Unit 1: Introduction to Athletic Training

What is an Athletic TrainerWhat is an Athletic Trainer

““The Certified Athletic Trainer is a The Certified Athletic Trainer is a highly educated and skilled (allied highly educated and skilled (allied healthcare) professional specializing in healthcare) professional specializing in health care for the physically active”health care for the physically active”

Additional InformationAdditional Information

Athletic Trainers work under the “direction” Athletic Trainers work under the “direction” of a physicianof a physician

Education follows the “medical model”Education follows the “medical model”– 11ststyr basic science; 2yr basic science; 2ndndyr clinical instruction; yr clinical instruction;

33rdrd/4/4ththyr hands-on trainingyr hands-on training– Problem solving, continuing education, & Problem solving, continuing education, &

hands-on-learning are stressedhands-on-learning are stressed

70% of ATs have master’s or higher70% of ATs have master’s or higher

History of Athletic TrainingHistory of Athletic Training

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 202019301900

- 1950: NATA Officially Formed in Kansas City

-1969: AMA Recognizes Importance of AT’s

- 1959: 1st UG Curriculum Approved

- 1972: 1st Grad Curriculum Approved

- 1970: 1st Certification Exam

-2004: Elimination of Internship Route to Certification

-1990: AMA Recognizes AT asan Allied Health Profession

-1998: AMA Recommends AT’s for Every School w/ Sports

- Late 19th Century: First “trainers” w/ no medical background

- 1932: Cramer publishes ‘First Aider’- 1938-1944: NATA “established”

- 1974: 4,500 members

- 2015: 45,000+ members

Exercise PhysiologyExercise Physiology

BiomechanicsBiomechanics

Sports PsychologySports Psychology

Sports NutritionSports Nutrition

Strength & ConditioningStrength & Conditioning

CoachingCoaching

Personal Fitness TrainingPersonal Fitness Training

Performance Enhancement

Injury Care &Management

Practice of MedicinePractice of Medicine

Athletic TrainingAthletic Training

Physical TherapyPhysical Therapy

Massage TherapyMassage Therapy

Sports DentistrySports Dentistry

Sports ChiropracticSports Chiropractic

Podiatry/OrthoticsPodiatry/Orthotics

EMT’sEMT’s

Primary Team MembersPrimary Team Members

Team Physician/Primary Care Team Physician/Primary Care PhysicianPhysician

Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC)Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC)

Athletic Training Student/s (ATS)Athletic Training Student/s (ATS)

CoachCoach

AthleteAthlete

ParentParent

Team Physician Team Physician Focus Box 1-3Focus Box 1-3

Similar philosophy – can ‘interview’ for this Similar philosophy – can ‘interview’ for this positionposition

Duties:Duties:– Ensure a complete medical hx is filed for each Ensure a complete medical hx is filed for each

athleteathlete– Diagnose & tx Diagnose & tx – Direct/advise ATDirect/advise AT– If possible, attend all games & practicesIf possible, attend all games & practices– Decide when an athlete should be disqualifiedDecide when an athlete should be disqualified– Work closely w/ school admin & staffWork closely w/ school admin & staff

AT & Coach RelationshipAT & Coach RelationshipMust be patient & respect coachesMust be patient & respect coaches

Develop the relationship over timeDevelop the relationship over time

Avoid questioning coaching decisionsAvoid questioning coaching decisions

Coach needs to understand Coach needs to understand AT & Team AT & Team DocDoc have the have the last word last word on the health & on the health & wellbeing of athleteswellbeing of athletes– AD needs to be back this upAD needs to be back this up

Communicate:Communicate:– Keep the coach in the loop & involve them in Keep the coach in the loop & involve them in

decisions when appropriatedecisions when appropriate

Coach’s RoleCoach’s Role

Properly plan the activity & provide proper Properly plan the activity & provide proper instructioninstruction

Warn of inherent Warn of inherent

risks & provide safe risks & provide safe

physical environmentphysical environment

Provide adequate Provide adequate

& proper equipment& proper equipment

Coach’s Role Cont.Coach’s Role Cont.

Match athletes appropriatelyMatch athletes appropriately

Evaluate athletes for injury Evaluate athletes for injury or incapacityor incapacity

Supervise activity closelySupervise activity closely

Provide Provide appropriateappropriate emergency assistanceemergency assistance

Ancillary Team MembersAncillary Team MembersSpecialist Physicians (Orthopedist, Podiatrist, Specialist Physicians (Orthopedist, Podiatrist, Dentist)Dentist)Physical TherapistsPhysical TherapistsCertified Strength & Conditioning SpecialistCertified Strength & Conditioning SpecialistChiropractorChiropractorNutritionistNutritionistEmergency Medical Services (EMT, Paramedic)Emergency Medical Services (EMT, Paramedic)Exercise PhysiologistsExercise PhysiologistsSport PsychologistsSport PsychologistsSchool AdministratorsSchool AdministratorsSchool NurseSchool Nurse

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

College Health Services:College Health Services:– Medical ClinicMedical Clinic– Counseling OfficeCounseling Office

Nurse:Nurse:– RN:RN: registered nurse (4yrs); work under MD; OC registered nurse (4yrs); work under MD; OC

has programhas program– LPN:LPN: licensed practical nurse (1yr); work under licensed practical nurse (1yr); work under

RN or MD; OC has programRN or MD; OC has program– NP or ARNP:NP or ARNP: advanced registered nurse advanced registered nurse

practitioner (6+yrs); WA – work independently; practitioner (6+yrs); WA – work independently; UW has programUW has program

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

Physician: Physician: (Focus Box 1-4; pg30)(Focus Box 1-4; pg30)

– MD:MD: medical doctor; medical doctor; choose the right specialtychoose the right specialty– DO:DO: doctor of osteopath; trained doctor who doctor of osteopath; trained doctor who

uses a holistic approachuses a holistic approach

Dentist:Dentist:– DDS or DMD:DDS or DMD: available for emergency careavailable for emergency care; ;

fitting mouth guards?; preseason dental exam?fitting mouth guards?; preseason dental exam?

Podiatrist:Podiatrist:– DPM: DPM: foot doctor; orthotics; biomechanics; foot doctor; orthotics; biomechanics;

surgery surgery

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

Sport Psychologist:Sport Psychologist:– Psychological strategies for athletes; rehab; Psychological strategies for athletes; rehab;

performance enhancement (8*yrs)performance enhancement (8*yrs)

Massage Therapist:Massage Therapist:– NCBTMB: Natl Cert Board for Therapuetic NCBTMB: Natl Cert Board for Therapuetic

Massage & Bodywork; (500-600hrs + state Massage & Bodywork; (500-600hrs + state license)license)

Occupational Therapist:Occupational Therapist:– OT:OT: Improve pt’s ability to perform tasks in daily Improve pt’s ability to perform tasks in daily

life/work (4yrs + OT program + exam)life/work (4yrs + OT program + exam)

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

Biomechanist:Biomechanist:– Expert in how the body moves; (4+yrs)Expert in how the body moves; (4+yrs)

Exercise Physiologist:Exercise Physiologist:– Provide input on training programs; body comp Provide input on training programs; body comp

analysis; nutritional considerations; assess CV & analysis; nutritional considerations; assess CV & metabolic effects of exercise (4+yrs)metabolic effects of exercise (4+yrs)

Nutritionist:Nutritionist:– Provide counseling, education, and diets (4+yrs)Provide counseling, education, and diets (4+yrs)

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

Physician Assistant: Physician Assistant: – PA:PA: 1-2yr program after bachelors; med 1-2yr program after bachelors; med

experience/observation required; ‘B’ avg for pre-experience/observation required; ‘B’ avg for pre-reqs; UW has program; works under MD; path for reqs; UW has program; works under MD; path for some AT’ssome AT’s

Physical Therapist:Physical Therapist:– (D)PT:(D)PT: Evaluate & rehab injuries for broad range Evaluate & rehab injuries for broad range

of patients (8 yrs in 2015)of patients (8 yrs in 2015)

Strength & Conditioning SpecialistStrength & Conditioning Specialist– CSCS:CSCS: Strength Coach; must have bachelors* & Strength Coach; must have bachelors* &

pass test (~$260-450)pass test (~$260-450)

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?EMS:EMS:– First Responder: All of you; basic med First Responder: All of you; basic med

background (~2-6hrs)background (~2-6hrs)

– EMT-BasicEMT-Basic (1): Transport + epi-pen, oxygen (1): Transport + epi-pen, oxygen (TCC: 8-13wks)(TCC: 8-13wks)

– EMT-IntermediateEMT-Intermediate (2 & 3): IV fluids, defib, adv (2 & 3): IV fluids, defib, adv airway tech (EMT-B + 30-350hrs)airway tech (EMT-B + 30-350hrs)

– EMT-Paramedic EMT-Paramedic (4): Admin drugs, interpret (4): Admin drugs, interpret ECG’s; intubate (TCC: 9 mo; 1,250hrs + 1yr as ECG’s; intubate (TCC: 9 mo; 1,250hrs + 1yr as EMT + 2 prereq’s)EMT + 2 prereq’s)

Time for a Referral?Time for a Referral?

Sports Chiropractor:Sports Chiropractor:– DC:DC: Dx & Tx Musculoskeletal DisordersDx & Tx Musculoskeletal Disorders– Should utilize soft tissue, therapeutic exercise, Should utilize soft tissue, therapeutic exercise,

& mobilizations& mobilizations– Look for ACBSP – American Chiropractic Look for ACBSP – American Chiropractic

Board of Sports PhysiciansBoard of Sports Physicians– www.ACBSP.com

AT Employment SettingsAT Employment SettingsTable 1.1 pg 8; Figure 1-3 pg 10Table 1.1 pg 8; Figure 1-3 pg 10

Hospitals/Doctor’s OfficesHospitals/Doctor’s Offices

PT ClinicsPT Clinics

Colleges/UniversitiesColleges/Universities

High SchoolsHigh Schools

Armed Forces/Law EnforcementArmed Forces/Law Enforcement

NASCARNASCAR

RodeoRodeo

X-GamesX-Games

Professional SportsProfessional Sports

Performing ArtsPerforming Arts

IndustrialIndustrial

NASANASA

Job Setting Statistics (2009)Job Setting Statistics (2009)

23% Clinic23% Clinic21% High School21% High School18% College/University 18% College/University 15% Hospitals/Doctors 15% Hospitals/Doctors officesoffices13% work in fitness & rec 13% work in fitness & rec centerscenters5% work in professional 5% work in professional sportssports2% Other settings 2% Other settings (military, police, fire, (military, police, fire, industry)industry)

Clinic

College

HS

Pro

Hospital

Fitness

Other

2009 Job Stats

Gender of AT’s Gender of AT’s (7/05)(7/05)

Salary InformationSalary Information

http://members.nata.org/members1/salarysurvey2012/results2.cfm

http://www.nata.org/sites/default/files/2011-AT-Salaries.pdf

Other Professions AvailableOther Professions Available

Physician’s AssistantPhysician’s Assistant

NurseNurse

Physical TherapistPhysical Therapist

Medical RecordsMedical Records

Massage TherapyMassage Therapy

Strength & Conditioning CoachStrength & Conditioning Coach

X-ray TechX-ray Tech

EMT/ParamedicEMT/Paramedic

AT’s Role: 5 DomainsAT’s Role: 5 Domains

Injury/Illness Prevention & Wellness Protection

Clinical Evaluation & Diagnosis

Immediate & Emergency Care

Treatment & Rehabilitation

Organizational & Professional Well Being

PreventionPrevention

Review and/or conduct PPE’sReview and/or conduct PPE’s– Hx & Complete Physical Hx & Complete Physical

Develop Training & Conditioning ProgramsDevelop Training & Conditioning Programs

Ensure Safe Playing EnvironmentEnsure Safe Playing Environment

Select, Fit, & Maintain Protective EquipmentSelect, Fit, & Maintain Protective Equipment

EducateEducate– Risk factors of activity, diet, lifestyle choices, etcRisk factors of activity, diet, lifestyle choices, etc

Pharmacology KnowledgePharmacology Knowledge

Clinical Evaluation Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosisand Diagnosis

Obtain Obtain Medical History Medical History via interview and/or via interview and/or review of recordsreview of records

Inspect & Palpate Inspect & Palpate involved area/s involved area/s

Perform Specific TestsPerform Specific Tests to area/s to area/s

Formulate clinical impression by Formulate clinical impression by interpreting signs/symptoms interpreting signs/symptoms

Determine appropriate course of actionDetermine appropriate course of action

Communicate w/ sports medicine team & Communicate w/ sports medicine team & refer when necessaryrefer when necessary

Immediate & Emergency CareImmediate & Emergency Care

Conduct initial on-the-Conduct initial on-the-field assessmentfield assessment

Administer appropriate Administer appropriate first aidfirst aid

Establish & follow Establish & follow Emergency Action Emergency Action PlansPlans

Treatment & ReconditioningTreatment & Reconditioning

DesignDesign, , ImplementImplement, & , & SuperviseSupervise Rehab Program Rehab Program

Administer therapeutic Administer therapeutic exercises & modalities to exercises & modalities to facilitate recovery facilitate recovery & & improve functionimprove function

Educate patientsEducate patients

Provide guidance & offer Provide guidance & offer psychosocial intervention when psychosocial intervention when necessarynecessary

Organization & Professional Organization & Professional Health & WellbeingHealth & Wellbeing

Order Equipment & SuppliesOrder Equipment & SuppliesSupervise PersonnelSupervise PersonnelEstablish Policies & ProceduresEstablish Policies & ProceduresKnow & Follow Know & Follow Standards of CareStandards of CareProfessional DevelopmentProfessional DevelopmentRecord KeepingRecord KeepingEducateEducateCounselCounselResearchResearch– Evidence Based PracticeEvidence Based Practice

Do you have what it takes?Do you have what it takes?

Personal Qualities:Personal Qualities:– StaminaStamina– Ability to adaptAbility to adapt– EmpathyEmpathy– Sense of HumorSense of Humor– Ability to Ability to

communicatecommunicate– Intellectual curiosityIntellectual curiosity– EthicsEthics

CommunicationCommunication

Educate the athletes & patients whenever Educate the athletes & patients whenever you canyou can

Patients who are <18 yrs old – require Patients who are <18 yrs old – require communication w/ parentscommunication w/ parents

Communicate w/ other members of Sports Communicate w/ other members of Sports Medicine TeamMedicine Team– Team DocTeam Doc– Individual Family PhysiciansIndividual Family Physicians– School NurseSchool Nurse

NATA Code of EthicsNATA Code of EthicsMembers shall respect the rights, welfare, and Members shall respect the rights, welfare, and dignity of all.dignity of all.

Members shall comply w/ the laws & regulations Members shall comply w/ the laws & regulations governing the practice of athletic training.governing the practice of athletic training.

Members shall maintain and promote high Members shall maintain and promote high standards in their provision of service.standards in their provision of service.

Members shall not engage in conduct that could Members shall not engage in conduct that could be construed as a conflict of interest or that be construed as a conflict of interest or that reflects negatively on the profession.reflects negatively on the profession.

How to Become a How to Become a Certified Athletic Certified Athletic TrainerTrainer (ATC) (ATC)

In order to attain credential, an ATS must;In order to attain credential, an ATS must;– Graduate from an entry-level, accredited, Graduate from an entry-level, accredited,

ATEP:ATEP:1)1) Bachelor’s program (325+) Bachelor’s program (325+) or or 2)2) Entry level Master’s program (27)Entry level Master’s program (27) By 2022, all programs will be at the Master’s LevelBy 2022, all programs will be at the Master’s Level

– Pass BOC certification examPass BOC certification exam

To retain credential, an ATC mustTo retain credential, an ATC must– Complete 50 hours of continuing education Complete 50 hours of continuing education

units (CEU’s) every 2 yearsunits (CEU’s) every 2 years

Nearest Bachelors ProgramsNearest Bachelors Programs

Whitworth University - WAWhitworth University - WA

Washington State University - WAWashington State University - WA

Eastern Washington University - WAEastern Washington University - WA

Oregon State University - OROregon State University - OR

George Fox University - ORGeorge Fox University - OR

Linfield College - ORLinfield College - OR

Nearest Entry Level MastersNearest Entry Level Masters

California Baptist University – CACalifornia Baptist University – CA

Montana State University (Billings) - Montana State University (Billings) - MTMT

Professional OrganizationsProfessional OrganizationsNational Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA)National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA)– Website – www.nata.orgWebsite – www.nata.org– Headquartered in Dallas, TexasHeadquartered in Dallas, Texas– Establishment of 10 districtsEstablishment of 10 districts

WA, OR, ID, MT, AK = District 10WA, OR, ID, MT, AK = District 10

Board of Certification (BOC)Board of Certification (BOC)– Website – www.bocatc.orgWebsite – www.bocatc.org– Independent organization responsible for national Independent organization responsible for national

certification of AT’s and continuing educationcertification of AT’s and continuing education

State License to Practice State License to Practice – 49 states require a license to practice athletic training49 states require a license to practice athletic training

California – efforts are ongoing California – efforts are ongoing

NATA Member Statistics & Job NATA Member Statistics & Job Availability Projection (2008)Availability Projection (2008)

Projected: 37% increase in employment of Projected: 37% increase in employment of AT’s by 2018 AT’s by 2018

Due to their role in decreasing health care Due to their role in decreasing health care costs & liability, many states are looking to costs & liability, many states are looking to mandate AT’s at every high schoolmandate AT’s at every high school

Expanding into many non-traditional Expanding into many non-traditional settingssettings

Unit SummaryUnit Summary

What is an AT?What is an AT?

How can I become an AT?How can I become an AT?

Name 5 members of the Sports Medicine Name 5 members of the Sports Medicine Team.Team.

Name 3 roles of an AT.Name 3 roles of an AT.

Name 5 areas of employment available for Name 5 areas of employment available for AT’s?AT’s?

What is the professional organization for What is the professional organization for AT’s called?AT’s called?