Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Grade 9 Science

Chapter 1: Atomic theory explains the

composition and behaviour of matter.

Grade 9 Science... Unit 1

Section 1-1 Safety in the Science Classroom

•Safety MUST be your top priority.•Know safety rules before you do the lab and use them while doing the lab.

Complete activity 1-1A pg. 9

Laboratory Safety

Safety Rules for the Science Labpages 10-11

GeneralGlasswareChemicalsHot plates and open flames

Electrical equipment

WHMIS... Page 12

W workplaceH hazardousM materials I information S system

Hazard Symbols... Page 13

Dangerous Container

Dangerous Contents

Symbol The DangerProduct Examples

Explosive

This container can explode if it's heated or punctured. Flying pieces of metal or plastic can cause serious injuries, especially to the eyes.

•water repellant for shoes or boots in an aerosol container •spray paint in an aerosol container

CorrosiveThis product will burn skin or eyes on contact, or throat and stomach if swallowed.

•toilet bowl cleaner •oven cleaner

FlammableThis product, or its fumes, will catch fire easily if it's near heat, flames or sparks.

•contact adhesives •gasoline

PoisonLicking, eating, drinking, or sometimes smelling, this product will cause illness or death.

•windshield washer fluid •furniture polish

MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet

- A document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with a chemical product.

MSDS HeadingsProduct InformationHazardous Ingredients Physical Data Fire or Explosion Hazard Data Reactivity DataToxicological Properties: health

effects Preventive Measures First Aid Measures Preparation Information

Section 1-2 : Properties of Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.Mass is the amount of matter in a substance or object. Volume is the amount of space a substance or object occupies.

Matter Mind Map!

Matter is made up of elements.

Elements are substances that contain one type of matter and cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances, Oxygen, Lead, Helium …

Describing Matter page 18

1. Physical PropertiesCharacteristics of matter that are often observed or measured.

Can be either qualitative (observed) or quantitative (measured).

•Color•State (s,l,g)•Texture•Density•Magnetism•Lustre (shine)•Malleability•Electrical Conductivity•Melting/Boiling point

2. Chemical PropertiesObserved when substances react with each other.

Determines a substances usefulness.

•Reactivity•Combustibility•Toxicity

VORTEX ACTIVITY

Core Lab Activity 1-2C pg. 20

Physical and Chemical Properties

Check Your Understanding page 23

Complete the Following Questions:

Checking Concepts #1,4,5,6

Understanding Key Ideas # 8 - 13

Section 1-3 : Atomic Theory

The descriptions of matter and how it behaves.Has undergone many modifications as new facts became available.

explanations of events supported by reliable evidence

Atomic theorySubject to change as new evidence becomes available

Theory vs. LawTHEORY LAW

Descriptions of events that have been observed over and over again

Laws of magnetism “likes repel”

High degree of confidence, rarely change

Early ideas...Empedocles: matter was composed of four “elements”; earth, air, water, and fire.

Democritus: eventually a substance will be cut into a piece that can no longer be cut. He called this piece atomos.

Aristotle: very influential theorist of his time agreed with Empedocles and the theory remained on changed for nearly 2000 years!

Development of Atomic Theory

John DaltonHe suggested that the particles that make up matter are like small, hard spheres that are different for different elements.

He defined an atom as the smallest particle of an element.

Dalton’s Model... Billiard Ball Model

J.J. ThomsonHe suggested that all atomsmust contain electrons (negative charge).

His model pictured a positively charged ball with the negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

Thomson’s Model... Raisin Bun Model

Ernest RutherfordHe discovered that atoms have a nucleus.

There are two kinds of particles in the nucleus; protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).

Rutherford’s Model…Planetary Model

Niels BohrHe proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.

Each electron has a particular amount of energy.

Bohr’s Model…Orbital Model

•Rutherford was able to develop Thomson’s model due to the development of new technologies. (gold foil experiment)•The development of cyclotrons and proton accelerators have further developed the model accepted today.

Inside the Atom

Subatomic Particle

Charge

Mass

Location

Proton (p+)

+ Large

Nucleus

Neutron (n)

0 Large

Nucleus

Electron (e-)

- very small

Energy levels outside nucleus

The Atom