Unit 10: The Road to the Unit 10: The Road to the Civil WarCivil War

Lesson 1: Life in the NorthLesson 1: Life in the North

As we said earlier,As we said earlier,

Thanks to steam Thanks to steam engines, a lot of engines, a lot of changes took place in changes took place in the North in the mid the North in the mid 1800s1800s What 2 major forms of What 2 major forms of

transportation started transportation started to be powered by to be powered by steam engines?steam engines?BoatsBoats & &

locomotiveslocomotives

The use of steam The use of steam locomotives obviously locomotives obviously led to the growth of led to the growth of railroadsrailroads Name the 4 Monopoly Name the 4 Monopoly

railroadsrailroads Any idea what B&O Any idea what B&O

stands for?stands for? Clues: Clues:

Back to the History StuffBack to the History Stuff Railroads & the telegraphRailroads & the telegraph both both

helped link distant helped link distant placesplaces Telegraph? What’s a Telegraph? What’s a

telegraph?telegraph? An electrical telegraph An electrical telegraph

machine couldmachine could transmit transmit messages over messages over long distances long distances without physically without physically transporting transporting anythinganything

Reminds me of Reminds me of

Then how were the Then how were the messages messages transmitted?transmitted? As electrical signals in As electrical signals in

the form of Morse the form of Morse codecode (developed by Samuel (developed by Samuel

F. B. Morse)F. B. Morse)

How did steam engines affect How did steam engines affect people’s everyday lives?people’s everyday lives?

They could now They could now powerpower factoryfactory machinesmachines, ,

which increased which increased the number of the number of manufacturingmanufacturing plantsplants, , workersworkers,, & & citiescities

Although the new Although the new industrial factories industrial factories greatly increased the greatly increased the amount of goods that amount of goods that workers could workers could produce, produce,

the workers received the workers received low wages & faced low wages & faced dangerous working dangerous working conditionsconditions

What could the workers have done to What could the workers have done to confront their employers and force them to confront their employers and force them to

make the factories safer?make the factories safer? Organize Organize labor labor

unions:unions: Organizations that Organizations that

try to improve the try to improve the working conditions working conditions and wages of their and wages of their membersmembers

In the 1850s, strong In the 1850s, strong labor unions began to labor unions began to emerge among skilled emerge among skilled workers (like printers, workers (like printers, stonecutters, & stonecutters, & blacksmiths)blacksmiths) Unions of skilled Unions of skilled

workers became workers became known as known as

trade societiestrade societies

Before long, unskilled Before long, unskilled factory workers began factory workers began to organize & demand to organize & demand higher wages & higher wages & shorter working hoursshorter working hours What method do What method do

unions often turn to to unions often turn to to achieve their goals?achieve their goals?

Strikes!Strikes!

StrikeStrike: : workers workers refusing to do their refusing to do their jobs until employers jobs until employers meet their demandsmeet their demands

Most early strikes Most early strikes failed, and because failed, and because they were illegal, they were illegal, strikers faced fines & strikers faced fines & jail sentencesjail sentences