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Report on
UNESCO Sub-Regional Capacity Building Programme, Safeguarding the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the Caribbean
(November 5 – 30, 2012)
Hosted By
The Government of Jamaica
Jamaican National Heritage Trust (JNHT)
Sponsored By
Jamaica National Commission (JNC)
Jamaican National Heritage Trust (JNHT)
Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Cultural Heritage Agency), Holland
Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID), Spain
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Attended By
Dr. Reia Guppy, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad
Mr. Derek Chung, Undersea Tobago Ltd, Tobago
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Report on
UNESCO Sub-Regional Capacity Building Programme,
Safeguarding the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the Caribbean (November 5 – 30, 2012)
1.0 INTRODUCTION In November 2012, the Government of Jamaica, along with the Jamaican National Heritage Trust (JNHT), hosted the first Latin American and Caribbean workshop on Safeguarding the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the Caribbean. This workshop, held in Port Royal Jamaica between 5 – 30 November, 2012, was convened to train individuals from various countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean on underwater cultural heritage (UCH), and not only build capacity in this regard but to establish a regional network for UCH.
1.1 2001 Convention
UCH is defined by the Convention as ‘all traces of human existence having cultural, historical, archaeological character which have been wholly or partially submerged for a minimum of 100 years’. In an effort to protect the world’s underwater historical and cultural heritage, UNESCO adopted the Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in 2001. Under this Convention, it sets out basic principles for protecting UCH, provisions for international cooperation, and practical guidelines for dealing with such heritage.
Countries that have ratified the Convention are expected to prevent the commercial exploitation and destruction of underwater cultural heritage, by so doing they ensure that UCH is preserved and protected for future generations. Additionally, in so doing, they will be able to expand the promotion of the heritage tourism niche, build capacity in the management of UCH, promote the exchange of knowledge regionally and foster good international relations.
St. Lucia was the first country to ratify the Convention within the Caribbean region, in 2007. To date, 15 countries within Latin America and the Caribbean have followed suit, including the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago which did so in July 2012. In so doing, Trinidad and Tobago and other countries have now accepted an obligation to take measures to protect their existing and potential UCH. The nomination and participation of Dr. Reia Guppy (Trinidad) and Mr. Derek Chung (Tobago) in this workshop marks the first steps towards the necessary capacity building in aspiring to this goal.
1.2 Training Workshops
The first ever workshop for UCH was held in Hong Kong in 2003. During this UNESCO Asia-Pacific Regional Workshop, the urgent need was identified for a regional capacity-building programme to prepare countries for the ratification of the Convention and to enable the effective implementation of the Convention.
The regional training programme aimed to instill the capacity building and human resource development through the participation of site managers and national experts nominated by the
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competent national agencies responsible for the safeguarding of underwater cultural heritage. Moreover, trainees were expected to share the skills and knowledge acquired from their training with national experts in their home countries.
Several regional training workshops on UCH have since been undergone within the Asia-Pacific region. Each of these workshops was aimed to establish a regional field training programme in UCH in order to:
1. build regional capacity in the protection and management of UCH through professional training in field techniques
2. provide effective networking among partner Member States by encouraging close collaboration and dissemination of best practices, thereby promoting regional cooperation through exchange of information on the conservation and management of a shared heritage
3. provide the grounds for cooperation with international research and training institution linked to underwater archaeology for further training and research programs
4. prepare Member States in the ratification and implementation of the 2001 Convention and its Annex.
The latest regional workshop was held in Jamaica, aiming to capture the Latin America and Caribbean region. This workshop represented the first training workshop of its kind in the region, aiming to have a geographical scope to encapsulate Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Maarten, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.
2.0 The Caribbean Regional Training Workshop The first regional UNESCO training workshop was held in Port Royal Jamaica, hosted by the Jamaican National Heritage Trust (JNHT). The JNHT was encouraged to organize a regional network activity focus group on maritime archaeology among institutional members who were specialized in underwater cultural heritage.
2.1 The Participants
Representing Trinidad and Tobago were Mr. Derek Chung (Tobago) and Dr. Reia Guppy (Trinidad), nominated by the Tobago Museum and the University of Trinidad and Tobago respectively. Other Attendees of this first workshop (Appendix 1), were individuals from several Caribbean and Latin American countries:
1. Antigua and Barbuda 2. Aruba 3. Barbados 4. Belize 5. Cayman Islands 6. Dominica 7. Dominican Republic 8. Grenada
9. Guyana 10. Jamaica 11. Saba 12. Saint Kitts and Nevis 13. Saint Lucia 14. Saint Maarten 15. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16. Trinidad and Tobago
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Trainers for the course included:
1. Chris Underwood, National Institute of Anthropology, Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected]
2. Dr. Hans K Van Tilburg, Maritime Heritage Coordinator, NOAA Office of Naitonal Marine Sanctuaries, Hawaii, [email protected]
3. Mr. Martign Manders, Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Cultural Heritage Agency), Holland, [email protected]
4. Dr. Margaret Leshikar-Denton, Cayman Islands National Museum, Cayman Islands, [email protected]
5. Mr. Arturo Rey da Silva, UNESCO Paris, [email protected]
6. Mrs. Tatiana Villegas Zamora, UNESCO Cuba, [email protected]
2.2 The course
The curriculum was developed by expert trainers taking as reference the UNESCO Annex Manual and the most relevant training tools available. Primary topics for the course included:
1. 2001 Convention and its Annex 2. Introduction to underwater archaeology 3. Site types and dating of material 4. 2D and 3D survey techniques 5. Assessment of data 6. Project design 7. Remote sensing, area research and position fixing 8. Project logistics and planning 9. Data management in maritime and underwater archaeology 10. Field survey techniques 11. Creating awareness, tourism opportunities and public awareness in the protection of UCH 12. Public archaeology and awareness raising 13. Nautical Archaeology Society (NAS) 14. Shipbuilding techniques and terminology 15. Management of UCH 16. Stakeholders 17. Underwater archaeological resource protection and management 18. Desk-based assessments 19. Site significance assessment 20. Archaeological publications 21. In situ protection, preservation and monitoring 22. Underwater archaeology in the Caribbean 23. Museology 24. Ceramics, conservation and finds handling 25. Geographical information systems (GIS) in underwater archaeology 26. Protective legislation
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The use of specialized software, Site Recorder, was introduced during the programme with all participants downloading and using the free demo software for the course. The full version of the software is only accessible via purchase from www.3hconsulting.com. Site Recorder is utilized by Marine Archaeologists to plot and analyze the data collected in the field, and uses a similar platform as other geographical information systems (GIS) software. This use and understanding of this software is recommended for use of anyone who will be doing marine archaeology.
In addition to the lecture material, participants were required to do 2 group projects, each designed to highlight skills and techniques required for safeguarding the protection and conservation of UCH. These projects were:
• Management plan for Port Royal o participants were divided into 3 working groups, each required to undergo a diving
project on the sunken city of Port Royal o groups each determined their site boundaries without overlap o groups applied various survey techniques to determine the effects of Hurricane Sandy
on the Sunken City o Team leaders required to keep daily logs on both dives and group activities o Groups analyzed data using Site Recorder software o Groups developed independent management plans using their data collected and a
management plan template provided by the Trainers (Appendix 2) • Storyboards for the management UCH in Port Royal (Appendix 3)
o Participants were divided into 6 groups, each required to design a storyboard on one of the following The history of Port Royal Stakeholders Why should we care UCH The UNESCO workshop The potential of Port Royal
o Posters were printed courtesy the JNHT, and presented at the closing ceremony
2.3 The Network
As part of the 2001 Convention, and the expectations for this training workshop, the participants of the workshop created a Facebook account (name: UNESCO Foundation Course – Jamaica 2012). This was established as a first effort in networking our group, participants and trainers alike. Eventually, it is the hope that a webpage will be created for the Caribbean Network for UCH.
3.0 Recommendations for Trinidad and Tobago Discussions with all trainers, persons from the JNHT and other participants within the newly formed Caribbean network, as well as during the lecture series, identified several possibilities and opportunities for Trinidad and Tobago which exist in the short-term and long-term. Four broad categories have been identified which need to be addressed: legislation, capacity building, research, and community involvement. These are discussed below.
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3.1 Short-term
Recommendations for the management of UCH within Trinidad and Tobago that can be addressed within the short-term (<1 yr) centered on the immediate needs for the country, keeping in mind the proposal for the excavation of wrecks in Tobago by the University of Connecticut. As such, the recommendations are as follows:
Legislation
1. Examination of National laws to identify existing scope of protection to UCH
2. Identification of gaps within existing National laws
3. Identification of person(s) within the field of Maritime Law, with interest in UCH
Capacity building
4. Creation of a National Agency charged with the responsibility for the management of UCH. Possible organizations could be:
o the National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago (NTTT; currently focused on terrestrial sites) o the Tobago Trust (currently focused on terrestrial sites) o an academic institution such as the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT)
5. UTT to continue to develop programmes in Marine Archaeology, with the BASc in Coast and Ocean Sciences to include field training in basic underwater archaeology, survey methods, conservation methods, assessment, etc.
6. UTT to develop a short course in field training in basic underwater archaeology, survey methods, and assessment
7. Ensure that both participants of the UNESCO training workshop (Dr. Guppy and Mr. Chung) are involved in the INA project in Tobago, preferably at negotiation of the contract
8. Encourage the active participation of interested organizations and citizens of Trinidad and Tobago in any local UCH projects – potentially interested organizations would include NTTT, Tobago Trust, UTT, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Dive Association, archaeological societies, Pilots’ Association, etc
9. Expand Caribbean network to include local and regional organizations – Pilots’ Association, Harbour Master, Caribbean Archaeological societies, fishermen, divers association, etc
10. Explore possibility of an advanced UNESCO course in UCH – to cover topics such as conservation of UCH (museology) and in-situ protection, preservation and monitoring, to be held in Trinidad and Tobago, with selected participants of the current Caribbean UCH network invited.
Research
11. Establishment of a conservation laboratory, potentially one on each island, with assistance from organizations such as the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA), AQUA, University of Texas A&M, University of Connecticut, Mary Rose Trust, Vasa Museum, etc. This can be possibly associated with the National Trust or via the UTT.
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12. Identification of person(s) to successfully complete a Certificate in Conservation who can then manage our conservation of marine UCH
13. Identification and assessment of existing and potential UCH around Trinidad and Tobago
14. Provision of adequate funding to employ staff and to conduct survey dives in order to identify and assess known and potential UCH
15. Access to field equipment to assess existing and potential UCH – such as a vessel with side scan and multi-beam capabilities
Community
16. Public awareness of UCH – via the development of pamphlets and brochures 17. School programmes on UCH
3.2 Long-term
Recommendations for the management UCH within Trinidad and Tobago that can be addressed within the long-term (>1 yr) need to explored if we are to ensure the protection and preservation of our UCH for future generations. In order to accomplish this, several recommendations are suggested. These are as follows:
Legislation
1. Update of National laws to reflect the needs of UCH in Trinidad and Tobago 2. Creation of additional National laws to address gaps
Capacity building
1. Develop and strengthen Regional and International cooperation in the Management of UCH
2. UTT to develop a post-graduate programme in Marine Archaeology
3. UTT to develop short courses and summer programmes on Marine Archaeology
4. Re-training of perceived treasure hunters as potential Tourist guides and/or marine archaeologists
5. Formation of a Registry of professionals in Underwater Archaeology
6. Development of an Underwater Cultural Center – this will house artefacts of UCH and maritime interest which were unable to be preserved in-situ
7. Development of a database of UCH around Trinidad and Tobago and the Wider Caribbean, managed by the National Trust or an academic institution such as UTT, unless or until an independent organization is developed for UCH, after which this organization should be responsible for the management and protection of data within this database. Due to sensitive nature of the exploitation of UCH, access to this database needs to be protected and independent of decisions that may be politically biased.
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Research
8. Detailed surveys of identified UCH around Trinidad and Tobago
9. Long term analysis of the rate of deterioration and assessment of factors affecting National UCH – directed by an academic institution such as the UTT, up to and until an independent organization is developed for UCH, after which this organization should be responsible for this, while working in tandem with research institutions
Community
10. Encourage and develop certification in Trades with specialization in historical methods and restoration – such as carpentry, metal, ropes, use of historic tools
11. Development of underwater museum/trails in specified UCH sites, in association with the National Trust or Tobago Trust
12. Introductory activities and useful techniques in the importance of UCH and marine archaeology targeting students/ young persons
13. Development of a Maritime and underwater museum – artefacts on display for tourism and educational purposes
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4.0 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: List of participants
Country Name Contacts Antigua and Barbuda Mr. David Gerard Martin e-mail: [email protected]
Aruba
Mr. Walter Mohammed Loss Prevention Supervisor Playa Linda Beach Resort
e-mail: [email protected]
Ms. Susan Hieter Scuba Instructor Jads Dive Center
Barbados Mr. Richard Alexander J Suckoo e-mail: [email protected] Belize Ms. Sylvia Batty e-mail: [email protected]
Dominica
Mr. Jullan Defoe Fisheries Officer Fisheries Division Ministry of Fisheries & the Environment
e-mail: [email protected]
Granada
Mr. McKell Frank Fisheries Division (Ministry of Agriculture) – Marine Protected Area (MPA)
Ph :(473)440-6978/416-3125/458- 4708 e-mail: [email protected]
Jamaica
Ms. Monique Curtis National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA)
e-mail: [email protected]
Mr. Larson Higgins Coast Guard e-mail: [email protected]
Mr. Christopher Yee Sing Coast Guard
e-mail: [email protected]
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Mr. Emile Lemuel Pemberton Webbe’s Ground Gingerland NEVIS
(869) 469 2464 Home (869) 665 1814 Cell Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Mr. Kris Isaacs Fisheries Officer, Biology of the Fisheries Unit
e-mail:[email protected]
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Country Name Contacts
Trinidad and Tobago
Dr. Reia Guppy Assistant Professor Marine and Environmental Sciences The University of Trinidad and Tobago
Ph: 1 868 751 6478 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
Mr. Derek Chung Scuba Diving Instructor Undersea Tobago
Ph: 1868 680 4209 e-mail: [email protected]
Cayman Islands Ms Andrea Balderamos e-mail: [email protected]
Saba Ryan Espersen PhD Candidate, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
Ph: 011-599-416-6347 e-mail: [email protected]
Dominican Republic
Ms Ruth Pion Calle 4, esquina 3, #48. Ensanche Las Américas, Santo Domingo
Teléfono 809.597.2665 Móvil 829.310.1759E-mail [email protected] /[email protected]
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APPENDIX 2: Template for Managment Plan
Management plan of the XXX shipwreck site
0. Administrative details
Date Client Who are you doing it for, e.g. private client or state? Executed by (contractor) Who is doing it? Approved authorities Who is responsible for the site? Central registration number Do you have any? Do you have a registration/database for
sites? Location research area Description where it is Co-ordinates Think of projection! Environmental context Coastal Geology
Climate Flora and Fauna Human impact
Size of research area Total area Depth Also take notion of tidal differences Owner terrain Who owns the property and where is the site e.g. the State? Reported by Who first reported the site? Periods of research Dates and times? Site definition What is it (in a few words) Deposition of archives Where are they depositioned Legal status Protected or non-protected? Recognized threats short-list of major threats Date of re-assessment/re-evaluation indication to be filled in after the research done 1. Introduction
1.1 Previous studies Previous studies done? 1.2 Historical context Place in (Thai/Asian) history?
2. Assessment of the site
2.1 Description of research assignment Reason why to do the research 2.1.1 Reference to working standards Which working standards, national? 2.1.2 Research objectives What are the major questions? 2.1.3 Expected results What do you think the outcome will be? 2.1.4 Aims/ wishes of the purchaser Specific wishes or aims from the organisation that
asked you to do the research? 2.1.5 Imposed research conditions What are the limitations or guidelines you have to
follow? 2.1.6 Evaluations in between When do you build in evaluations? 2.2 Working procedure 2.2.1 Research methods What methods are you using
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2.2.2 Imposed work conditions What are the limitations or guidelines you have to follow?
2.2.3 Modus operandi Density or perception grid. This means the limitations of your observations
2.2.4 Natural sciences, applied sciences and other research What will be applied? 2.3 Research results 2.3.1 Environmental research
2.3.2 Physical condition 2.3.2.1 Finds visible on surface 2.3.2.2 Completeness how much does it resemble the original state,
quantity 2.3.2.2.1 Completeness of wreck parts 2.3.2.2.2 Stratigraphy intact 2.3.2.2.3 Mobile artefacts in situ these are moving objects: so not the wreck itself but
the artefacts. 2.3.2.2.4 Relation between mobile artefacts and wreck parts 2.3.2.2.5 Relation between mobile artefacts is there a relation between the artefacts, and
can it be distinguished? 2.3.2.2.6 Stability natural environment 2.3.3 State of preservation 2.3.3.1 Organic wreck parts either indication or scientific analyses 2.3.3.2 Metal wreck parts either indication or scientific analyses 2.3.3.3 Organic mobilia either indication or scientific analyses 2.3.3.4 Metal mobilia either indication or scientific analyses 2.3.4 Cultural-historic and archaeological data 2.3.4.1 Identification 2.3.4.1.1 Cultural context the site can be associated with a specific period or
culture 2.3.4.1.2 Century 14th C? 20th C? 2.3.4.1.3 Exact dating 1624 or 1935? 2.3.4.1.4 Function Trader? Warship? 2.3.4.1.5 Type Yacht? Galleon? 2.3.4.1.6 Operating area In which area was it active? 2.3.4.1.7 Propulsion Sail, motor? 2.3.4.1.8 Size Size of the ship 2.3.4.1.9 Material Wood – Iron - Paper? 2.3.4.1.10 Building tradition In what kind of tradition is it built? Asian, Thai,
European? 2.3.4.1.11 Inventory What artefacts belong to the ship 2.3.4.1.12 Cargo What kind of cargo do you see? 2.3.4.1.13 Personal belongings Do you see any personal belongings?
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2.3.4.2 Constructional features Are there any specific construction elements that are specific for this ship?
2.4 Risk assessment
2.4.1 Natural impact What are the natural risks to the site? 2.4.2 Human impact What are the human risks/threats to the site?
3. Cultural valuation of the XXXX shipwreck
3.1 Experience aspects (quality) 3.1.1 Aesthetic values 3.1.1.1 Visible 3.1.1.1.1 Visible as landscape element Is the site visible in the landscape and therefore can
it be enjoyed in such by others? 3.1.1.1.2Visible as exposition element for shipwrecks underwater: underwater
trail/museum? 3.1.2 Memory value 3.1.2.1 Historic value this means that the site is in the “collective” memory
of the people
3.2 Physical quality 3.2.1 Structural integrity
3.2.1.1 Presence of ship construction How much of the ship is roughly still there? 3.2.1.2 Completeness of the wreck parts Are the wreck parts in itself complete or are vital
things missing? 3.2.1.3 Stratigraphical conditions Any stratigraphy present and recognisable? Not
mixed up, etc? 3.2.1.4 In situ portable antiquities What is the quality of the objects?
3.2.1.4.1 Relation between portable objects and ship parts Is there any clear relation between the objects and the place where they are lying?
3.2.1.4.2 Relation between portable objects Is there a clear relation between the different objects and the place they are lying?
3.2.1.5 Stability of the natural environment How stable is the natural environment?
3.2.2 State of preservation
3.2.2.1 Wreck parts 3.2.2.1.1 Organic material 3.2.2.1.2 Metal 3.2.2.1.3 Composite This means wreck-parts consisting of different
materials like iron and wood
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3.2.2.2 Artefacts 3.2.2.2.1 Organic material 3.2.2.2.2 An-organic 3.2.2.2.3 Composite
3.3 Quality of archaeological information
3.3.1 Representative value How representative is the information for the period or culture
3.3.1.1 Chronological How representative is the information for the time period and/or how much can it add to the understanding of it?
3.3.1.2 Regional How representative is the site for the region or how much can it add to the understanding of it?
3.3.2 Significance of information (see Unit 6 Significance Assessment)
3.3.2.1 Geographical significance 3.3.2.2 Historical or archaeological significance
3.4 Conclusion 4. Site management 4.1 Cost-benefit analysis and general conclusion How much will the management of this site
cost (in situ/(partly) excavation/monitoring, etc.) and what are the benefits of it (importance/significance of the site)?
4.2 Site management agenda What is going to be done on the site in (near)
future? A planning 4.2.1 Safeguarding 4.2.1.1 Legal What kind of legal actions are going to be
taken? 4.2.1.2 Physical What kind of physical protection methods are
going to be taken? 4.2.2 Monitoring How often, when, by whom and with what is
the site going to be monitored? Actions planned 4.2.3 Visualizing How is the site going to be visualised, by
whom and when? Actions planned 4.2.4 Finance What is the budget available, how much are
the planned actions going to cost, how much has been spend so far, etc?
4.3 Date of re-assessments/re-evaluation When is the next re-assessment/re-evaluation
if time and money spent is still worth it and if actions taken are effective?
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Attachments
1. Map of research area 2. Planning 3. Dive logs 4. First sketch of all team members 5. Measuring plan 6. all the individual sketches 7. a site plan 8. Photo’s
This format has been originally developed in the MoSS-Project (2002-2004), sponsored by the European Union. For more information see Manders, Martijn, ‘Safeguarding a site: The Master Management Plan’, MoSS Newsletter, 3/2004, p. 16-19.
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APPENDIX 3: The Storyboards
