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Unit 1: Density and connections
STUDENT NOTES PACKET
ABSTRACTThis unit covers the overarching topic of density as well as all of the introductory course work which includes developing inferences from observations and increasing familiarity with the Earth Science Reference Tables.
STUDENT NAME:____________________________________________
NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes PacketAfter Unit 1 you should be able to:
o Understand how to make observations and develop inferences in Earth Science
o Calculate density using the proper units
o Work interchangeably within the density equation to determine mass or volume of a substance
o Understand that density describes how much matter is in a given volume of a solid, liquid, or gas
o Understand the properties of volume and mass
o Understand how substances in a mixture behave when they have unique densities
o Understand that heat expands the volume of a substance and decreases the density, and that cooling a substance decreases the volume and increases the density
o Navigate the reference tables that use density in some way
o Calculate volume and use the water displacement method
o Convert milliliters to cubic centimeters
o Understand that density of a uniform substance does not change regardless of size
o Understand how convection currents form
o Understand the special circumstance surrounding water and density
Unit 1 vocabulary you should be able to use and understand:
o Formulao Masso Volumeo Densityo Gramso Millilitero Centimetero Cubic centimetero Electronic balanceo Water displacemento Ratioo Mattero Contracto Expando Crusto Tectonic plateso Continental crusto Oceanic crusto Convergent boundary
o Observationo Inferenceo Triple Beam Balanceo Elevationo Jovian planetso Terrestrial planetso Convection currents
The scientific method is driven by a balance between making accurate observations and developing reasonable inferences from those observations. This course requires you to think with a scientific mind. Being able to develop sound, evidence-based inferences from observations made in Earth Science will ensure your success.
Making Observations
Observations are made using the five senses:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Of these five, the sense of __________________________ is the most commonly relied upon sense in Earth Science investigations
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NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes Packet
Observations often require the use of _____________________________________________________________ to be accurate. A
scientific instrument is any tool that you can use to make measurements or additional observations.
Examples:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Making Inferences
An inference is an
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For example: A student discovers a very large boulder in upstate New York that does not match local bedrock in the area. An inference could be that the boulder was transported by glaciers. The student observed the differences in bedrock, but did not see glaciers transport the rock, however there is supporting evidence for glaciers covering the area.
Density is a property of matter that is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. Understanding how density impacts the behavior of interacting substances is critical in Earth Science.
The Equation in the Earth Science Reference Tables
Density = -------------------------------------------
Before we get into the equation as a whole, let’s consider the components:
mass and volume
What is mass?
Mass is the ___________________________________________________________________________________________________. It is very
similar to ________________________________ but is not the same.
Object with a high mass: an _________________________________, containing iron
Object with a low mass: a __________________________________
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NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes Packet
What is volume?
Volume is
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Container with a large volume:
_________________________________________________________________
Container with a low volume: __________________________________________________________________
How do you find an object’s mass?
Place the object on an
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A triple beam balance requires you to find the
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How can you determine an object’s volume?
If the object is a _________________________________________________________, like a rectangular prism, the volume can be
determined mathematically by performing the following calculation (-
_________________________________________________________________)
When performing such a calculation, centimeters are used. When multiplied (#cm x #cm x #cm), the appropriate units are
_________________________.
How can you determine an object’s volume?
The second method is _____________________________________________________________.
Measure the preexisting amount of water in a container, then gently place the sample in
the water. Record the
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NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes Packet
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________. This value is the volume of the sample in milliliters
(________________________).
________________________________________, so these units may be used interchangeably, although milliliters are commonly
used for liquids or irregular samples.
Before finally diving into density, let’s consider our earlier examples for understanding mass.
Which is heavier, a pound of iron from the anvil, or a pound of feathers? ________________________________________
A pound of which material would take up the most volume? __________________________________________________
Let’s look back at the equation:
Density = mass/volume
Density is simply the ratio of the amount of mass (matter) inside the space of an object
So in our feathers and anvil example, we can say that the ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sample Problem:
An Earth Science student is trying to determine the density of a sample of basalt she discovered in the field. The sample has a mass of 60 grams and a volume of 20 mL.
What is the density of the sample?
Density = mass / volume
Solution: ____________________________________ g/mL
What if an object is cut in half? Does the density change?
A student has a wooden block that has a mass of 36 grams and a volume of 48 cm3. The density is
_____________________________________________
After cutting the block in half, the mass is now 18 grams, and the volume is 24 cm3. The density is
______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How can the density of a substance change?
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NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes Packet
Density will ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Most materials decrease in density by increasing in volume during ________________________
If the material cools, it will contract and become denser.
What do less dense materials tend to do when mixed with more dense materials?
Less dense materials
____________________________________________________________________
More dense materials
___________________________________________________________________
In liquids and gases, this results in the formation of ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Convection commonly takes place in the _________________________________ and in a layer of the Earth known as the
_________________________________________.
Things to know about density in Earth Science:
1. The Earth is layered based on density, with
_________________________________________________________________________________________, pulled there by gravity
2. Planets _______________________________________________________________ (Terrestrial: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)
_____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ (Jovian:
Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus)
3. When air warms, it will ____________________________ and become
___________________________________________________________________
More things to know about density in Earth Science:
4. When air cools it will _____________________ and become
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Earth’s crust is made up of plates of varying densities. ________________________________________________ (oceanic crust, made
of basalt)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(continental crust, made of granite)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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NYS Regents Earth Science Mr. BurgessUnit 1: Density and Connections Notes Packet
6. The density of liquid water is ___________________________ at about 4 oC, and it decreases as it freezes to ice.
7. Convective circulation caused by #’s 3 and 4 results in hurricane, monsoon, and land and sea breeze formation (covered in
Unit 12)
Relevant Reference Tables for Density
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