Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _______

UNIT 1 EOC REVIEW Standard 1.1: Compare and contrast existing models, identify patterns, and use structural and functional evidence to analyze the characteristics of life. Engage in an argument about the designations of viruses as non-living based on the characteristics of life. 1. What are the seven characteristics of life?

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

c. ________________________________________

d. ________________________________________

e. ________________________________________

f. ________________________________________

g. ________________________________________

2. What characteristics does a virus NOT have that prevent it from being a living

organism?

Standard 1.2: Identify positive tests for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Match the following molecules with their reagent, and positive test result below.

1. Monosaccharide ________

2. Starch (polysaccharide) _______

3. Lipid ________

4. Protein ________

5. Lipid (reagent) ________

A. Sudan IV; colorless to bright red

B. Benedict’s Solution; blue to burnt

orange

C. Paper bag test; brown paper becomes translucent

D. Iodine; brown/yellow to a dark purple

E. Biuret’s Reagent; blue to lavender (light purple)

Standard 1.2: Identify the cellular organelles associated with major cell processes. 6. Use your textbook to define the following terms:

a. Cell

b. Cell theory

c. Eukaryotic Cell

d. Nucleus

e. Organelle

f. Plasma Membrane

g. Prokaryotic Cell

7. Using the terms below, write each term in the table under the heading that best describes it.

Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Flagella Golgi Body

Lysosome Mitochondria Nucleolus Ribosome Vacuole

Cell Structure (5) Related to Genetic

Material (2) Food, Storage, and

Waste (5) Energy (2)

8. Identify the part of the cell that corresponds to each function described.

A. Directs cell processes; contains the cell’s DNA; stores information for cell growth, function, and reproduction

B. Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

C. Helps manufacture proteins

D. Produces ribosomes inside the nucleus

E. Site of ribosome attachment; can be smooth or rough

F. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport outside the cell

G. Membrane-bound storage area within the cell

H. Vesicle that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles

I. Structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division

J. Converts fuel particles (sugars) into useable energy

K. Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis

L. Gives support to plant cells

M. Projections that allow the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell

9. Compare and Contrast the cell parts found in the following categories.

Plant Cells Only Both Plants and Animals Animal Cells Only

Standard 1.3 Integrate evidence to develop a structural model of a DNA molecule.

Using the model, develop and communicate an explanation for how DNA swerves as a

template for self-replication and encodes biological information.

Complete the diagram and answer the questions below.

All nucleotides have

In DNA it is In DNA they are and in RNA it is and in RNA they are

Characteristics of Nucleotides

Five carbon _________

A negative __________

__________

One of four __________

_________

1. Use your book or dictionary to define the following terms.

a. _____ DNA polymerase

b. _____ Okazaki fragment

c. _____ Semiconservative replication

a. Enzyme that creates chemical bonds between nucleotides using a DNA strand as a template.

b. Small segment of DNA made as DNA polymerase copies DNA 3’ to 5’ on the lagging strand.

c. Method of DNA replication in which strands separate, serve as templates, and produce

DNA molecules each containing one original strand and one new strand.

2. Complete the table below on the role of each protein in DNA replication.

Protein Stage of DNA

Replication Activity

DNA Helicase Unwinding Unwinds and unzips DNA DNA Ligase

DNA Polymerase Forms new strand by base pairing; removes RNA primer and fills in with DNA

RNA Primase Unwinding

Single-stranded binding protein

1.4 Demonstrate how DNA sequence information is decoded through transcriptional and translational processes within the cell in order to synthesize proteins. Examine the relationship of structure and function of various types of RNA and the importance of this relationship in these processes. 1. Write the correct term in the left column for each definition below.

__________ process in which RNA is synthesized from DNA __________ a group of three nitrogenous bases in DNA or mRNA that code for one amino acid __________ nucleic acid made of ribose, phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases-adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil __________ process by which mRNA directs the synthesis of a protein __________ long strands of RNA that are complementary to one strand of DNA __________ small RNA molecules that transport amino acids to the ribosome __________ an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of mRNA using DNA as a template __________ RNA molecules that make up part of the ribosome

2. Compare and contrast RNA and DNA by writing at least five characteristics of their

structure and composition of the Venn Diagram.

3. State the central dogma of biology.

4. Complete the function of each type of RNA molecule by completing the table.

Type of RNA Function mRNA

rRNA

tRNA

Directs the synthesis of

Both

RNA DNA

Codes for

Standard 1.5: Research examples that demonstrate the functional variety of proteins and construct an argument based on evidence for the importance of the molecular structure to its function. Directions: Match the following terms with the correct definition.

a. Activation energy b. Active site c. Catalyst d. Enzyme

e. Product f. Reactant g. Substrate

1. _______ Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a biological process 2. _______ Substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction 3. _______ Location where the substrate binds on an enzyme 4. _______ Reactant that binds to an enzyme 5. _______ Starting substance in a chemical reaction 6. _______ Substance formed during a chemical reaction 7. _______ Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical

reaction

8. Label the sides of the following equation as either products or reactants.

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O _________ _________

9. Compare what happens to energy in exothermic and endothermic reactions by

completing the diagram below.

Exothermic Reaction

Endothermic Reaction

During the reaction, energy is…

During the reaction, energy is…

As a result, the energy of

the product is ________

than the energy of the

reactants.

As a result, the energy of

the product is ________

than the energy of the

reactants.

10. Summarize key characteristics of an enzyme by completing the organizer below.

11. Analyze how an enzyme works by completing the following paragraph.

Enzyme New Bonds Active Site Reactants

Shape Substrates Size For a substrate to bind with a particular enzyme, the _______________ and

______________ of the substrate must match of the enzyme’s _____________

___________. In the enzyme-substrate complex, chemical bonds in the

__________________ are broken and _________ _________ form. The results of the

interaction between an enzyme and its ________________ are products, which are released by

the _________________.

Composed of….

Activity level affected by….

Reusable?

Purpose….

Participates in how many different types of reactions?

Enzymes

Standard 1.6: Create a model for the major events of the eukaryotic cell cycle, including mitosis. Compare and contrast the rates of cell division in various eukaryotic cell types in multicellular types. Match the following terms with the appropriate definition. 1. Cell Cycle ________

2. Chromatin ________

3. Chromosome ________

4. Cytokinesis ________

5. Interphase ________

6. Mitosis ________

a. The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, carries out normal functions, and copies its DNA.

b. The sequence of events by which cells grow and divide.

c. Structure in the nucleus that contains the genetic material.

d. The stage of the cell cycle during which the nucleus and nuclear material divide.

e. The relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus.

f. The stage of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides and a new cell is created.

7. Complete the diagram of the cell cycle. Describe the main events in each stage

underneath/above/beside each box. The first box has been filled in for you.

Mitosis

The Cell Cycle

8. List the four stages of mitosis.

a. __________________

b. __________________

c. __________________

d. __________________

9. Identify the phases of mitosis in the picture below.

10. Compare and contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.

Cytokinesis in Plants Both Cytokinesis in Animals

Standard 1.7: Utilize a model of a cell plasma membrane to compare to the various types of cellular transport and rest predictions about the movement of molecules into or our of a cell based on the homeostasis of energy and matter in a cell. Match the following terms with the correct definition. 1. Fluid Mosaic Model _________ 2. Phospholipid Bilayer _________ 3. Selective Permeability _________ 4. Transport Protein _________ A. A key property of the plasma membrane that allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out B. Protein that moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane into or out of the cell C. Structural model of the plasma membrane where phospholipids and proteins float within the surface of the membrane D. Large molecules with a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group, arranged tail to tail in two layers 5. Model the plasma membrane. Label each part, and describe the function of that part. (Parts: phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol, receptors).

6. Model a cell in a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution. Underneath each model, summarize the effect of each solution on the cell. Hypertonic Solution Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution Isotonic Solution Hypottonic Solution

Standard 1.8 & 1.9: Create a model of photosynthesis demonstrating the net flow of matter and energy into a cell. Use the model to explain energy transfer from light energy into stored chemical energy in the product. 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. Which type of cell(s) does cellular respiration take place? 3. Compare and summarize the three stages of cellular respiration.

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

Breaks down/produces:

Occurs in:

# of ATP Produced:

4. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 5. Which type of cell does photosynthesis take place?

6. Compare the two stages of photosynthesis by putting each phrase into the correct part of the table.

• Forms stored energy

• Makes NADPH

• Makes sugar

• Needs sunlight

• Occurs in the chloroplast

• Occurs in the dark

• Uses Calvin Cycle

• Uses ETC

Light-Dependent Reactions Both Light-Independent Reactions

7. Label the diagram below. Include: Granum, Stroma, and Thylakoid

8. Draw a diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

UNIT 2 EOC REVIEW Standard 2.1: Predict how population changes of organisms at different trophic levels affect an ecosystem. 1. Compare the terms in the tables by defining them side by side.

Habitat Niche

Abiotic Factor Biotic Factor

Symbiosis

2. Use the vocabulary words below to list the biological levels from LARGEST to SMALLEST.

Biological community Biome Ecosystem Population Biosphere Organism

Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

Predation

3. Using the terms from #2, identify each level of organization that is described. ____________________ a group of organisms of the same species in the same geographic location (same species, same place, same time)

____________________ interacting populations

____________________ an individual living thing made of cells

____________________ all of the different biomes combined

____________________ all the different populations in a community

____________________ a group of ecosystems with the same climate and similar communities

4. Summarize 3 ways that organisms get energy, by completing the table.

Types of Organism Autotrophs

Other Names Consumers,

herbivores,

carnivores,

scavengers,

omnivores

No other name

Food comes From a.

b.

c.

Examples Plants Bears, Lions, Deer Fungi

5. Use the food chain below to answer the following question.

a. Predict what would happen to the population size of EACH TROPHIC LEVEL if another

secondary consumer were added to this (i.e. a mouse).

i. Grass:

ii. Grasshopper:

iii. Shrew:

iv. Owl:

Standard 2.2: Interpret the relationship between environmental factors and fluctuations in

population size.

Match the following terms with the appropriate definition. 1. Limiting Factor _______

2. Carrying Capacity _______

3. Density-dependent factor _______

4. Density-independent factor _______

5. Emigration _______

6. Immigration _______

7. Population density _______

8. Population growth rate ________

a. Speed at which a population grows b. The number of organisms per unit area c. When species move away from a population d. The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the long term e. Factors in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area f. Any abiotic or biotic factor that restricts the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms g. Factors in the environment that do not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area h. When species move into a population

9. Identify each pattern of dispersion represented below.

a. b. c.

10. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they

a. Reproduce at different times b. Eat less

c. Increase their populations d. Occupy different niches

11. What occurs in a population as it grows?

a. The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate.

b. The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases.

c. The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate.

d. The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.

12. As resources in a population become less available population growth

a. Declines rapidly b. Increases slowly

c. Reaches carrying capacity d. Enters a phase of exponential growth

13. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

a. Average temperature of the ecosystem b. Type of soil in the ecosystem c. Number and kinds of predators in the

ecosystem d. Concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

Standard 2.3: Determine how the carrying capacity of an ecosystem is affected by interactions

among organisms.

1. Identify four main factors in a population’s growth rate. a.

b.

c.

d.

2. Compare the general shapes of the curves of population growth graphs.. Label the following

terms (if applied): a. Lag phase b. Exponential growth phase c. Carrying capacity

DESCRIBE WHAT EACH GRAPH SHOWS!

Exponential Population Growth Logistic Population Growth

3. A population of rabbits is below the carrying capacity in a forest habitat that has many resources and

few predators. Which statement best describes what could happen to the rabbit population during a period of time?

a. The population of rabbits will remain stable. b. Some rabbits will migrate to find additional resources. c. The rabbits will become more susceptible to disease which will decrease the population. d. The population of rabbits will increase the absence of adverse environmental pressures.

4. The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on a(n)

a. Logistic growth curve b. Exponential growth curve

c. Demographic curve d. Age-structure curve

5. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the

a. Death rate may rise b. Birthrate may rise

c. Death rate must fall d. Birthrate must fall

6. When the birthrate in a population becomes higher than the death rate, the population growth rate

a. Increases b. Levels off

c. Decreases d. Increases, then levels of

Standard 2.4 Predict how various types of human activities affect the environment.

Match the following terms with the appropriate definition.

1. Biodiversity _____

2. Biological magnification _____

3. Edge effect _____

4. Eutrophication _____

5. Habitat fragmentation _____

6. Introduced species _____

7. Overexploitation _____

a. The separation of an ecosystem into small pieces of land

b. Excessive use of a species, often leading to extinction

c. The increased concentration of toxic substances in organisms at a high trophic level in the food

chain

d. Water pollution that occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorous flow into waterways

e. Nonnative species that are transported to a new habitat

f. Different environmental conditions along an ecosystem’s boundaries

g. The variety of species in a particular area

8. Use the terms below to fill in the paragraph.

Mass Extinction Ecosystems Background Extinction Mass Extinction

_________________________ is slow and gradual. It is caused as __________________________

change by natural processes. A ___________________________ is an event in which extinctions

increase dramatically. Some scientists believe we are in a period of

________________________________ today.

9. Explain why carnivores are subject to biological magnification of substances like DDT and PCBs. (Pg. 126 in book)

Standard 2.5: Make inferences about how a specific environmental change can affect the

amount of biodiversity.

1. Describe the effects of each change in habitat on a species of animals.

Edge Effects

Introduced Species

Pollution

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Loss

2. Imagine a habitat near you. Hypothesize what would happen to the ecosystem if one species died out. Support your reasoning with information from this section (5.2).

Standard 2.6: Predict how a specific environmental change may lead to the extinction of a

particular species.

1. Define the following terms

a. Tolerance:

b. Limiting factors:

2. Predict how an unusually prolonged drought might affect a biological community.

Standard 2.7: Analyze factors responsible for the changes associated with biological

succession.

Match the following definitions with the appropriate term.

1. Climax community ______

2. Ecological succession ______

3. Primary succession ______

4. Secondary succession ______

a. Establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no top soil is present.

b. Process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic factors and

biotic factors.

c. Orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been

removed.

d. A stable, mature ecological community with little change in the composition of species.

5. Contrast primary succession and secondary succession. Provide an example of each.

6. Sequence the following steps in the primary succession of a forest by writing each step in the flowchart.

• Perennial herbs and grasses

• Lichens

• Shade-tolerant trees

• Bare rock

• Shrubs and shade-intolerant trees

• Small annual plants

UNIT 3 EOC REVIEW Standard 1.1: Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 1. Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells by putting the phrases in the chart

below.

• Bacteria

• Have loose strands of DNA

• Have a nucleus

• Have membrane-bound organelles

• Multicellular organisms

• Unicellular organisms

• Do not have membrane-bound organelles

• Contain ribosomes

• Contain DNA

• Contain Cell Membrane

• DNA located in the nucleus

• Contain cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cell

2. There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the

following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome

3. Which of these best completes this concept map? A. an animal cell B. a prokaryotic cell C. a virus D. a plant cell

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _______

4. Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of

the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

A. The organism’s color and mass. B. The organism’s internal structures. C. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular. D. The methods the organism uses to feed and move.

5. A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus,

lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell? A. A prokaryotic animal cell B. A prokaryotic plant cell C. A eukaryotic animal cell D. A eukaryotic plant cell

6. Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic

A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 4 C. 3 only D. 4 only

7. Using the images below, identify each as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Standard 3.3: Distinguish among proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

1. Compare the composition and function of the four major groups of macromolecules by

completing the table below.

Group Composition Function

Amino acids made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen,

and sometimes sulfur

Nucleic Acids

Store energy; provide structural support

Store energy; provide steroids; waterproof coatings

2. Evaluate the number of molecules of each element in the carbohydrate described by the

formula below. C6H12O6

Carbon: ___________ Hydrogen: __________ Oxygen: __________ Ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: ________________ Type of carbohydrate (monomer): ____________________________

3. Describe nucleic acids by filling in the following chart.

Units That Make Up Nucleotides

A. B. C.

Function of DNA: Function of RNA:

4. Model the two general shapes of proteins named below.

Pleat Helix

Standard 3.1: Meiosis & Protein Synthesis

1. In fertilization, gametes fuse to form a(n) _____.

2. Stem cells are _____.

3. A dove has a diploid number of 16 chromosomes. How many possible distributions of

chromosomes can occur in the homologous pairs of a dove’s gametes?

4. A zygote becomes an embryo through the process of _____.

5. What are ribosomes made of?

6. Proteins are made of polypeptide chains. Polypeptide chains are composed of __

7. What does tRNA carry?

8. What role does DNA play in protein synthesis?

Standard 3.3: Coding

1. A codon is a three-base segment of _____ that specifies a specific _____ to be added

to protein.

2. How many codons are in the following

segment of mRNA? UUG CGA UUU

3. Which of the following corresponds to

the codon CCA?

4. Which of the following is a STOP codon?

5. Which codon specifies the amino acid

sequence: Asparagine-Valine-Histidine?

Standard 3.3: Mutations 1. Draw the following mutations

Mutation Draw It What can it cause? Deletion

Addition

Translocation

Missense

2. A change in the chromosome structure caused by radiation, chemicals, pollutants

or during replication is a(n) _____.

3. Which genetic disease is recessive and causes lung infections through mucous buildup in the lungs?

4. Which genetic disease is characterized by failure of the blood to clot?

5. Which genetic disease can suddenly appear in a family to a mother over the age of 35?

6. Draw and label each of the shapes in a pedigree. Shape Meaning Male

Affected Female

Standard 3.1: Punnett Squares 1. What does the principle of segregation state?

2. Solve the following Punnett Squares.

a. Father is Homozygous Dominant for brown hair, and the mother is heterozygous for brown hair. What is the probability that their child will have blonde (bb) hair?

b. What is the probability of a child having red-green color blindness if his father is dominant for color blindness and his wife is a carrier?

c. What is the change that both a man and woman that are heterozygous for brown hair and brown eyes have a blonde haired-blue eyed child?