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Unit 1The Nature of Biology
Flashcard Warm-up
InferTo use evidence
and reason/logic to come up with a
conclusion
Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence for every
vocabulary flashcard warm-up.
Independent variableVs.
Dependent Variable
Independent variable is the one changing
factor in an experiment.
The dependent variable is the measureable
results of the change (IV)
Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence.
Steps of the Scientific Method1. Problem/Purpose- The question the lab will answer, must be
testable, identifies variablesa. Independent variable – factor the scientist changes
from group to groupb. Dependent variable – factor the scientist measures to
see the effect of the independent variableVariables and Controls Videoclip
2. Research: learn about the problem3. Hypothesis: educated prediction4. Procedure: the steps in the experiment to test the
hypothesisA. Control - normal conditions or absence of independent
variable, used for comparisonB. Experimental group(s) have only one changing variable
5. Observations/Data: Don’t use opinion; Use factual descriptions or measurements
6. Analysis/Conclusion: Answers the purpose; accepts or rejects hypothesis
Science is Tentative
THEORY: the most logical explanation based on current evidence; becomes stronger as more evidence is gathered
LAW: universal generalization that is virtually unchanging; gravity
* Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists to repeat and verify the work of others.
Good Experiments Begin with Good questions
• Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of skin cancer?
� Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding correlations may be relatively easy.
• Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons?
� Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of demon, and then come up with some objective means of measuring possessed-by-demons-ness.
•
“Testing the Greenhouse Effect”Discovery Education
Watch the Mythbusters video: Watch for the parts of the scientific method
we discussed as you watch the video see if you can identify the following:
Independent variable? Dependent variable? Control? Experimental groups? Constants? Good or bad experimental design?
Ticket out the Door 1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific
method. 2. A controlled experiment will only have
____ changing variable. 3. Maria tested the effect of different
fertilizer on the growth of her grass. Independent variable? Dependent variable? Control?
Flashcard Warm-up
Control GroupThe group of test
subjects in an experiment that are either given the “normal” conditions/dose or are not given the independent variable at all. This group is used for comparison.
Homeostasis
The regulation of internal conditions
(such as temperature, oxygen levels, blood
sugar levels) that allow an organism to
survive.
What is biology?
Biology: the study of (-ology) all life (bio)
Includes many branches:1. Microbiology: The study of microorganisms2. Ecology: The study of living things
and their environment
3. Cytology: The study of cells4. Genetics: The study of heredity5. Oncology: The study of cancer6. Botany: The study of plants
Characteristics of Life
Organization: All life is made up of cells; all life needs six essential elements (CHNOPS)
Organism
Organ System
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Atoms / Elements
Characteristics of LifeAlive! Videoclip
Energy Use :organisms must make energy to construct building blocks in the body
Metabolism – all chemical reactions in an organism
Examples: Synthesis – to build molecules Break down molecules
(nutrition) Transport nutrients Cellular respiration – produce
energy
Characteristics of Life 3. Reproduction – making
more organisms, for growth or repair; sexual or asexual
4. Growth and Development
• Growth – to increase in size (# of cells)
• Development – change in structure and function
5. Respond to Stimuli - A reaction towards or away from a stimulus in the environment;
6. Adjust to Environment• Homeostasis - the
regulation of an organism’s internal environment
• Adaptation - an inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment.
TechnologyCompound Light Microscope:• Has two lenses – ocular
(eyepiece) and objective to view thin specimens
• Ocular x Objective = Magnification
Electron microscope:• Scanning electron
microscope: SEM – 3D image
• Transmission electron microscope: TEM – greatest magnification
Ocular
Objective
Ticket out the door
1. List and describe three characteristics all living things have in common.
Flashcard Warm-up
STERNGRR is life!
Write down the life process represented by each letter in STERNGRR
Metabolism
All chemical reactions occurring in an organism
Life Processes: STERNGRR Synthesis – making materials
Example: plants make sugar during photosynthesis Transport – moving chemicals from location to
location within cell or organism. Example: our circulatory system transports oxygen
and nutrients to all cells in our body Excretion – getting rid of wastes
Example: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxide Respiration – gas exchange AND production of
energy (ATP) Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar
Life Processes (STERNGRR)
Nutrition – gaining energy from food source Example: eating food!
Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or changing (puberty)
Regulation – controlling internal processes Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood
sugar levels in blood Reproduction – producing new cells or
new organisms
STERNGRR Project Each group of 3 will be assigned an
animal or plant You will need to research how that
organism carries out each life process (STERNGRR)
Create a powerpoint presentation with pictures and slides-follow the rubric
Present Monday – short 4 to 5 min. presentation
STERNGRR Presentations Take notes for each presentation, you
should have a few words to describe how each animal presented carries out the essential life processes.
Make a Venn diagram to compare any two organisms presented, you may not use the organism your group presented
Don’t forget to write your individual summary paragraph about your groups organism!
Ticket Out the Door
The life processes that take place in all living organisms can be remembered as STERNGRR. What do the letters stand for?
Explain or define two
Flashcard Warm-up
Characteristics of ALL living organisms:
Use your notes and write down the six characteristics of life and a brief
explanation for each.
Unit 1 Work
Scientific Method Lab- Questions 1-5 from Blue sheet, 1J, data tables (article and questions on back)
1C,D, E STERNGRR Summary and Venn Diagram Characteristics of Life Chart Problem Solving pgs. 9-12