Unit 10 - Organic Chemistry 2.pdf

7/28/2019 Unit 10 - Organic Chemistry 2.pdf

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acid forms.

Air oxidation of wine to vinegar.

Old-style breathalysers where test crystalsturn green are a useful illustration.

The oxidation by potassium dichromate(VI)revises the test for a reducing agent(Syllabus learning objective 6.2(d))

This reaction can bediscussed in terms of theconditions needed for longterm storage of ethanol.

e

f

describe the reaction of ethanoic acidwith ethanol to make an ester

state some uses of esters (perfumes,flavourings, solvents)

The reaction can be carried out either bythe students or as a demonstration. Thestudents can be given the opportunity tonote the characteristic smell of pear dropsto illustrate the use of esters in perfumesand flavourings.

If samples of other esters areavailable, students can smellthem and decide whetherthey resemble fruitflavourings.

http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlclick on visit site when webpage appears

11.5e

Macromoleculesdescribe the condensationpolymerisation of nylon (polyamide) and

Terylene (polyester) usingrepresentations as shown in thesyllabus section 11.5(e)

The polymerisation of nylon from solutionsof its monomers can be demonstrated nylon rope experiment.

Students can melt nylon granules over agentle heat on a metal lid or plate. A glassrod can be used to draw a thread from themelted nylon. This is a similar method tothat used to make nylon threads forpurposes such as fishing lines.

Students should be able to draw the

structures of polyesters and polyamides ifthey are given the formulae of themonomer molecules. They should alsopractise writing monomer formulae fromdiagrams of polymer structures. They needto be able to identify the repeating unit froma diagram of a length of polymer chain.

This section builds directly onthe macromolecules sectionwhich dealt with addition

polymerisation in Unit 4.

www.s-cool.co.uk/contents.aspclick on GCSE revision then

Chemistry then choosetopic: products from crudeoil . Use the Quick learnsection.

f state some typical uses of man-madefibres (clothing, curtain materials,

fishing line, parachutes, sleeping bags)

Students can carry out a polymer survey bylooking at the labels in their clothes or at

the information in a clothing catalogue.

Students may be interestedto know thatTerylene is

being replaced in coat and

www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/i

ndex.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlhttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/contents.asphttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/contents.asphttp://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/index.htmhttp://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/index.htmhttp://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/index.htmhttp://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/index.htmhttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/contents.asphttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/contents.asphttp://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/3659/orgchem/carboxylicacids.html


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They can survey the range of fibres used,

and classify the fibres as man-made andsynthetic.

sleeping bag packing by

recycled polymers. Usedplastic bags can be meltedand spun into fibres thathave similar properties toTerylene.

www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htmLook at experiments 10, 12.

g describe the pollution problems causedby non-biodegradable plastics comparison of addition andcondensation polymers in this context.

Students should recognise that the non-biodegradable nature of many plasticsleads to long term environmental problems.Issues to discuss include the need for

conserving oil reserves and recycling ofplastic waste. Biodegradable plastics havelimited uses as they are usually weakermaterials.

Some of these ideas weremet in Unit 3, Syllabuslearning objective 11 (b).

Recycling symbols:http://www.cswd.net/recycling/symbols.shtml

identify carbohydrates, proteins andfats as natural macromolecules

describe the similarities and differencesbetween protein and nylon (same

amide linkage, different monomer units multiple monomers in the case ofproteins & genetic control of sequence)

describe the similarities anddifferences between fats and Terylene(same ester linkage, different monomerunits)

The main ideas to address are to comparethe structures of natural and man-madepolymers in terms of the variability ofmonomers in the natural molecule.

Students should be able to identify whethera macromolecule is a polyamide orpolyester by looking at its structure.

Examples of structures ofnatural proteins can be foundin Advanced level biologytext books.

http://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/lib

rary/weekly/aa980325.htmhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.html

describe the hydrolysis of proteins and

carbohydrates

This can be carried out as a demonstration.

Students need to know the conditions forthe hydrolysis and be able to predict thelikely monomers that will form from a givenpolymer structure.

This technique is used as a

diagnostic tool in medicine.The resulting amino acidsare identified by analysingtheir Rf values by usingchromatography and alocating agent (Syllabuslearning outcome 1.2 (c)).Sugars can also beseparated by paper

chromatography and
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htmhttp://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htmhttp://www.cswd.net/recycling/symbols.shtmlhttp://www.cswd.net/recycling/symbols.shtmlhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980325.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980325.htmhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem121/lab/polymers/therms.htmlhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980325.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa980325.htmhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://www.wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk/page04/OilProducts/ExtraOrganic.htmhttp://www.cswd.net/recycling/symbols.shtmlhttp://www.cswd.net/recycling/symbols.shtmlhttp://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htmhttp://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/classic_exp.htm


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visualised by drying in oven.

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Unit 10 - Organic Chemistry 2.pdf