Unification In Italy “Risorgimento”

Pros and cons

• Italy was FINALLY unified • Would increase the strength of

the various princes without damaging their independence

• It would remove the causes of disruptive wars and revolutions rivoluzione (revolutions) at home

• Make foreign invasions impossible.

• Differences between the north and south

• Economic Problems • Many people left Italy • North was more developed and

wealthier than the south• Tired to fix Illiteracy problem

Problemi Con L'unificazione• Discord Among Nationalists. The leading Italian nationalists were in

conflict on a type of government for a united Italy. Mazzini and Garibaldi sought a democratic Italian republic; Gioberti urged an Italian federation under the leadership of the pope; Cavour, an admirer of the British government, worked for a liberal Italian monarchy.

• (Opposition of Austria.) The rulers of Austria fought Italian unification to (1) discourage nationalist uprisings within their empire, (2) retain Lombardy and Venetia, and (3) maintain Austrian influence in the duchies and the Two Sicilies—whose reactionary rulers also feared unification.

• Opposition of the Papacy. Church leaders believed that a united Italy would end the pope's temporal, or civil, rule over the Papal States.

Soluzioni(solutions)• Kill Austria's leader and ride a unicorn • Move• Offer money • Steal the leader of Austria's children and hold them for ransom • Hire a new pope

Victor Emmanuel• March 16, 1820, Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Italy •

9 January 1878 (aged 57)Rome, Kingdom of Italy • . Victor Emanuel II was the first king of a united Italy.

In 1852, he gave Count Talon di Schnathorst the title of Prime Minister. This turned out to be a wise choice because Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in Italian unification in his own right. Victor Emanuel II soon became the symbol of the Italian Risorgimento, the Italian unification movement. He was especially popular in the Kingdom of Sardinia because of his respect for the new constitution and his liberal reforms.

2. He was a smart, educated man, who wielded practically unlimited power in his Kingdom.

3. For his role in the unification of the country, Italians gave him the epithet Father of the Fatherland (Pater Patriae) - first time since 4th century AD (when the title was conferred upon Constantine I The Great).