Unit 1 Test Review

Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4

Why was the development of agriculture important?

Allowed people to stay in one place, make larger groups and build societies

Explain the concept of Columbian Exchange

Global transfer of living things that began with Columbus and continues today

How did Montezuma lead his people to destruction?

He accepted Cortes and his men as Gods

What group of people made up the labor force after Native Americans were no longer useable?

Blacks or Africans

What did John Smith force the people to do in order to ensure survival through the winter?

Farm and seek help from the Natives

What crop “saved” Jamestown?

Tobacco

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

To ensure the colonies made money for England

The large farms in the South that only grow one crop are called what?

Plantations

What ideas did the Enlightenment emphasize?

Science, reason, logic…

What two European countries were fighting for control of the Ohio River Valley during the French and Indian War?

France and England

The Proclamation of 1763 instructed colonists to stay East of what natural boundary?

Appalachian Mountains

In addition to placing duties ont hings that had never been taxed before, the Sugar Act did two other things,

name one.

Lowered the taxes on sugar or made it so smugglers would be tried by a vice admiralty court

What was the first direct tax placed on the colonists that was protested so heavily it led to the founding of the

Sons of Liberty?

Stamp Act

What highly propagandized event was the first deadly clash between colonists and British soldiers?

Boston Massacre

What was being protested in the Boston Tea Party and how was it being protested? Tea Act, dumped tea into the harbor

Rumors of what led British soldiers to march to Concord?

Colonists storing weapons

Why is Paul Revere more famous than the other two riders that were sent out on the night of April 18, 1775?

Because a poem was written about him

Who wrote Common Sense and why?

Thomas Paine, encourage independence

Why was it so important to Washington that his troops were victorious at the battle of Trenton?

Because their contracts were about to expire and he needed them to reenlist

What happened after Saratoga to make it the turning point of the Revolution?

The French begin to openly support the Americans

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

They didn’t give the federal government enough power, they didn’t make a strong enough government, they were too weak…

In the Hamilton/Jefferson debate which political party wanted a strong central government led by the educated

elite of upperclass citizens?

Federalists

Why did Virginia and Kentucky want to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts?

They felt they were unconstitutional

What precedent does Marbury v Madison set?

Judicial Review, it is the Supreme Court’s job to interpret the Constitution

The Monroe Doctrine was a warning to Europe to do what?

Stay out of our hemisphere

Explain how the Industrial Revolution led in part to the Civil War.

It hit the North hard and made them richer, kind of skipped over the South and made them poorer

What crop helped to entrench slavery in the South?

Cotton

Explain all three parts of the Missouri Compromise.

Maine free, Missouri slave, split Louisiana Territory

Under the “spoils system” who did Jackson appoint to government positions? His friends or political supporters

How did the Cherokee protest the Indian Removal Act?

By suing the state

What led to the panic of 1837?

“Pet banks” printed more paper currency than they had gold and silver to back up

What idea was used as justification for westward expansion?

Manifest Destiny

During the time period of Manifest Destiny name two events that gave the U.S. more land

Louisiana Purchase Texas Annexation War with Mexico Gadsden Purchase Gold Rush Mormon Migration Convinced Great Britain to sell Oregon

During the Market Revolution people began to buy more goods instead of what? Making their own

Commonwealth v Hunt protects a worker’s right to do what?

Strike

Explain why the Second Great Awakening is tied to the Abolition Movement.

Second Great Awakening is a renewed interest in religion, when people get more religious they start thinking about and wrong, they begin to believe slavery is wrong, makes them want to abolish slavery

Name one thing women fought for before fight for their own rights.

Abolition Temperance Better treatment of the mentally ill Better treatment of prisoners

What does Popular Sovereignty mean and what issue was it meant to solve?

Majority Rules, slavery

What was the Underground Railroad?

A system of routes and people that helped slaves escape the South

Explain how the Dred Scott decision guaranteed the expansion of slavery.

Said slave owners can take their property into new territories

How many slaves did the Emancipation Proclamation actually free on the day it was given (explain your

answer)?

None, because it only freed the slaves in the rebellious South where Lincoln had no authority

Why was the Gettysburg Address significant?

United the nation Made people say “The United States is…” instead

of “The United States are…”

What happened at Appomattox Court House, Virginia?

South surrendered or the Civil War ended

What does the 13th amendment do?

Abolishes slavery

Why is John Wilkes Booth famous?

He assassinated Lincoln

What does the term “Reconstruction” refer to?

Rebuilding the South, or putting the country back together after the Civil War

What do the 14th and 15th amendments do?

14th defines citizens as all those born or naturalized in the U.S. (meaning makes the newly freed slaves citizens)

15th says people cannot be kept from voting based on race, religion or previous condition of servitude (meaning tries to enforce blacks being able to vote)

How does Reconstruction lead the the KKK?

The KKK was first formed to protest Reconstruction and the Radical Republicans

Who was the first president to undergo the impeachment process and why was he impeached?

Andrew Johnson Official: he violated the Tenure of Office Act Unofficial: he kept blocking Reconstruction or

vetoing Reconstruction legislation

How does the election of 1876 end Reconstruction?

Although Tilden the Democrat wins the popular vote, the Democratic party allows Hayes to take office if the Republicans would agree to end Reconstruction