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Unit 1. U.S. History . The Dawn of Man. Scientist say humans first emerged 15,000 -30,000 years ago Use radiocarbon dating 15,000 years ago humans crossed a landmass called Beringia These people were Nomads- people traveling place 2 place - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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UNIT 1U.S. History
The Dawn of Man Scientist say humans first emerged 15,000
-30,000 years ago Use radiocarbon dating
15,000 years ago humans crossed a landmass called Beringia These people were Nomads- people traveling
place 2 place 9000-10000 years ago an agricultural
revolution accrued. People grew maize, pumpkins, peppers beans People started to settle in civilizations.
200 A.D. Mayan civilization developed in the Yucatan Peninsula Built temples and developed a
calendar( based on stars Aztecs build a city called Tenochtitlán . It
is in present day Mexico city. Demanded sacrifices from conquered tribes
Native American Cultures Culture depended on the region natives
lived South West Natives (Zuni, Pueblo)- raised
squash, maize and beans Women cared for family and farmed Men farmed also but was manly a warrior
Natives of the Sioux around 1500’s began to use horses for war and hunting.
Eastern Woodlands Indians (east coast) Combined hunting and fishing with farming Used slash and burn agriculture- clear forest
and burn it into the soil Iroquois have large kinship groups
Iroquois fought and eventually formed the Iroquois League to keep the peace
West africa The Sahara- makes up most of the
interior of Africa. The edges of the desert has rolling
grasslands called savannah Islam came about in Africa around the
900’s Followers of Islam are known as Muslims.
Slavery in Africa People who were captured in war became
slaves Slaves would be sold back to their people Or become part of the society where they were
slaves European set up sugar cane plantations on
Mediterranean Island Started slave trading Spain and Portugal set up plantation on west
Africa so work fields Traders also sent slaves to the Americas
Chapter 1 section 4 1095 Pope Urban II called for the crusades.
These military expeditions to regain holy land. Roman empire controlled much of europe for
hundred of years. 500 A.D. the empire had weakened and. This is
called the Middle ages. Feudalism developed as a political system in
Europe because the Roman Empire delcined Feudal system- a political system in which the king
gave estates to nobles in exchange for their military support
Manorialism- economic ties between nobles and peasants.
Most peasants were serfs Serfs worked on the land, they could not leave
the manor without permission. 1000 a.d. with better technology (better plow
and horse collar) people in Europe started producing surplus food. This revived trade in Europe.
New States and technology
Renaissance period began in 1350 A.D. it was a rebirth of interest in learning about the culture of ancient Greece and Rome Started a scientific revolution
Astrolabe- a tool that uses the position of the sun to find direction, latitude, and local time
lateen sails-triangle-shaped sails made it possible for ships to sail against the wind
Cavaral- a ship with multiple sails that was easier to steer and that made travel much faster
Portuguese Exploration Henry the Navigator- set up a school in
Portugal to study astronomy and geography
1420 Portuguese started mapping and exploring Africa.
1488 Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa
Vasco da Gama found a water route to eastern Asia (India) Going east.
Christopher Columbus (Italian)- sailed the Atlantic ocean in 1492 and discovered America. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
Paid for the expedition. 1492 Christopher Columbus left Spain
and sailed across the Atlantic
Columbus conti. Columbus Landed in the Bahamas and
thought it was India. Founded Cuba(thought it was China) and
Hispaniola He brought back gold, parrots, spices, and
Native Americas.
Line of demarcation- imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic Spain controlled everything on the west Portugal controlled everything on the east
Reason for colonization GOD, Glory, and Gold
Fernando Magellan- crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe.
Columbian exchange- was a series of exchanges between native American and Europeans. Food, animals, diseases, and technology.
English brought the horse to the Americas Europeans brought the horse to the
Americas.
England and America England started to colonize America because of
religion and economic changes Martin Luther –accused the church of corruption.
He started the protestant reformation- trying to reform the church. 95 thesis
Henry VIII started a the Anglican church in England because he wanted his marriage annulled.
Puritans wanted to purify all elements of the catholic church out of the Anglican church
King James I would not do this so puritans went to America.
Merchants formed joint stock companies- where they pooled money together to finance big projects. Trade and colonize other places
Sir Walter Raleigh- he landed on a island Roanoke and named it Virginia
Virginia Joint stock company founded Virginia for profit.
Jamestown 1606 Virginia Company settled colony in
(Virginia) called Jamestown . 1st sucessful English colony in america
Cpt. John Smith- began trading with the Powhatan confederacy
Chief Powhatan gave the settlement food. John Rolfe –got a good strand of tobacco
and settlers started making money.
James Town Conti. Virginia company gave colonist the right
to elect there own government called- House of Burgesses-the 1st elected legislative body in colonies
To attract people to Virginia used a term called headright -a system whereby land was given to settlers to entice them to go to Virginia
Maryland 1632 King Charles gave Lord Baltimore
land north of Virginia and he named it Maryland
Maryland is a proprietary colony- where a owner rules the colony and a safe haven for Catholics.
Seperatists Separatist also known as pilgrims left
England because of persecution and went to Holland.
They came to America on a boat called the Mayflower. They landed on a place called Plymouth.
William Bradford was in charge of the pilgrims. A native called Squanto helped them out.
That autumn they had a celebration
Differences in New Englanders
Puritans Originated from
English Reformation. Believed they could
remain in C.O.E. while working to rid it of Catholic practices.
Established Massachusetts Bay Colony. (1630)
Pilgrims Wanted to
“separate” from C.O.E.
Founded Plymouth Colony. (1620)
Puritans came to America because of religious Little tolerance for other religious in Amer.
Half-way covenant- children of church members were admitted to church Children could not vote or take communion
Salem Witch Trials(puritan)- where 19 men, women and children were hanged for witchcraft.
John Winthrop-a puritan who got a charter to create the colony known as Massachusetts
He was also the 1st governor of N.E. Conditions started to get worse in
England so more people started coming over to America. This is called the Great migration
Rhode Island Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson –
both founded Rhode island The charter provided for religious
freedom and the separation of church and state.
Conneticut Thomas Hooker- Moved his entire
congregation from Massachusetts and settled a town called Hartford. He wanted everyone to vote not just church
members
King Philips’s War In 1670, Colonial governments started
demanding Natives follow English law. Natives thought colonist were trying to
destroy their life Plymouth Colony tried to execute 3
Wampanoag warriors. Wampanoag warriors attacked settlers.
This marked the beginning of King Philip’s war.
The effect was few natives were left in New England .
Chapter 2-4
Pennsylvania and Delaware
William Penn was a wealthy Quaker who started the colonies of Pennsylvania and Delaware
Quaker believed religion was a personal experience did not need a minister or church. They were pacifist
Southern Colonies James Oglethorpe founded Georgia . He took people who owed debt out of
English prison and bought them to Georgia.
This colony of Georgia would act as a buffer zone between south Carolina and the Spanish in Florida.
Reason for the French settlement of Quebec was because of Fur trading. Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain
Southern Econmy
The economy depended heavy on agricultural products Tobacco, rice, and Indigo
Plantation -or large commercial estates where many workers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowner.
indentured servant- person who agreed to work for an employer in the colonies in exchange for passage to America
Bacon’s Rebellion Sir William berkeley controlled house of
burgesses and said only land owners could vote.
1675 a war broke out between back country farmers and native Americans. A wealthy farmer named Nathaniel Bacon led back country farmers.
Bacon’s conti. Two things bacon rebellion did:
This showed that land needed to be available to backcountry farmers to keep Virginia. Stable.
Planters stopped using indentured servants and started using slaves.
Slavery in Colony By 1870 10-12 million Africans came to
America The passage across the Atlantic was
known as the middle passage. Africans at first was treated as indentured
servants. Slave codes regulated slavery and
defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people
New England Colonies New England Colonies main industry was
livestock, fishing, and boat building. Triangle trade- three way trade between
Europe ,Africa and the Americas.
Social classes Immerged in the city Merchants (top) Artisians- (2nd) skilled workers (most people) People without skill or property Indentured servants and enslaved Africans.
Middle Colonies Middle Colonies: Farming was the main
industry (wheat). Population increased in England and
made a need for wheat and flour. This made the middle colonies very
wealthy. Dutch owned a port called New
Amsterdam. Charles II of England took over it and renamed it New York
Mercantilism- a country would become more wealthy if it sold more goods than it bought. Would accumulate more gold and silver believed that a country should establish colonies in
order to buy raw materials from the colonies and, in turn, sell them manufactured goods.
Navigation acts- said that all goods carried from the colonies must go on British ships. Massachusetts colonies did obey this act and lost
its charter and making it a royal colony.
Glorious Revolution is when William and Mary (protestant) took the thrown from James II in a bloodless take over.
English bill of rights- was passed and it outlined the powers the king did not have and the people did. (fair jury)
John Locke- “two treatises of Govt.” people had natural rights (life ,liberty, and property) People create government to protect them. In
return they agree to obey the laws. If a government violates the people rights it should
be overthrown.
The Enlightenment Enlightenment a movement that
challenged the authority of the church in science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reason This emphasis on logic and reasoning was
known as rationalism John Locke said people were sinful but society
and education could make a person better. Benjamin Franklin- looked at science which led
to several inventions (lighten rod, bifocals) , also he was a sign for social mobility
Great Awakening Great Awakening a religious movement
that stressed dependence on God and gained appeal among farmers, workers, and enslaved people This rebirth of religious feelings became known as the
Great Awakening. Two preachers of the Great Awakening were Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. Both preachers led religious revivals throughout the colonies.
People needed to be born again (emotional experience with god
Methodist and Baptist Preachers Condemned slavery