Unit 1: Part A 21st Century College English: Book 4 Who Is Great?

Unit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part A2121st Century College English: Book 4st Century College English: Book 4

Who Is Great?

• Pre-Reading Activities

• Text A: Language Points

• Exercises

• Assignment

Unit 1: Part AUnit 1: Part A

Pre-reading ActivityPre-reading Activity

Before listen to the recording, have a quick look at the following Before listen to the recording, have a quick look at the following

words. Then listen to the recording again and answer the following words. Then listen to the recording again and answer the following

questions.questions.

genetics:genetics: 遗传学遗传学

psychiatry:psychiatry: 精神病学精神病学

persistent:persistent: 坚持不懈的坚持不懈的


1.1. What question did professor Simonton’s research project What question did professor Simonton’s research project

seek to answer?seek to answer?

It sought to find out what makes a great person different It sought to find out what makes a great person different from other people.from other people.


2.2. What three personality traits of great people are What three personality traits of great people are mentioned?mentioned?

a) a “never give up” attitudea) a “never give up” attitude

b) intelligence isn’t everythingb) intelligence isn’t everything

c) a love of one’s workc) a love of one’s work


3.3. What negative trait of “great” people is mentioned?What negative trait of “great” people is mentioned?

It sought to find out what makes a great person different It sought to find out what makes a great person different from other people.from other people.


4.4. Does professor Simonton believe that great people are more Does professor Simonton believe that great people are more often mentally ill than other people?often mentally ill than other people?

No. he found the belief unfound.No. he found the belief unfound.

ScriptScriptScriptScript


What defines greatness? What makes one person go down the What defines greatness? What makes one person go down the history while another is forgotten? Are the artists, scientists, and history while another is forgotten? Are the artists, scientists, and political leaders we call “great” really different from you and me?political leaders we call “great” really different from you and me?

Psychologist Richard Simonton decided to explore these Psychologist Richard Simonton decided to explore these questions by combining historical knowledge about great figures with questions by combining historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry, and the social sciences. recent findings in genetics, psychiatry, and the social sciences. Though it is a complex question, Professor Simonton was able to Though it is a complex question, Professor Simonton was able to identify three qualities which great people seem to share.identify three qualities which great people seem to share.

The first is a “never give up” attitude. Being persistent even when The first is a “never give up” attitude. Being persistent even when others would quit seems to be crucial to achieving greatness. One others would quit seems to be crucial to achieving greatness. One example is Winston Churchill, who took over leadership of Britain in example is Winston Churchill, who took over leadership of Britain in the darkest days of World War II. Churchill inspired the nation with a the darkest days of World War II. Churchill inspired the nation with a speech insisting, “We shall never surrender” and then led Britain on speech insisting, “We shall never surrender” and then led Britain on to victory.to victory.

Simonton also found that intelligence isn’t everything. Many Simonton also found that intelligence isn’t everything. Many political and military leaders have been bright, but not overly so. political and military leaders have been bright, but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, other factors, such as the ability to Beyond a certain point, other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than sheer communicate effectively, become more important than sheer intelligence. Of course, many great scientists do have genius-level intelligence. Of course, many great scientists do have genius-level IQs, but even there, the ability to think in non-traditional ways may IQs, but even there, the ability to think in non-traditional ways may be just as important.be just as important.

Finally, great people love their work. No one becomes great by Finally, great people love their work. No one becomes great by focusing on earning money or on pleasing others. Rather, pursuing focusing on earning money or on pleasing others. Rather, pursuing subjects for the love of doing so seems to lead to lasting subjects for the love of doing so seems to lead to lasting accomplishment.accomplishment.

Some people wonder if there may be a price to pay for Some people wonder if there may be a price to pay for greatness. Indeed, Professor Simonton found that many great greatness. Indeed, Professor Simonton found that many great figures have had poor personal relationships. This may be because figures have had poor personal relationships. This may be because their strong drive to achieve leaves with little energy to devote to their strong drive to achieve leaves with little energy to devote to those around them. However, he found the popular belief that great those around them. However, he found the popular belief that great people are often mentally ill to be unfounded.people are often mentally ill to be unfounded.

So dare to be great. History will be your only judge.So dare to be great. History will be your only judge.

Language PointsLanguage Points

Text A:

Who Is Great?


Who Is Great?Who Is Great?

11 As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that

teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was

just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And

the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was

being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.

22 Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve

a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to

become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their

greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an

uncompromising personality?

33 For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. For decades, scientists have been asking such questions.

And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help

explain why some people explain why some people rise above, while others — similarly , while others — similarly

talented, perhaps — are left behind. Their findings could have talented, perhaps — are left behind. Their findings could have

implications for us all.implications for us all.


44 Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one

measures success. But there are some criteria. “Someone who has measures success. But there are some criteria. “Someone who has

made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great,” said made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great,” said

Dean Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of , a professor of psychology at the University of

California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who

Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: “Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: “

Sometimes great people don’t make it into history books. A lot of women

achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized.

””


5 5 In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge

about about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and

the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men

and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won

wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or

revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he

doesn’t have a formula to define how or why certain people rise doesn’t have a formula to define how or why certain people rise

above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few

common characteristics.common characteristics.


66 A “never surrender” attitude. If great achievers share anything, A “never surrender” attitude. If great achievers share anything,

said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. “There’s a said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. “There’s a

tendency to think that they tendency to think that they are endowed with something super- something super-

normal,” he explained. “But what normal,” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that the research is that

there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.

It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous It’s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous

amounts of study, practice and devotion.”amounts of study, practice and devotion.”


77 He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during He cited Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during

World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up.

Thrust into office when his country’s morale was at its lowest, Thrust into office when his country’s morale was at its lowest,

Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech

following following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the in 1940, he inspired the

nation when he said, “nation when he said, “

We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surren

der.

””


8 8 Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill’s role in history Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill’s role in history

— as well as the roles of other political and military leaders — — as well as the roles of other political and military leaders —

Simonton discovered Simonton discovered a striking pattern: “Firstborns and only children : “Firstborns and only children

tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They’re used to taking tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They’re used to taking

charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They

listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary

compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in

a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective — not even popular.”a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective — not even popular.”


99 Timing is another factor. “If you took George Washington and Timing is another factor. “If you took George Washington and

put him in the 20th century put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician,” ,”

Simonton declared. “He was not an effective public speaker, and he Simonton declared. “He was not an effective public speaker, and he

didn’t like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I’m not didn’t like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I’m not

sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington’s sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington’s

time. He wouldn’t have had the radio to do his fireside chats.”time. He wouldn’t have had the radio to do his fireside chats.”


1010 Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton’s findings Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton’s findings

is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not

overly so. overly so.

Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test.

The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example — Thomas The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example — Thomas

Jefferson, Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy — had a hard time and John F. Kennedy — had a hard time

getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the

average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political

and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not

necessary to be a great leader.necessary to be a great leader.


1111 In the sciences, those with “genius level” IQs do have a better In the sciences, those with “genius level” IQs do have a better

chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton.

Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.

1212 He pointed to one recent study where college students were He pointed to one recent study where college students were

given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with

a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know

was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific

equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation

that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.



1313 Kepler’s genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a Kepler’s genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a

mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a

unique way — applying his mathematical knowledge to his unique way — applying his mathematical knowledge to his

observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that

set him apart..

1414 Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the

way magnets are drawn to metal. “He couldn’t stop thinking about way magnets are drawn to metal. “He couldn’t stop thinking about

this stuff,” Simonton pointed out. “He became this stuff,” Simonton pointed out. “He became obsessed with with

problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped

working on them. It’s not surprising that he made major contributions working on them. It’s not surprising that he made major contributions

by the time he was 26.”by the time he was 26.”

1515 “For most of us, it’s not that we don’t have the ability,” “For most of us, it’s not that we don’t have the ability,”

Simonton added, “it’s that we don’t devote the time. You have to Simonton added, “it’s that we don’t devote the time. You have to

put in the effort and the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles.” all the frustrations and obstacles.”

1616 Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a

desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his

work was what set him apart.work was what set him apart.

1717 Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is

found in nearly all creative geniuses — whether or not their genius found in nearly all creative geniuses — whether or not their genius

is acknowledged by contemporaries.is acknowledged by contemporaries.


1818 ““Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after was not recognized for her poetry until after

her death,” said Simonton. “But she was not writing for fame. The her death,” said Simonton. “But she was not writing for fame. The

same can be same can be said of James Joyce, who didn’t spend a lot of time , who didn’t spend a lot of time

worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake.”worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake.”


1919

Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one’s work is a key to rising above

. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa . In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa

Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard

University, a group of professional writers — none famous — were University, a group of professional writers — none famous — were

asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed

in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the

idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing

just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.


2020 The poems then were submitted anonymously to The poems then were submitted anonymously to

a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by for evaluation. The poetry written by

people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those

who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best.

“Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant “Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant

difference,” Amabile said.difference,” Amabile said.


Text-related informationText-related informationText-related informationText-related information

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French from 1804 to of the French from 1804 to 1814, is known in history as 1814, is known in history as Napoleon I. In 1804-1805, a Napoleon I. In 1804-1805, a European coalition was formed European coalition was formed against Napoleon. The defeat at against Napoleon. The defeat at the battle of Waterloo in 1815 the battle of Waterloo in 1815 ended his rule. He spent the rest ended his rule. He spent the rest of his life in exile on St. Helena. of his life in exile on St. Helena.

carve carve

1. form sth. by cutting away material from wood or 1. form sth. by cutting away material from wood or stone stone

2. build one’s (career, reputation, etc.) by hard work 2. build one’s (career, reputation, etc.) by hard work

Examples:Examples:

•• The pot was The pot was carvedcarved out of a single piece of stone out of a single piece of stone..

•• The new airline hopes to The new airline hopes to carvecarve (out) a place for itself (out) a place for itself in the European market.in the European market.

rise above rise above

— — become successful or outstanding become successful or outstanding

Examples:Examples:

•• Justin Justin rose aboverose above and did well in his classes. and did well in his classes.

•• A woman who can A woman who can rise aboverise above (such difficulties) is (such difficulties) is obviously exceptional.obviously exceptional.


Keith SimontonKeith Simonton

Dr. Keith Simonton is Dr. Keith Simonton is

professor of Psychology at the professor of Psychology at the

University of California at University of California at

Davis. He is on the editorial Davis. He is on the editorial

board of board of the Creativity the Creativity

Research JournalResearch Journal, , Leadership Leadership

QuarterlyQuarterly, , Review of General Review of General

PsychologyPsychology, , Journal of Journal of

Creative BehaviorCreative Behavior, etc., etc.

TranslationTranslationSometimes great people don’t make it into history books. Sometimes great people don’t make it into history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized.but went unrecognized.

Translate the sentence:Translate the sentence:

??

Key:Key:

有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许多女性取得了巨大成有时候伟人并没有被载入史册。许多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。

great figuresgreat figures

— — great peoplegreat people

Examples:Examples:

•• He was a He was a great figuregreat figure in the independent struggle. in the independent struggle.

•• He is a He is a great figuregreat figure in the anti-Japanese war. in the anti-Japanese war.

revolutionizerevolutionize

— — vt. vt. completely changecompletely change

Examples:Examples:

•• Newton’s discoveries Newton’s discoveries revolutionizedrevolutionized physics. physics.

•• These time-saving techniques could These time-saving techniques could revolutionizerevolutionize your your life.life.

be endowed with be endowed with

— — naturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc.naturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc.

Examples:Examples:

•• She She is endowed withis endowed with intelligence as well as beauty. intelligence as well as beauty.

•• The place The place isis generally generally endowed withendowed with prehistoric sites. prehistoric sites.

come out ofcome out of

— — result form; be producedresult form; be produced

Examples:Examples:

•• What What came out ofcame out of your long talks with the director? your long talks with the director?

•• The system has The system has come out ofcome out of artificial intelligence artificial intelligence research.research.


The Allied evacuation at DunkirkThe Allied evacuation at Dunkirk

Dunkirk is an important Dunkirk is an important

commercial seaport, which was commercial seaport, which was

one of the great actions of World one of the great actions of World

War II. From May 29 to June 4, War II. From May 29 to June 4,

small volunteer craft crossed the small volunteer craft crossed the

channel and evacuated 360,000, or channel and evacuated 360,000, or

three quarters, of the Allied forces three quarters, of the Allied forces

in the face of a terrible artillery in the face of a terrible artillery

bombardment.bombardment.

TranslationTranslationWe shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender.shall never surrender.


??

Key:Key:

我们不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不我们不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。会屈服。

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

flag and failflag and fail —— is an example of alliteration, the use of two or is an example of alliteration, the use of two or more words close together which all begin with the more words close together which all begin with the same letter or sound to create a musical rhythm to same letter or sound to create a musical rhythm to the speech.the speech.

Examples:Examples:

•• TTime and ime and ttide wait for no man.ide wait for no man.

•• RRound the ound the rrugged ugged rrocks the ocks the rragged agged rrascal ascal rran.an.

a striking pattern a striking pattern

— — a remarkable and rascal rulea remarkable and rascal rule

Examples:Examples:

•• behavior behavior patternpattern

•• the the patternpattern of family life has been changing over of family life has been changing over recent years.recent years.

patternpattern

— — way in which something happens, moves or developsway in which something happens, moves or develops

he would go nowhere as a politicianhe would go nowhere as a politician

— — he would not make a successful politicianhe would not make a successful politician

Examples:Examples:

•• He’ll He’ll go nowherego nowhere with her; she is too young. with her; she is too young.

•• I’m trying to persuade her to come but I’m I’m trying to persuade her to come but I’m getting getting nowherenowhere..

If you say that you are If you say that you are nowherenowhere, that you are going or , that you are going or

getting nowhere, or that something is getting you getting nowhere, or that something is getting you

nowhere, you mean that all your efforts are not successfulnowhere, you mean that all your efforts are not successful

TranslationTranslationBeyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ testthan innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test..


??

Key:Key:

他解释说，超过了某一阶段，其他因素，如有效沟通的他解释说，超过了某一阶段，其他因素，如有效沟通的能力等，便变得比通过智商测试得的先天智力更为重要能力等，便变得比通过智商测试得的先天智力更为重要了。了。


Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)

Woodrow Wilson was twenty-eighth Woodrow Wilson was twenty-eighth

President of the USA (1913-1921). He President of the USA (1913-1921). He

entered an academic career in 1883 entered an academic career in 1883

and was appointed president of and was appointed president of

Princeton University in 1902.Wilson Princeton University in 1902.Wilson

became a successful reform governor became a successful reform governor

and earned a reputation that helped and earned a reputation that helped

give him the Democratic nomination give him the Democratic nomination

for the Presidency in 1912.for the Presidency in 1912.

TranslationTranslationYet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.ways of thinking may be just as important.


??

Key:Key:

然而，证据也表明克服传统是思维方式也许同样重要。然而，证据也表明克服传统是思维方式也许同样重要。

set … apartset … apart

— — make … different from or superior to othersmake … different from or superior to others

Examples:Examples:

•• His exceptional height His exceptional height setset him him apartapart from the rest of from the rest of the man.the man.

•• The attributes The attributes setset humans humans apartapart from even the most from even the most intelligent machines.intelligent machines.

obsessedobsessed

—— unable to think about something; too interested in or unable to think about something; too interested in or very worried about somethingvery worried about something

Examples:Examples:

•• The government seems The government seems obsessedobsessed by the need for by the need for secrecy.secrecy.

•• They’re both They’re both obsessedobsessed with the fear of getting AIDS. with the fear of getting AIDS.

put input in

— — use or spend (effort, time, etc.)use or spend (effort, time, etc.)

Examples:Examples:

•• You’ve obviously You’ve obviously putput a lot of work a lot of work inin your garden. your garden.

•• If I If I put input in some extra hours today, I can have time off some extra hours today, I can have time off tomorrow.tomorrow.

put up withput up with

— — tolerate or bear; be willing to accept (sth. unpleasant tolerate or bear; be willing to accept (sth. unpleasant or not desirable.)or not desirable.)

Examples:Examples:

•• He’s finding it difficult to He’s finding it difficult to put up withput up with the pain. the pain.

•• They have a lot to They have a lot to put up withput up with..


Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

Emily Dickinson, a New England Emily Dickinson, a New England

spinster whose work was unknown in spinster whose work was unknown in

her lifetime, was one of American’s her lifetime, was one of American’s

Finest poets. Her three volume poem, Finest poets. Her three volume poem,

Poems of Emily Dickinson, Poems of Emily Dickinson, are brief and are brief and

condensed, characterized by unusual condensed, characterized by unusual

rhyming and swift flashes of insight. rhyming and swift flashes of insight.

The collection The collection Letter of Emily Dickinson Letter of Emily Dickinson

was published in 1958.was published in 1958.

say ofsay of

— — express an opinion aboutexpress an opinion about

Examples:Examples:

•• People People say ofsay of him that he’s over 100. him that he’s over 100.

•• It’s often It’s often said ofsaid of the island that it is like a jewel set in the island that it is like a jewel set in the sea.the sea.

TranslationTranslationToday, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one’s work is a key to rising abovefor one’s work is a key to rising above..

Translate the sentenceTranslate the sentence

??

Key:Key:

如今，研究者们有证据证明，对自己工作的一种内在的如今，研究者们有证据证明，对自己工作的一种内在的热情是出类拔萃的一个关键所在。热情是出类拔萃的一个关键所在。

a panel ofa panel of professional writer professional writer

— — a small group of professional writers.a small group of professional writers.

Examples:Examples:

•• The competition will be judged by a The competition will be judged by a panelpanel of experts. of experts.

•• Does the Does the panelpanel think that the proposed sale of these think that the proposed sale of these nationalized industries is beneficial to the country?nationalized industries is beneficial to the country?

a panela panel is a small group of people who are chosen, for is a small group of people who are chosen, for example, to discuss or give their opinions on a particular example, to discuss or give their opinions on a particular subject in public, or to hear evidence and make a subject in public, or to hear evidence and make a decisiondecision


James Joyce (1882-1941)James Joyce (1882-1941)

James Joyce, an Irish novelist and James Joyce, an Irish novelist and poet, was educated at a Jesuit poet, was educated at a Jesuit boarding school and University boarding school and University College, Dublin. His masterpiece, College, Dublin. His masterpiece, Ulysses Ulysses (1922)(1922),,employs a variety of employs a variety of techniques, and ranges from extreme techniques, and ranges from extreme realism to fantasy. His important realism to fantasy. His important works also include works also include Dubliners Dubliners (1914) (1914) (collection of short stories), (collection of short stories), A Portrait A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man of the Artist as a Young Man (1914-(1914-1915), (autobiographical novel) and 1915), (autobiographical novel) and Finnegans Wake (1939).Finnegans Wake (1939).

Unit 1 Unit 1 • • ExercisesExercises

• ComprehensionComprehension Ex. IIEx. II

• Vocabulary Ex. IV & Ex. VEx. IV & Ex. V

• Listening Part 2.2Part 2.2

Exercises

Exercises Exercises • • ComprehensionComprehension

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. II, p. 11Ex. II, p. 11《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. II, p. 11Ex. II, p. 11

1.1. How does Professor Simonton define greatness?How does Professor Simonton define greatness?

2.2. What does the example of Winston Churchill show?What does the example of Winston Churchill show?

Answer the following questions:

He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person has made to human civilization.person has made to human civilization.

The example of Churchill shows the importance of The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication to achieve greatness.persistence and dedication to achieve greatness.


3.3. According to Professor Simonton, how does birth order affect According to Professor Simonton, how does birth order affect a person’s leadership abilities?a person’s leadership abilities?

4. What does the example of George Washington imply about 4. What does the example of George Washington imply about the qualities required of 20the qualities required of 20thth century politicians? century politicians?

Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle-born children are better times of crisis, but middle-born children are better peacetime leaders.peacetime leaders.

A 20th century politician should be an effective public A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.speaker and a social person.


5.5. What role does intelligence appear to play in the success of What role does intelligence appear to play in the success of military and political leaders?military and political leaders?

6.6. As demonstrated by the example of Kepler, what factor As demonstrated by the example of Kepler, what factor besides sheer intelligence seems to be crucial to achieving besides sheer intelligence seems to be crucial to achieving greatness in the sciences?greatness in the sciences?

Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.such as the ability to communicate effectively.

The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.also crucial.


7.7. What problem does Professor Simonton point out which often What problem does Professor Simonton point out which often stops talented people from achieving greatness.stops talented people from achieving greatness.

8.8. What did the Brandeis University study show?What did the Brandeis University study show?

They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.

The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the best The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the best form of invitation.form of invitation.


《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p12Ex. IV, p12《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. IV, p12Ex. IV, p12

Exercises Exercises • • VocabularyVocabulary

2. When you’re writing a paper, you must ________________ the

sources of the statements you have quoted to support your

argument.

1. I’m just coming around to have a friendly ________ with you.

How are you doing?

chatchat

acknowledgeacknowledge


despitedespite criterioncriterion contributioncontributioninfluential influential characteristiccharacteristic citecite moral moral

chatchat innateinnate obstacleobstacle motivatemotivateobsessionobsession acknowledgeacknowledge contemporarycontemporary intrinsicintrinsic

submitsubmit



submitsubmit

IV.IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

3. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People 3. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” People

who want to make things better can do so if only they are strongly who want to make things better can do so if only they are strongly

_________._________.

4. 4. The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound The expression of intense feelings in a simple and yet profound

way is recognized as a way is recognized as a _____________ _____________ of Emily Dickinson’s of Emily Dickinson’s

poetry.poetry.

motivatedmotivated




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


characteristiccharacteristic

6. 6. As the most As the most ____________________ US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a US president, Franklin Roosevelt left a

legacy which still deeply affects the country today.legacy which still deeply affects the country today.

5. 5. Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of Thomas Jefferson devoted himself completely to the drafting of

the Declaration of Independence the Declaration of Independence ______________ his personal sorrow his personal sorrow

and trouble.and trouble.

despitedespite

influentialinfluential




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


8. As I see it, laziness is the biggest 8. As I see it, laziness is the biggest ________ to person’s success.________ to person’s success.

7.7. Madame Curie is often Madame Curie is often __________ as an example of a great as an example of a great

scientist who would never yield to hardships in her quest for scientist who would never yield to hardships in her quest for

knowledge.knowledge.




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


citedcited

obstacleobstacle




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


9.9. Curiosity is the best teacher. If materials of no Curiosity is the best teacher. If materials of no ________________ interest interest

are crammed into students’ head, no effective learning can be are crammed into students’ head, no effective learning can be

achieved.achieved.

10.10. What are yourWhat are your ______________ for selecting the greatest literary works of for selecting the greatest literary works of

the 20the 20thth century? century?

intrinsicintrinsic

criteriacriteria

11.11. It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any It’s good to see a child develop different interests, but when any

interest turns into an interest turns into an ____________________ it can be worrying to parents. it can be worrying to parents.


12. Before they go to school, children manage to progress from 12. Before they go to school, children manage to progress from

newborns with only newborns with only ______ abilities to children with an ______ abilities to children with an

enormous amount of knowledge about the ten years of enormous amount of knowledge about the ten years of

research.research.

obsessionobsession

innatinnatee



submitsubmit



submitsubmit





submitsubmit



submitsubmit


13.13. Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique Mother Teresa will long be remembered for her unique

________________________ to the cause of caring for the sick and dying. to the cause of caring for the sick and dying.

14.14. Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s Albert Einstein, Franklin Roosevelt’s __________________________, got , got

involved in politics by suggesting the government develop its involved in politics by suggesting the government develop its

own nuclear weapons programown nuclear weapons program..

contributioncontribution

contemporarycontemporary




submitsubmit



submitsubmit


15.15. For the inclusion of your record in the For the inclusion of your record in the Guinness Book of World Guinness Book of World

Records, Records, an application must be an application must be _________ _________ to its headquarters to its headquarters

in London.in London.

16.16. History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic History has proved that in time of crisis a capable and charismatic

(( 有魅力的有魅力的 )) person must be called to leadership so as to raise the person must be called to leadership so as to raise the

nation’s nation’s ______.______.

submittedsubmitted

moralmoral

《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, P13Ex. V, P13《读写教程 IV 》 : Ex. V, P13Ex. V, P13



V.V. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. form where necessary.

make historymake history rise aboverise above leave behindleave behindfocus onfocus on come up withcome up with be endowed withbe endowed withbuild uponbuild upon put input in go nowherego nowhere set apartset apart take chargetake charge put up withput up with


1. 1. As today’s world is making fantastic progress in science and As today’s world is making fantastic progress in science and

technology, any nation content to rely on past successes will technology, any nation content to rely on past successes will

soon be soon be ___________.___________.

2. 2. Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college Though she was only a normal athlete in high school, in college

her ability allowed her toher ability allowed her to__________ __________ and become a starand become a star

left left behindbehind

rise aboverise above


3. 3. After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon After replacing a wounded artillery general, Napoleon

____________ ____________ at the young age of 24 by seizing rebellious at the young age of 24 by seizing rebellious

Toulon Toulon (( 土伦土伦 ))..

4. 4. I wish I I wish I ____________________________________ both intelligence and good looks, both intelligence and good looks,

but overall I think it’s more important to be smart than pretty.but overall I think it’s more important to be smart than pretty.

made historymade history

were endowed withwere endowed with


make historymake history rise aboverise above leave behindleave behindfocus onfocus on come up withcome up with be endowed withbe endowed withbuild uponbuild upon put input in go nowhere go nowhere set set apartapart take chargetake charge put up withput up with



6. 6. This approach is This approach is ____________________________. We had better come up with a . We had better come up with a

new way of dealing with this problem.new way of dealing with this problem.

going nowheregoing nowhere




5. 5. I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not I enjoy my work, but my boss bothers me so much that I’m not

sure how much longer I’ll be able to sure how much longer I’ll be able to ____________ ____________ him.him.put up withput up with


7. 7. As the name suggests, the book As the name suggests, the book Greatness: Who Makes History Greatness: Who Makes History

and Whyand Why is supposed to is supposed to ________ ________ what enables some people to what enables some people to

go down in history.go down in history.

8. 8. This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reported to This psychology professor’s study of great figures is reported to

____________ over ten years of research.____________ over ten years of research.

focus onfocus on

were built onwere built on





9. 9. I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You I think your grades are low because you don’t study enough. You

really need to really need to ______________ more time studying if you expect to do more time studying if you expect to do

well.well.10. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to 10. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to

____________ ____________ new ideas to sell the same old products.new ideas to sell the same old products.

put input in

come up withcome up with








11. I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to 11. I think it’s the teacher’s responsibility to ________________________ of the of the

class, not to always ask the students what they want to do.class, not to always ask the students what they want to do.

12. The qualities that truly 12. The qualities that truly ___ ___ Winston Churchill Winston Churchill _____ _____ were his were his

determination and his ability to inspire others.determination and his ability to inspire others.

take chargetake charge

setset apartapart

ListeningListening

《听说教程 IV 》 : Part 2.2, Part 2.2, p. 4p. 4

《听说教程 IV 》 : Part 2.2, Part 2.2, p. 4p. 4

ListeningListening

Check-upCheck-upCheck-upCheck-up

Directions:Directions: Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the missing parts. Then listen to it for the third time and missing parts. Then listen to it for the third time and answer the questions.answer the questions.

Answering the following question before listening to the Answering the following question before listening to the conversationconversation

1.1. How do you get on with your leaders?How do you get on with your leaders?

2.2. What kind of abilities do you want for your leaders to What kind of abilities do you want for your leaders to

have?have?

A: A: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. As you all know, it’s Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. As you all know, it’s

nearly time for us to get our new leaders. nearly time for us to get our new leaders.

1)_________________________________________________,1)_________________________________________________,

and she is going to give us a little preview of and she is going to give us a little preview of

2)_____________________ various nations around our 2)_____________________ various nations around our

planet are ordering.planet are ordering.

B:B: Well, I can’t 3)____________________, you know – that Well, I can’t 3)____________________, you know – that

would be against regulations. But I can tell you some would be against regulations. But I can tell you some

exciting changes are in store.exciting changes are in store.

A: A: Aha! So the new models are radically different from our Aha! So the new models are radically different from our

current leaders?current leaders?

ListeningListening

Our guest tonight is vice president of the Leader FactoryOur guest tonight is vice president of the Leader Factory

What types of leadersWhat types of leaders

really reveal too muchreally reveal too much

B: B: Most of them, yes. Times are changing, after all, and the Most of them, yes. Times are changing, after all, and the

features being ordered reflect that. Economies all over the features being ordered reflect that. Economies all over the

planet are in good condition, so most countries have asked planet are in good condition, so most countries have asked

for less thrift and more optimism. And there is also 4) for less thrift and more optimism. And there is also 4)

__________________ towards leaders with striking physical __________________ towards leaders with striking physical

features that will be more impressive at summit meetings.features that will be more impressive at summit meetings.

A: A: Oh, that sound exciting! 5)_____________________________Oh, that sound exciting! 5)_____________________________

B: B: I shouldn't, really – but one nation has ordered wings for I shouldn't, really – but one nation has ordered wings for

their leader. And there will be a lot of exciting new colors this their leader. And there will be a lot of exciting new colors this

year.year.

ListeningListening

QuestionsQuestionsQuestionsQuestions

an interesting trendan interesting trend

Can you give us a few examples?Can you give us a few examples?

Answer the following questionsAnswer the following questions

1.1. Where do they get their new leadersWhere do they get their new leaders??

2.2. Who is the guest speaker today?Who is the guest speaker today?

3.3. What is she going to talk about?What is she going to talk about?

4.4. Why can’t the guest speaker tell the listeners too much Why can’t the guest speaker tell the listeners too much

about what types of leaders various nations are ordering?about what types of leaders various nations are ordering?

5.5. Why have most countries asked for leaders with less thrifty Why have most countries asked for leaders with less thrifty

and more optimist features?and more optimist features?

6.6. Why do people want leaders with striking physical Why do people want leaders with striking physical

features?features?

ScriptScriptScriptScript

ListeningListening

ListeningListening

A: A: Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. As you all know, it’s Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. As you all know, it’s

nearly time for us to get our new leaders. Our guest tonight nearly time for us to get our new leaders. Our guest tonight

is vice president of the Leader Factory, and she is going to is vice president of the Leader Factory, and she is going to

give us a little preview of what types of leaders various give us a little preview of what types of leaders various

nations around our planet are ordering.nations around our planet are ordering.

B:B: Well, I can’t really reveal too much, you know Well, I can’t really reveal too much, you know —— that would that would

be against regulations. But I can tell you some exciting be against regulations. But I can tell you some exciting

changes are in store.changes are in store.

A: A: Aha! So the new models are radically different from our Aha! So the new models are radically different from our

current leaders?current leaders?

B: B: Most of them, yes. Times are changing, after all, and the Most of them, yes. Times are changing, after all, and the

features being ordered reflect that. Economies all over the features being ordered reflect that. Economies all over the

planet are in good condition, so most countries have asked planet are in good condition, so most countries have asked

for less thrift and more optimism. And there is also an for less thrift and more optimism. And there is also an

interesting trend towards leaders with striking physical interesting trend towards leaders with striking physical

features that will be more impressive at summit meetings.features that will be more impressive at summit meetings.

A: A: Oh, that sound exciting! Can you give us a few examples?Oh, that sound exciting! Can you give us a few examples?

B: B: I shouldn't, really I shouldn't, really —— but one nation has ordered wings for but one nation has ordered wings for

their leader. And there will be a lot of exciting new colors this their leader. And there will be a lot of exciting new colors this

year.year.

1.1. Review Text AReview Text A

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• ClozeCloze (Ex. IX, p. 16)(Ex. IX, p. 16)

•• Translation Translation ((Ex. X& XIEx. X& XI, p. 17), p. 17)

3.3. Structured Writing (Ex.XIII, p. 19)Structured Writing (Ex.XIII, p. 19)

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

Documents

Unit 1: Part A 21st Century College English: Book 4 Who Is Great?