Origins of The Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement
is the struggle of African Americans for equal rights -Major
Turning point for American society -Leads to other movements and
helped to make US the country it is today
Slide 4
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement After Civil War (13 th, 14
th, 15 th ) amendments hold loose promise of equality Plessy vs
Ferguson (1896) sets long precedence of Separate but Equal -
Separate but Equal policy was constitutional as long a facilities
were equal in quality
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Origins of The Civil Rights Movement The Truman Years -After
African Americans service in WWII many begin to question
segregation (Forced separation by race) -Harry Truman issued an
Executive Order desegregating the Armed Forces in 1948 -first major
institution to end racial segregation -Jackie Robinson crosses
colorline and becomes 1 st African American baseball player
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5zRN6rU7eU&feature=youtu.
be
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Origins of The Civil Rights Movement Litigation Phase -Many
civil rights groups begin to challenge segregation by litigation
(resolving the disputes in court) -National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)begins to challenge the
separate but equal doctrine through the American court system
Slide 7
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement Sweatt v Painter (1950)
-NAACP wins case for Heman Sweatt to attend law school at
University of Texas -UT said integration violated their
constitution and wanted Sweatt to attend a separate law school
-Supreme Court said that segregated school failed to qualify as
separate but equal, by isolating black students from lawyers
Slide 8
Origins of The Civil Rights Movement Brown v Board of Education
(1954) -Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP persuaded the Supreme Court
that segregated schools in Kansas were inherently unequal (Having
to separate means they are not equal) -Denied black students equal
protection under the 14 th amendment
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Origins of The Civil Rights Movement The Brown Decision
-Supreme Court ruled in favor of NAACP stating that "Separate but
Equal has no part in public education -overturned Plessy v Ferguson
and marked the end of legal segregation in public schools
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak&feature=youtube
Slide 10
Unit 10
Slide 11
The March to Equality In spite of Brown ruling the Jim Crow
laws still in place in the south -laws prevented African Americans
from sharing restaurants, public transportation, and other public
facilities
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The March to Equality Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956 -Rosa
Parks sits in the white section of a segregated bus, refuses to
give up seat, and is arrested -Dr. Martin Luther King Jr leads
boycott of the citys public buses -Boycott successfully ended the
citys segregated bus system, showed African Americans could unite
successfully and it gave civil rights movement national
attention
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The March to Equality Beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr -belief
in non violence, passive resistance to change the mind of
oppressors -civil disobedience, people should oppose unjust laws
peacefully through: *peaceful marches *boycotts *picketing
*demonstrations -Modeled actions after those of Thoreau and
Gandhi
Slide 14
The March to Equality Civil Rights Act of 1957 -passed by
Eisenhower administration to increase African American voting in
the south -set up several agencies with the power to register black
voters, also set the pattern for later civil rights
legislation
Slide 15
The March to Equality Most southern states delayed school
integration (bringing different races together) -Little Rock High
School(1957)Gov Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to
prevent nine African American students (Little Rock Nine) from
entering the school and refused to protect the students
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The March to Equality -Eisenhower, persuaded by famous
Christian Preacher Billy Graham, orders federal troops to ensure
that the students attended school -Faubus closed school down to
prevent students from attending, Supreme Court later opens the
school
Slide 17
The March to Equality More Southern Opposition to Integration
-African Americans faced hostility in the South, sometimes leading
to violence -George Wallace-Gov of Alabama stood in the door way of
University of Alabama to prevent black students from enrolling
Slide 18
The March to Equality -Lester Maddox-forced African Americans
out of his restaurant and later sold the restaurant instead of
serving blacks, later elected Gov of Georgia -Southern Democrats in
Congress banded together to obstruct federal attempts to pass civil
rights legislation All opposed desegregation in the South and felt
that the federal government was interfering in state matters
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The March to Equality MLK and other civil rights leaders try to
end segregation across the south using various nonviolent protest
methods -Sit-ins-sitting at Whites Only lunch counters and refusing
to move, led to desegregation of many restaurants -Freedom
Rides-riding interstate buses to insure integration of the buses
-protestors wanted to create a nonviolent confrontation so the
federal government would have to intervene
Slide 20
The March to Equality King Letter From Birmingham Jail -showed
the brutality of segregation to the nation -MLK explained why
African Americans could no longer wait for equality, everyone has a
moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws
Slide 21
The March to Equality The March on Washington 1963 -Largest
demonstration for human rights in US History, wanted to pressure
Congress into passing civil rights legislation -MLK and others led
March on Washington where he delivered I Have a Dream speech -gets
the attention of President John F. Kennedy who begins to create
civil rights legislation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fILI6qggDTM
Slide 22
The March to Equality New President Lyndon B. Johnson passes
the Civil rights Act of 1964 -prohibited discrimination based on
race, color, religion and made it illegal for hotels, restaurants
or any business to practice racial discrimination -cut off federal
aid to any segregated school -created Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission to register voters and enforce all provisions
Slide 23
The March to Equality After Civil Rights act, Civil Rights
leaders begin push to register and encourage African Americans to
vote -LBJ passes the 24 th amendment, this eliminated poll taxes in
federal elections -MLK organizes marches in Selma, Alabama for
voting rights, when voters are attacked LBJ passes a new bill
Slide 24
The March to Equality -Voting Rights Act of 1965, this
eliminated poll taxes, and suspended literacy tests for voting,
leads to a substantial increase in African American voters
Slide 25
The March to Equality Johnson signs an executive order
authorizing Affirmative Action, this required any business with
federal ties to increase the number of minority workers -Regents of
the University of California v Bakke 1978, Supreme Court upheld
affirmative action for college admissions, just not in the form of
quotas
Slide 26
The March to Equality By the end of the Civil Rights Movement
most African Americans could: vote in state and federal elections
segregation was illegal in all public and government facilities
many blacks begin to hold political office