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Industrial Revolution Leads to Change
New ideas, changing values, & newfound wealth brought about by the Industrial Revolution will lead to many changes in Europe
People will begin to develop feelings of Nationalism & will want to be the rulers of their own fate during the period of industrialization
The Congress of Vienna
Fall, 1814 Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria (host) Representative of all the states in which Napoleon had
fought Hosted by Austrian emperor Francis I
- Lead by Klemens von Metternich
The Congress of Vienna
Purpose: to keep any one country from becoming too powerful again!
Result: 1. Created new countries & re-drew boundaries for
some existing countries 2. Returned monarchies to power 3. Required that countries meet frequently to keep
the peace
Effects… The decisions made by the conference
caused anger & resentment among many people who didn’t like having their boundaries re-drawn & didn’t like being ruled by strangers
This will be the seed of rebellion that will actually lead to new countries being formed!
Concert of Europe Frequent meetings by European powers to
maintain peace in Europe Principle of Intervention
- Foreign powers could intervene upon another country’s affairs due to a revolution
- Britain refuses
- Austria, Prussia, Russia, & France agree
This intervention policy would take place in Poland & Italy
- Russian forces put down an attempt by Polish citizens to free themselves
- Austrian troops put down revolts in Italy
French Revolution Part Duex Result:
- Universal Male Suffrage- Gives all adult men the right to vote
- Second Republic, 1848
- Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, pres.
(nephew of the Napoleon)!
Italian Unification!
9 Independent Italian states Led by Austria & Prussian Will use revolutionary means to achieve
unification.
Unification of Italy
Guiseppe Mazzini- will encourage revolt & try to organize nationalistic movements
Guiseppe Garibaldi- organized “red shirts” who conquer & unite most of Italy
Italians will eventually succeed through constant revolts to remove Austria & France from control of their lands.
Why Germans Should Unify
1. They shared a common goal 2. They were sick of being kicked around
by stronger countries 3. They developed strong nationalistic
feelings (due to Napoleon & the Congress of Vienna)
Bismarck Unified Germany Otto von Bismarck- Prussian whose goal is
to unify all German speaking states into 1 strong country