Unit 1

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Earth has 24 time zones.United States has six.Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern are the four time zones in the continental United States.Think about how the television stations report when your favorite shows come on (ex-7 central)

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The International Dateline located at 180 degrees longitude starts and ends each day based on timeThe pace observatory in Greenwich, England is where all time was based until 1972Today we rely on Coordinated Universal Timewhich the world regulates clocks and time.

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The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. For this reason, the earth is divided into 24 standard time zones, one time zone for each hour in the day.The earth rotates towards the east which means that if you cross into the next time zone to the east, it is one hour later. If you cross into the next time zone in the west, it is one hour earlier.

TIME ZONES

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The International Date Line plays an important role in time zones. It is located at 180 degrees longitude.Crossing the IDL travelling east results in a day or 24 hours being subtracted, so that the traveller repeats the date to the west of the line. Crossing west results in a day being added, that is, the date is the eastern side date plus one calendar day. The line is necessary in order to have a fixed boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances

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You will work on basic knowledge skills concerning timezones and map usage firstNext you will plan a fictional trip starting in New Orleans and ending in New Orleans, but between leaving and returning you will venture to different countries and have to figure out time changes during travel abroad.If you call home, you want to make sure people are awake to talk, right?

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A map is defined as a

representation, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on, or in relation to, the surface of theEarth. tool to communicate geographical concepts such as the distribution of population densities, climate, movement of goods, land use etc

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Data displayDisplaying informationData storesStorage of spatial relationship information between map featureSpatial indexesBoundaries of areas I.e., land use, soil type,etc.Data analysisTest hypotheses by observing spatial relationships between map featuresI.e., clusters of people with certain sicknesse

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Reference mapShows the simplest properties of the map dataOften display political boundaries, streams, roads, and towns

Thematic mapShow colored, grouped, or coded information on a particular theme

Topographicreference tool, showing the outlines of selected natural and man-made features of the Earth

Inset MapOccasionally, data and observations may be densely cluttered in small sections of a mapThe mapmaker provides insets to zoom in to these cluttered location

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Usually colored by country or by statePolitical colors make it easy to compare size, shape, and locationBold letters often make the country names stand outSymbols make it easy to tell capitals from other citiesPolitical maps also name certain physical features, such as rivers and lakes

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Has colors that make natural patterns stand outThe colors on the map can stand for types of vegetation, mountain, and natural featuresNames of big natural features are easy to seePhysical maps also include some political information, such as boundaries

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The climate of a place is the weather it has season by season, year after yearRainfall and temperature are climates main ingredientsClimate is affected by elevation, distance from the ocean, and latitude

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These maps show how land is being used. This might refer to:vegetationcrops being grownforest vs. Agriculture mines and wellscity zoning.

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Contour lines represent the elevation at that line. If you were to walk across a line, you are changing elevation.

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Maps that show elevation change by using color or shading.

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What is the average elevation of most of this state?

Elevation Map

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Elevation Map

*What is the elevation of the San Joaquin Valley?

Elevation Map

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These maps generally represent a small area with a lot of detail. They show elevation with contour lines, natural and man-made features.

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This map represents a small area with lots of detail. It has contour lines as well as natural and man-made features. _______________This map uses colors to show height above sea level. ____________________________These colorful maps show lines that people use to divide countries and states. They also show major cities. _____________________These maps show physical features on the Earth like rivers, mountains, and deserts. ____________________________ These maps show how land is being used. For example, they might show which crops are being grown or what animals are being raised. __________________________These maps show climate regions. ___________________

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Geographers use two- and three-dimensional tools to learn about the earth. Geographers use computer-assisted technology to study the use of the earths surface.

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Amap projectionis any method of representing thesurfaceof a sphere or other three-dimensional body on aplane. Map projections are necessary for creatingmaps. All map projections distort the surface in some fashion. map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties

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Projections measure the Earth's surface independently of its geography. Certain properties must be paid attention to:AreaShapeDirectionBearingDistanceScale

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Compromise projection is a projection onto a cylinder. Shows the entire earth on one mapTypesMercaterHomolosineRobinson

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PROJECTIONS:COMPROMISEMercatercylindrical map projection presented by the Belgian geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator, in 1569The shapes of the continents are distorted at the poles and somewhat compressed near the equatorEX) the island of Greenland is actually 1/8 the size of South America

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HomolosineAlso called the interupted mapShows the accurate shapes and sizes of the land, but distance is distorted.

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RobinsonCommon in textbooksShows earth with nearly true sizes and shapes of continents/oceansProblem-Shapes of land near poles appear flat

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Planar ProjectionsProjection on a flat surfaceAlso called Azimuthal projectionDistorts the size and shape

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AzimunthalShows the earth so that a line from the central point to any other point on the map gives the shortest distance between two pointsSize and shape are distorted

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Projection onto a coneShows shape fairly accuratelyDistorts landmasses at the edges of the map

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Which of the following projections would be most useful in comparing the land area of the continents?1.Mercator projection2.Conic projection3.Azimuthal projection4. Interrupted projection

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Identifying parts of a map using the Louisiana State Highway Map

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Mapping BasicsCartographer: one whose job is to create and make maps for different usesCartography: the study of map making

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GPS: Global Positioning System -a space-basedglobal navigation satellite system that provideslocationand time information in all weather, anywhere on Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites

GIS: Geographic information System designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data.In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging ofcartography,statistical analysis, anddatabasetechnology.

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The compass rose is a symbol located on most maps to show directions

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A map legend or key is a part of a map that tells the meaning of symbols found on a map

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MAP

LEGEND

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A map scale is a tool on most maps used to show distance

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Verbal and Graphic representations of map distance scales

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The index tells you where to find a specific place on a map. Depending on the size and type of map you're using, the index can help you locate a city, town, or street.

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Where are the Parish Seats?

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**What is the elevation of the San Joaquin Valley?

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