UNESCO on ESD

7/28/2019 UNESCO on ESD

1/51

W E S Z G C J E E M

Skatcb KdtaeksCbugdtaekdh, Wgacktafflg dkb

Guhturdh Erfdkazdtaek

Cbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt

Cbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt ak DgtaekSKCWGE Cbugdtaek Wcgter

Hcdrkakf & Rrdakakf Reehs K2 - :04:


2/51

W E S Z G C J E E MCbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt

Pujhasncb ak :04: jy tnc Skatcb Kdtaeks Cbugdtaekdh,

Wgacktafflg dkb Guhturdh Erfdkazdtaek

6, phdgc bc Lektckey, 6373: Pdras 06 WP, Lrdkgc

SKCWGE :04:Dhh rafnts rcscrvcb

AWJK 16>-1:-7-0040

Rnc bcsafkdtaeks copheycb dkb tnc prcscktdtaek el odtcradh tnreufneut tnas

pujhagdtaek be ket aophy tnc cxprcssaek el dky epakaek wndtsecvcr ek tnc

pdrt el SKCWGE gekgcrkakf tnc hcfdh stdtus el dky geuktry, tcrratery, gaty er

drcd er el ats dutneratacs, er gekgcrkakf tnc bchaoatdtaek el ats lrektacrs er

jeukbdracs.

Rnc abcds dkb epakaeks cxprcsscb ak tnas pujhagdtaek drc tnesc el tnc

dutners= tncy drc ket kcgcssdrahy tnesc el SKCWGE dkb be ket geooat tnc

Erfdkazdtaek.

Gevcr pnetes9

:002/P-Vcrquak - Dfraguhturc

:002/P-Vcrquak - Pgncuscs \actkdo

:044/P-Vcrquak - Lcoocs Dlragdakcs\dsdkt Bdv/Frdkbpds pagkag :

Frdpnag bcsafk9 Nchout Hdkfcr

Hdyeut9 SKCWGE

IdpdkLukbs-ak-Rrust

Skatcb Kdtaeks

Guhturdh Erfdkazdtaek

watn suppert lreo


3/51

Djeut tnas pujhagdtaek .......................................................................................

Jracls ler Praodry dkb Wcgekbdry Rcdgncrs ........................................................................................

Vndt as Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt5 ...................................................................

Zceracktakf Gurraguhuo te Dbbrcss Wustdakdjahaty ................................................

Rcdgnakf Rcgnkaqucs ler CWB ...........................................................................

CWB Hcssek Phdks ..........................................................................................

Dsscssakf Pupah Hcdrkakf watn Zujrags ..............................................................

Cxtrd-Gurraguhdr Dgtavatacs ...............................................................................

Jracls ler Bcgasaek-Odmcrs....................................................................................

Vndt as CWB5 ................................................................................................CWB dkb Dbicgtavdh Cbugdtaeks ........................................................................Rnc Wtrckftns Oebch ......................................................................................

Gurraguhdr Dkdhysas9 Lakbakf sustdakdjahaty ak cxastakf gurraguhd .............................

Vnehc-Wgneeh Dppredgn te Wustdakdjahaty ..........................................................

CWB Zcseurgcs lreo SKCWGE ...............................................................................

Rdjhc el Gektckts


4/51

Rnc tdrfct dubackgcs ler tnc Cbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc

Bcvchepockt Weurgcjeemdrc praodry dkb scgekbdry tcdgncrs

dkb oab-hcvch bcgasaek-odmcrs, wne ndvc rcspeksajahaty ler

praodry dkb scgekbdry cbugdtaek. Dketncr praodry dubackgc

as tcdgncr cbugdters wne werm watn prc-scrvagc dkb ak-scrvagc

praodry dkb scgekbdry sgneeh tcdgncrs.

Rnc purpesc el tnc pujhagdtaek as te bcsgrajc wdys ak

wnagn cbugdtaek ler sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt (CWB) gdk

jc aktcfrdtcb akte praodry dkb scgekbdry sgneehakf. Rnas

gehhcgtaek el jracls as bcsafkcb te geophcockt etncr CWB

odtcradhs pujhasncb jy SKCWGE. Rnc tepags ler tnc jracls

wcrc schcgtcb ak geksuhtdtaek watn SKCWGE Lachb Elfflgcs dkb

Akstatutcs. Rnc jracls ler praodry dkb scgekbdry tcdgncrs drc

spcgafflgdhhy wrattck ler prelcssaekdh cbugdters wne werm ak

lerodh cbugdtaek scttakfs. Rnc jracls ler tcdgncrs ds wchh ds

tnesc ler bcgasaek-odmcrs dbbrcss fdps ak tnc SKCWGE CWB

hatcrdturc.

www.ukcsge.erf/ck/csb/vabces/

Djeut tnas Pujhagdtaek
http://www.unesco.org/en/esd/videoshttp://www.unesco.org/en/esd/videos


5/51

Skatcb Kdtaeksgdtaekdh, Wgacktafflg dkbGuhturdh Erfdkazdtaek

Ler tcdgncrsCWB Weurgcjeem

Vndt as Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt5

Vc nehb tnc luturc ak eur ndkbs. Refctncr, wc oust cksurc tndt eur frdkbgnahbrck wahh ket ndvc te dsm wny wc ldahcb

te be tnc rafnt tnakf, dkb hct tnco sullcr tnc gekscquckgcs.

SK Wcgrctdry-Fckcrdh Jdk Ma-oeek, :006

Wustdakdjhc bcvchepockt as tnc evcrdrgnakf pdrdbafo el tnc

Skatcb Kdtaeks. Rnc gekgcpt el sustdakdjhc bcvchepocktwds bcsgrajcb jy tnc 41>6 Jrukthdkb Geooassaek Zcpert ds

bcvchepockt tndt occts tnc kccbs el tnc prcsckt watneut

geopreoasakf tnc djahaty el luturc fckcrdtaeks te occt tncar

ewk kccbs.

Wustdakdjahaty as d pdrdbafo ler tnakmakf djeut d luturc ak

wnagn ckvarekocktdh, segadh dkb cgekeoag geksabcrdtaeks

drc jdhdkgcb ak tnc pursuat el bcvchepockt dkb dk aoprevcb

qudhaty el halc. Rncsc tnrcc spncrcs segacty, ckvarekockt

dkb cgekeoy drc aktcrtwakcb. Ler cxdophc, d prespcreus

segacty rchacs ek d ncdhtny ckvarekockt te prevabc leeb dkb

rcseurgcs, sdlc brakmakf wdtcr, dkb ghcdk dar ler ats gatazcks.

Rnc sustdakdjahaty pdrdbafo as d odier gndkfc lreo tnc

prcvaeus pdrdbafo el cgekeoag bcvchepockt watn ats

bdodfakf segadh dkb ckvarekocktdh gekscquckgcs. Sktah

rcgckthy tncsc gekscquckgcs ndvc jcck scck ds akcvatdjhc

dkb dggcptdjhc. Newcvcr, wc kew rcdhazc tndt odier bdodfc

er scraeus tnrcdts te tnc wchh-jcakf el nuodks dkb tnc

ckvarekockt ak pursuat el cgekeoag bcvchepockt ndvc ke

phdgc watnak tnc sustdakdjahaty pdrdbafo.

Vc oafnt tnck dsm, wndt as tnc ballcrckgc jctwcck sustdakdjhc

bcvchepockt dkb sustdakdjahaty5 Wustdakdjahaty as eltck

tneufnt el ds d hekf-tcro fedh (a.c. d oerc sustdakdjhc werhb),

wnahc sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt rclcrs te tnc odky pregcsscsdkb pdtnwdys te dgnacvc at (c.f. sustdakdjhc dfraguhturc dkb

lercstry, sustdakdjhc prebugtaek dkb geksuoptaek, feeb

fevcrkockt, rcscdrgn dkb tcgnkehefy trdkslcr, cbugdtaek dkb

trdakakf, ctg.).

Prakgaphcs el Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt

Dhh sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt prefrdoocs oust geksabcr tnc

tnrcc spncrcs el sustdakdjahaty ckvarekockt, segacty dkb

cgekeoy ds wchh ds dk ukbcrhyakf baocksaek el guhturc.

Wakgc sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt dbbrcsscs tnc hegdh gektcxts eltncsc tnrcc spncrcs, at wahh tdmc odky leros dreukb tnc werhb.

Rnc abcdhs dkb prakgaphcs tndt ukbcrhac sustdakdjahaty akghubc

jredb gekgcpts sugn ds cquaty doekf fckcrdtaeks, fckbcr

cquaty, pcdgc, tehcrdkgc, pevcrty rcbugtaek, ckvarekocktdh

prcscrvdtaek dkb rcsterdtaek, kdturdh rcseurgc gekscrvdtaek,

dkb segadh iustagc. Rnc Zae Bcghdrdtaek4gektdaks :6 prakgaphcs,

akghubakf9

Pcephc drc cktathcb te d ncdhtny dkb prebugtavc halc ak

ndroeky watn kdturc=

Rnc rafnt te bcvchepockt oust jc luhfflhhcb se ds te occtbcvchepocktdh dkb ckvarekocktdh kccbs el prcsckt dkb

luturc fckcrdtaeks ak dk cquatdjhc wdy=

Crdbagdtakf pevcrty dkb rcbugakf baspdratacs ak havakf

stdkbdrbs ak ballcrckt pdrts el tnc werhb drc csscktadh te

sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt.

Ckvarekocktdh pretcgtaek as dk aktcfrdh pdrt el tnc

bcvchepockt pregcss dkb gdkket jc geksabcrcb ak

asehdtaek lreo at.

4 Rnc Zae Bcghdrdtaek cocrfcb lreo tnc Skatcb Kdtaeks Geklcrckgcek Ckvarekockt dkb Bcvchepockt, dhse gdhhcb tnc Cdrtn Wuooat, wnagn wds

nchb ak Zae bc Idkcare ak 411:. D tetdh el 46: fevcrkockts pdrtagapdtcb,

akghubakf 40> ncdbs el stdtc er fevcrkockt. Dfckbd :4 as tnc elfflgadh

beguockt el tnc Cdrtn Wuooat.

Cgekeoy

Ckvarekockt Wegacty

Cgekeoy

Ckvarekockt

Wegacty

\AWSDHAYAKF WSWRDAKDJAHARQ


6/51

Aktcrkdtaekdh dgtaeks ak tnc fflchbs el ckvarekockt dkb

bcvchepockt sneuhb dhse dbbrcss tnc aktcrcsts dkb kccbsel dhh geuktracs.

Re dgnacvc sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt dkb d nafncr qudhaty

el halc ler dhh pcephc, geuktracs sneuhb rcbugc dkb chaoakdtc

uksustdakdjhc pdttcrks el prebugtaek dkb geksuoptaek

dkb preoetc dpprepradtc bcoefrdpnag pehagacs.

Veock phdy d vatdh rehc ak ckvarekocktdh odkdfcockt

dkb bcvchepockt. Rncar luhh pdrtagapdtaek as tncrclerc

csscktadh te dgnacvakf sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt.

Vdrldrc as akncrckthy bcstrugtavc te sustdakdjhcbcvchepockt. Pcdgc, bcvchepockt dkb ckvarekocktdh

pretcgtaek drc aktcrbcpckbckt dkb akbavasajhc.

Rncsc prakgaphcs gdk fuabc tnc cllerts el fevcrkockts,

geooukatacs dkb erfdkazdtaeks te bcfflkc sustdakdjahaty fedhs

dkb grcdtc prefrdoocs te nchp dgnacvc tnesc fedhs.

Pcrspcgtavcs el Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt

Ket dhh tnc gekgcpts dssegadtcb watn sustdakdjahaty drc

akgerperdtcb ak tnc :6 prakgaphcs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepocktak tnc Zae Bcghdrdtaek. Dggeopdkyakf prakgaphcs el sustdakdjhc

bcvchepockt drc pcrspcgtavcs tndt ndvc jcgeoc pdrt el tnc

fhejdh sustdakdjahaty badhefuc, sugn ds9

D systcos tnakmakf dppredgn:, rdtncr tndk dk dppredgn

tndt heems dt prejhcos ak asehdtaek sneuhb jc uscb.

Wustdakdjahaty assucs drc hakmcb dkb pdrt el d wnehc.

Skbcrstdkbakf hegdh assucs ak d fhejdh gektcxt dkb

rcgefkazakf tndt sehutaeks te hegdh prejhcos gdk ndvc

fhejdh gekscquckgcs.

Zcdhazakf tndt akbavabudh geksuocr bcgasaeks dllcgt dkb

favc rasc te rcseurgc cxtrdgtaek dkb odkuldgturakf ak

bastdkt phdgcs.

Geksabcrakf ballcrakf vacws jclerc rcdgnakf d bcgasaek er

iubfcockt.

Zcgefkazakf tndt cgekeoag vdhucs, rchafaeus vdhucs, dkb

segactdh vdhucs geopctc ler aopertdkgc ds pcephc watn

ballcrckt aktcrcsts dkb jdgmfreukbs aktcrdgt.

: Wystcos tnakmakf as tnc pregcss el ukbcrstdkbakf new chcocktsel d systco akuckgc ekc dketncr watnak tnc wnehc. Wystcos tnakmakf, dhse

gdhhcb d wnehc-systcos dppredgn nds jcck bcfflkcb ds dk dppredgn te prejhco

sehvakf, ak wnagn prejhcos drc vacwcb ds pdrts el dk evcrdhh systco, rdtncr

tndk ds asehdtcb pdrts, eutgeocs er cvckts.

Wccakf dhh nuodks ds ndvakf ukavcrsdh dttrajutcs.

Mkewakf tndt tcgnkehefy dkb sgackgc dhekc gdkket sehvc

dhh el eur prejhcos.

Copndsazakf tnc rehc el pujhag pdrtagapdtaek ak geooukaty

dkb fevcrkocktdh bcgasaek-odmakf. Pcephc wnesc havcs

wahh jc dllcgtcb jy bcgasaeks oust jc akvehvcb ak tnc

pregcss hcdbakf te tnc bcgasaeks.

Gdhhakf ler frcdtcr trdkspdrckgy dkb dggeuktdjahaty ak

fevcrkocktdh bcgasaek-odmakf.

Copheyakf tnc prcgdutaekdry prakgaphc tdmakf dgtaek

te dveab tnc pessajahaty el scraeus er arrcvcrsajhc

ckvarekocktdh er segadh ndro cvck wnck sgacktafflg

mkewhcbfc as akgeophctc er akgekghusavc.

At as aopertdkt tndt cbugdters, hcdbcrs, dkb gatazcks rcgefkazc

tndt sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt as dk cvehvakf gekgcpt dkb

tndt tnc hast el sustdakdjahaty pcrspcgtavcs gdk tncrclerc frew

dkb gndkfc.

\dhucs watnak tnc Wustdakdjahaty Pdrdbafo

Rnreufneut ats nastery, tnc Skatcb Kdtaeks nds jcck d

gndopaek el vdhucs rchdtcb te nuodk bafkaty, lukbdocktdh

lrccbeos, nuodk rafnts, cquaty, dkb gdrc ler tnc ckvarekockt.

Wustdakdjhc bcvchepockt tdmcs tncsc vdhucs d stcp lurtncr,

cxtckbakf tnco jcyekb tnc prcsckt fckcrdtaek te luturc

fckcrdtaeks. Wustdakdjhc bcvchepockt ocdks vdhuakf

jaebavcrsaty dkb gekscrvdtaek dhekf watn nuodk bavcrsaty,

akghusavaty, dkb pdrtagapdtaek. Ak tnc cgekeoag rcdho, seoc

cojrdgc sulfflgackgy ler dhh wnahc etncrs upnehb cquaty

el cgekeoag eppertukaty. Dketncr vcnaghc ler tnc vdhucs

akncrckt ak tnc sustdakdjahaty pdrdbafo as tnc Cdrtn Gndrtcr,

d bcghdrdtaek el lukbdocktdh ctnagdh prakgaphcs ler juahbakf dldar, sustdakdjhc, dkb pcdgcluh fhejdh segacty.

Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt Repags

Wustdakdjhc bcvchepockt akghubcs d kuojcr el tepags,

wnagn S.K. Ocojcr Wtdtcs ndvc dfrccb te dbbrcss. Vatn

tncar ckvarekocktdh, segadh, cgekeoag dkb pehatagdh reets,

tncsc tepags drc geophcx dkb drc eltck balfflguht te bcfflkc

ds wchh ds fflkb sehutaeks ler. Rncy akghubc rcbugakf pevcrty,

gndkfakf geksuoptaek pdttcrks, fhejdh pepuhdtaek frewtn,dkb pretcgtakf nuodk ncdhtn, dhh el wnagn prcsckt gndhhckfcs

te eur segadh dkb cgekeoag systcos. Ak dbbataek, tnc tepags

dhse akghubc pretcgtakf tnc hdkb wc havc ek, tnc wdtcr wc

Vndt as Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt5


7/51

brakm, tnc dar wc jrcdtnc, dkb tnc rcseurgcs wc usc ds wchh ds

odier gektcoperdry gndhhckfcs hamc ghaodtc gndkfc dkb hessel jaebavcrsaty. Rnc hast as cxtcksavc. Dhh el tncsc dkb rchdtcb

tepags gdk jc dppredgncb lreo d sustdakdjahaty pcrspcgtavc.

Grcdtakf Wustdakdjahaty Fedhs dkb Phdks

Lehhewakf tnc Cdrtn Wuooat ak 411:, fevcrkockts dkb

geooukatacs wcrc gndrfcb watn tnc rcspeksajahaty el grcdtakf

sustdakdjahaty phdks. Ak erbcr te be se, fevcrkockts dkb

gavah segacty oust abcktaly praeratacs dkb grcdtc sustdakdjahaty

fedhs. Rnck, tncy gdk grcdtc phdks te dgnacvc tnco. Abcdhhy,dt tnc kdtaekdh hcvch, cvcry oakastry er bcpdrtockt weuhb

akghubc sustdakdjahaty ak ats fedhs, phdks dkb pehagacs favck

tndt at as tnc rcspeksajahaty el dhh scgters el fevcrkockts dkb

segactacs te werm tewdrbs d oerc sustdakdjhc luturc.

Geerbakdtcb Cllerts

Fevcrkockts dkb gavah segacty ds wchh ds akbavabudhs oust

nehb tnc rcspeksajahaty ler d oerc sustdakdjhc luturc. Dhh oust

gektrajutc ak tncar ewk wdy. Rnc 20 gndptcrs el Dfckbd :4

bcsgrajc wdys lerwdrb ak odky drcds, lreo dfraguhturc te

wdstc baspesdh. Kcvcrtnchcss, tnc cbugdtaek geooukaty nds

d spcgadh rehc te pcrlero. Cxphagathy ocktaekcb ak cdgn el

tnc gndptcrs, cbugdtaek as dk csscktadh akfrcbackt ler d oerc

sustdakdjhc luturc. Ler cxdophc, at as tnreufn cbugdtaek tndt

tnc kcxt fckcrdtaek el gatazcks, vetcrs, wermcrs, prelcssaekdhs

dkb hcdbcrs drc prcpdrcb ler halc-hekf hcdrkakf. Vatneut

cbugdtaek, prefrcss tewdrbs d oerc sustdakdjhc luturc wahh

jc geopreoascb. Akbccb, wc oust hcdrk eur wdy lerwdrb.

Zclcrckgcs

Cdrtn Gndrtcr. :000. nttp9//www.cdrtngndrtcrakdgtaek.erf/

gektckt/pdfcs/Zcdb-tnc-Gndrtcr.ntoh

AGHCA. Hegdh Fevcrkockts ler Wustdakdjahaty.

nttp9//www.aghca.erf/(Dggcsscb :: Iukc :044.)

SKCWGE. :00&drtaghcab?44


8/51



Zceracktakf d gurraguhuo te dbbrcss sustdakdjahaty gdk tdmc

phdgc dt d ghdssreeo er kdtaekdh hcvch.

Dt tnc ghdssreeo hcvch, tcdgncrs gdk jcfak jy cxphagathy

stdtakf tnc hakm jctwcck tnc tepag ak tnc odkbdtcb syhhdjus

dkb sustdakdjahaty. Ler cxdophc9

Rebdy wc drc hcdrkakf djeut Verhb Vdr AA. Ds yeu mkew,

wdr as geksabcrcb dk uksustdakdjhc stdtc ak wnagn nuodk

havcs drc hest dkb rcseurgcs wdstcb. Ekc el tnc prakgaphcs

el sustdakdjahaty as tndt wdrldrc as akncrckthy bcstrugtavc te

sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt. Vny be yeu tnakm wdr prcvckts

geuktracs lreo odmakf prefrcss tewdrbs sustdakdjahaty5

(c.f. rdtncr tndk spckbakf kdtaekdh akgeoc ek nuodk

wchh-jcakf at as spckt ek nuodk bcstrugtaek).

Rebdy wc drc basgussakf ncdhtn rasms rchdtcb te

gektdoakdtcb wdtcr. Dggcss te wdtcr as kew geksabcrcb

d nuodk rafnt, dkb nuodk rafnts drc lukbdocktdh ak

grcdtakf sustdakdjhc geooukatacs.

Rebdy wc drc tdhmakf djeut aktcrkdtaekdh trdbc. Rnakmdjeut tnc snart tndt yeu drc wcdrakf dkb wncrc tnc ffljrc

gdoc lreo, wncrc tnc ghetn wds odbc, wncrc tnc snart wds

scwk, dkb new at wds trdkspertcb te wncrc yeu drc. New

ougn ckcrfy bab tndt tdmc5 Vndt as tnc gdrjek leetprakt

el yeur snart5 New as yeur snart rchdtcb te sustdakdjhc usc

el rcseurgcs5

Lreo saophc stdtcockts sugn ds tncsc, pupahs wahh juahb tncar

gekgcptaeks el sustdakdjahaty dkb tncar mkewhcbfc el at.

Wcvcrdh teehs te rcerackt d gurraguhuo te dbbrcss sustdakdjahaty

ndvc jcck grcdtcb. Rnc CWB Hcks Zcvacw Reeh 19 CWBaktcfrdtaek ak tnc gurraguhuo prevabcs d wdy ler dkdhysakf

tnc cxtckt te wnagn CWB as aktcfrdtcb ak tnc gurraguhuo dt

kdtaekdh dkb sgneeh hcvchs. Rnc Cbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc

Bcvchepockt Reehmatgektdaks cafnt cxcrgascs ler rceracktakf d

gurraguhuo te dbbrcss sustdakdjahaty dkb nehbakf geooukaty

leruos te fdtncr pujhag epakaek rchdtcb te gurraguhdr

gndkfc. Preicgt Q nds dhse jcck uscb wabchy te aktcfrdtc

sustdakdjahaty akte cxastakf hcssek phdks dkb ukats. Preicgt Q

tdmcs d frdbudh dppredgn, aktrebugakf ekc er d lcw kcw atcos

rchdtcb te sustdakdjahaty ak cdgn hcssek. Evcr tnc geursc el

d sgneeh ycdr, tnc dffrcfdtc doeukt el sustdakdjahaty tdufntdkb taoc ek tdsm (a.c. hcdrkakf djeut sustdakdjahaty) gdk jc

sujstdktadh.

Rnc rceracktakf pregcss gdk dhse eggur dt kdtaekdh hcvchs er

prevakgadh/stdtc hcvchs ak oakastracs el cbugdtaek wncrc tnc

odkbdtcb gurraguhuos drc wrattck. D kdtaekdh er prevakgadh

pregcss sneuhb jc gekbugtcb oerc systcodtagdhhy dkb

tnereufnhy tndk d rceracktakf pregcss gdrracb eut jy d tcdgncr

wermakf ak asehdtaek er jy d sodhh tcdo el tcdgncrs wermakf

ak d sgneeh. D kdtaekdh er stdtc hcvch pregcss weuhb akghubc

akvatakf stdmcnehbcrs te d pujhag pdrtagapdtaek pregcss te

fdtncr akput (c.f. stdtcockts el kccbs dkb bcsarcs ds wchhds epakaeks) rchdtcb te tnc rceracktakf pregcss. Ak tnas

wdy, d oakastry wahh jc oebchhakf pujhag pdrtagapdtaek dkb

trdkspdrckgy, wnagn drc csscktadh chcockts el sustdakdjahaty.

(Wcc Gdsc Wtuby9 Rerekte Jedrb el Cbugdtaek Gurraguhuo

Zcvasaek dkb Zceracktdtaek, nttp9//www.csbteehmat.erf/

basgussaek/gdscUstuby.nto).

Re rcerackt d gurraguhuo te dbbrcss sustdakdjahaty,

cbugdtaekdh geooukatacs kccb te abcktaly tnc

mkewhcbfc, assucs, pcrspcgtavcs, smahhs, dkb vdhucs

gcktrdh te sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt ak cdgn el tnctnrcc geopekckts el sustdakdjahaty ckvarekockt,

segacty, dkb cgekeoy dkb aktcfrdtc tnco akte tnc

gurraguhuo. Rnc cbugdtaek geooukaty dhse kccbs

te bcgabc wnagn el tnc odky cxastakf sustdakdjahaty

assucs (c.f. jaebavcrsaty, ghaodtc gndkfc, cquaty, dkb

pevcrty) wahh jc pdrt el tnc gurraguhuo. Abcdhhy, cllerts

te rcerackt cbugdtaek wahh jc jdscb ek kdtaekdh er hegdh

sustdakdjahaty fedhs. D prepcrhy rceracktcb gurraguhuo

wahh dbbrcss hegdh ckvarekocktdh, segadh, dkb cgekeoag

gektcxts te cksurc tndt at as hegdhhy rchcvdkt dkb

guhturdhhy dpprepradtc.Ak dk cllert te sdvc taoc er rcseurgcs, fevcrkockts ndvc

aopertcb gurraguhd lreo etncr geuktracs er rcfaeks. Ak

tnc gdsc el CWB, tnas as akdpprepradtc, jcgdusc hegdh

dkb kdtaekdh sustdakdjahaty fedhs dkb hegdh gektcxts

wahh ket jc wchh tdrfctcb.

Wcc Wdophc Dgtavatacs9

CWB HcksZcvacw Reeh 19 CWB aktcfrdtaek ak tnc gurraguhuo

Preicgt Q9 Cxcrgascs el rceracktakf gurraguhuo

Zceracktakf Gurraguhuo te Dbbrcss Wustdakdjahaty
http://www.esdtoolkit.org/discussion/case_study.htmhttp://www.esdtoolkit.org/discussion/case_study.htmhttp://www.esdtoolkit.org/discussion/case_study.htmhttp://www.esdtoolkit.org/discussion/case_study.htm


9/51

Re dggcss tnc CWB Hcks Zcvacw Reeh 19 CWB aktcfrdtaek ak

tnc gurraguhuo, epck tnc lehhewakf nypcrhakm dkb fe te pdfc. Zcvacw Reeh 1 leguscs ek tnc cxtckt te wnagn CWB as

aktcfrdtcb akte tnc gurraguhuo.

nttp9//ukcsbeg.ukcsge.erf/aodfcs/0041/00410>/410>1>c.

pbl

Zclcrckgcs

SKCWGE. :00/410>1>c.

pbl

Zceracktakf Gurraguhuo te Dbbrcss Wustdakdjahaty
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001524/152453eo.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001524/152453eo.pdfhttp://www.esdtoolkit.org/http://www.soe-townsville.org/schools/tshs/tlsf.htmlhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://www.soe-townsville.org/schools/tshs/tlsf.htmlhttp://www.esdtoolkit.org/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001524/152453eo.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001524/152453eo.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001908/190898e.pdf


10/51

Barcgtaeks9 Abcktaly d hcssek phdk er ukat tndt yeu gurrckthy tcdgn. Vratc tnc kdoc el tnc ukat ak tnc garghc. Gdtcferazc wndt

yeu gurrckthy tcdgn usakf tnc gndrt jchew. New gdk yeu dbb ekc er oerc sustdakdjahaty chcockts rchdtcb te mkewhcbfc, assucs,smahhs, pcrspcgtavc er vdhucs te tnas hcssek er ukat5

Wegacty

MkewhcbfcDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

A weuhb hamc te dbb9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Hegdh AssucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




WmahhsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




PcrspcgtavcsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




\dhucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




Cgekeoy

MkewhcbfcDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




Hegdh AssucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




WmahhsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




PcrspcgtavcsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




\dhucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU




MkewhcbfcDhrcdby ak oy ukat9

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

A weuhb hamc te dbb9

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

Hegdh AssucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9

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UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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WmahhsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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PcrspcgtavcsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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\dhucsDhrcdby ak oy ukat9

UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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Ckvarekockt

Preicgt Q9 Cxcrgasc ler rceracktakfgurraguhuo


11/51

Zceracktakf cbugdtaek akvehvcs schcgtakf dpprepradtc mkewhcbfc, assucs, smahhs, pcrspcgtavcs, dkb vdhucs ler tnc

ckvarekocktdh, segadh, dkb cgekeoag spncrcs el sustdakdjahaty. Rnc lehhewakf drc suffcstaeks te jcfak geophctakf dPZEICGR Q wermsncct.

Mkewhcbfc

Pcephc kccb jdsag mkewhcbfc lreo tnc kdturdh sgackgcs, segadh sgackgcs, dkb nuodkatacs te ukbcrstdkb9

tnc prakgaphcs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt,

new tncy gdk jc aophcocktcb,

tnc vdhucs akvehvcb, dkb

tnc rdoafflgdtaeks el tncar aophcocktdtaek.

Wmahhs

CWB oust prevabc pcephc watn tnc prdgtagdh smahhs tndt wahh ckdjhc tnco te9

gektakuc hcdrkakf dltcr tncy hcdvc sgneeh,

te fflkb d sustdakdjhc havchaneeb, dkb

te havc sustdakdjhc havcs.

Cxdophcs9

Rnc djahaty te geooukagdtc cllcgtavchy jetn erdhhy dkb ak wratakf=

Rnc djahaty te tnakm djeut systcos (jetn kdturdh dkb segadh sgackgcs)=

Rnc djahaty te tnakm ak tcros el taoc te lercgdst, te tnakm dncdb, dkb te phdk=

Rnc djahaty te tnakm gratagdhhy=

Rnc djahaty te usc ouhtaphc pcrspcgtavcs te ukbcrstdkb dketncr pcrseks vacwpeakt=

Rnc djahaty te dkdhysc vdhucs ukbcrhyakf ballcrakf pesataeks=

Rnc gdpdgaty te oevc lreo dwdrckcss te mkewhcbfc te dgtaek=

Rnc djahaty te werm geepcrdtavchy watn etncr pcephc=

Rnc gdpdgaty te bcvchep dk dcstnctag rcspeksc te tnc ckvarekockt dkb tnc drts.

Zclcrckgc Wncct ler Geophctakf Preicgt QVermsncct


12/51

Assucs

Cvcry geooukaty nds sustdakdjahaty assucs. Zceracktakf cbugdtaek akghubcs schcgtakf assucs tndt drc rchcvdkt te tnc hegdh

geooukaty. Ncrc drc d lcw el odky pessajhc assucs9

Dfraguhturc

Dtoespncrc

Jaebavcrsaty

Gndkfakf geksuoptaek pdttcrks

Ghaodtc Gndkfc

Bclercstdtaek

Bcscrtafflgdtaek dkb breufnt

Lrcsn wdtcr

Fckbcr cquaty

Nuodk sctthcockt

Akbafckeus pcephc

Hdkb usc

Egcdks

Pepuhdtaek frewtn

Pevcrty

Pretcgtakf dkb preoetakf nuodk ncdhtn

Wehab dkb ndzdrbeus wdstcs dkb scwdfc

Pcrspcgtavcs

Pcrspcgtavcs ek sustdakdjahaty drc geooekhy stdtcockts tndt cxpdkb upek tnc prakgaphcs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt leukb ak

Dfckbd :4. Prakgaphcs akghubc, jut drc ket haoatcb te9

Ckvarekocktdh pretcgtaek dkb nuodk-gcktrcb bcvchepockt drc geksabcrcb tefctncr, ket scpdrdtchy.

Rncrc oust jc d jdhdkgc dkb aktcfrdtaek el ckvarekockt, segacty, dkb cgekeoy.

Wtdtcs ndvc d rafnt te bcvchepockt, jut oust rcspcgt fcefrdpnag jeukbdracs.

Pdrtkcrsnaps gdk dgnacvc oerc tndk sehatdry dgtaek.

Wegadh dkb ckvarekocktdh prejhcos gndkfc tnreufn taoc dkb ndvc jetn d nastery dkb d luturc.

Gektcoperdry fhejdh ckvarekocktdh assucs drc hakmcb dkb aktcrrchdtcb.

Wystcos tnakmakf er d wnehc-systcos dppredgn sneuhb jc uscb ak prejhco sehvakf rdtncr tndk heemakf dt prejhcos ak

asehdtaek.

Nuodks ndvc ukavcrsdh dttrajutcs.

Rnc ldoahy as tnc leukbdtaekdh segadh ukat.

Hegdh assucs oust jc ukbcrsteeb ak d fhejdh gektcxt dkb wc sneuhb rcdhazc tndt sehutaeks te hegdh prejhcos gdk ndvc fhejdh

gekscquckgcs.

Akbavabudh geksuocr bcgasaeks dkb etncr dgtaeks dllcgt dkb favc rasc te rcseurgc cxtrdgtaek dkb odkuldgturakf ak bastdkt

phdgcs.

Ballcrakf vacws sneuhb jc geksabcrcb jclerc rcdgnakf d bcgasaek er iubfcockt.

Cgekeoag vdhucs, rchafaeus vdhucs, dkb segactdh vdhucs geopctc ler aopertdkgc ds pcephc watn ballcrckt aktcrcsts dkb

jdgmfreukbs aktcrdgt.



13/51

Rcgnkehefy dkb sgackgc dhekc gdkket sehvc dhh el eur prejhcos.

Akbavabudhs drc fhejdh gatazcks ak dbbataek te jcakf gatazcks el tnc hegdh geooukaty.

Geooukatacs drc juaht ler dhh pcephc rcfdrbhcss el akgeoc, ctnkagaty, stdtus, ctg.

Geooukaty dkb fevcrkocktdh bcgasaek-odmakf oust akghubc pujhag pdrtagapdtaek. Pcephc wnesc havcs wahh jc dllcgtcb jy

bcgasaeks oust jc akvehvcb ak tnc pregcss hcdbakf te tnc bcgasaeks.

Rrdkspdrckgy dkb dggeuktdjahaty ak fevcrkocktdh bcgasaek-odmakf drc csscktadh.

Rnc bcgcktrdhazdtaek el fevcrkocktdh bcgasaek-odmakf dhhews pcephc te fflkb sehutaeks tndt fflt hegdh ckvarekocktdh, segadh,

dkb cgekeoag gektcxts.

Copheyakf tnc prcgdutaekdry prakgaphc tdmakf dgtaek te dveab tnc pessajahaty el scraeus er arrcvcrsajhc ckvarekocktdh ersegadh ndro, cspcgadhhy wnck sgacktafflg mkewhcbfc as akgeophctc er akgekghusavc as kcgcssdry ler tnc hekf-tcro wchh-jcakf

el d geooukaty dkb eur phdkct.

\dhucs

Skbcrstdkbakf vdhucs (c.f. ekcs ewk vdhucs, tnc vdhucs el tnc segacty ekc havcs ak, dkb tnc vdhucs el etncrs dreukb tnc werhb)

as dk csscktadh pdrt el ukbcrstdkbakf ekcs ewk dkb etncr pcephcs vacwpeakts. \dhucs lreo tnc Cdrtn Gndrtcr akghubc9

Zcspcgt tnc Cdrtn dkb halc ak dhh ats bavcrsaty.

Gdrc ler tnc geooukaty el halc watn ukbcrstdkbakf, geopdssaek, dkb hevc.

Juahb bcoegrdtag segactacs tndt drc iust, pdrtagapdtery, sustdakdjhc, dkb pcdgcluh.

Wcgurc tnc Cdrtns jeukty dkb jcduty ler prcsckt dkb luturc fckcrdtaeks.

Crdbagdtc pevcrty ds dk ctnagdh, segadh, dkb ckvarekocktdh aopcrdtavc.

Dlfflro fckbcr cqudhaty dkb cquaty.

Spnehb tnc rafnt el dhh, watneut basgraoakdtaek.

Rrcdt dhh havakf jcakfs watn rcspcgt dkb geksabcrdtaek.

Preoetc d guhturc el tehcrdkgc, kekvaehckgc, dkb pcdgc.

Prakgaphcs el Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt

Rnc Zae Bcghdrdtaek gektdaks :> prakgaphcs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt akghubakf9

Pcephc drc cktathcb te d ncdhtny dkb prebugtavc halc ak ndroeky watn kdturc=

Crdbagdtakf pevcrty dkb rcbugakf baspdratacs ak havakf stdkbdrbs as csscktadh=

Vdrldrc as akncrckthy bcstrugtavc te sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt.



14/51

Ncrodk Bdhys tnrcc gekbataeks el d sustdakdjhc segacty9

(4) Zdtcs el usc el rckcwdjhc rcseurgcs be ket cxgccb tncar rdtcs el rcfckcrdtaek.

(:) Zdtcs el usc el kek-rckcwdjhc rcseurgcs be ket cxgccb tnc rdtc dt wnagn sustdakdjhc rckcwdjhc sujstatutcs drc bcvchepcb.

(7) Zdtcs el pehhutaek coassaek be ket cxgccb tnc dssaoahdtavc gdpdgaty el tnc ckvarekockt.

Bekkchhd Ocdbews euthakcb tncsc fckcrdh fuabchakcs ler rcstrugturakf werhb systcos tewdrbs sustdakdjahaty9

(4) Oakaoazc tnc usc el kek-rckcwdjhc rcseurgcs.

(:) Prcvckt cresaek el rckcwdjhc rcseurgcs.

(7) Ssc dhh rcseurgcs watn odxaouo clfflgackgy.

(2) Whew dkb cvcktudhhy step tnc cxpekcktadh frewtn el pepuhdtaek dkb pnysagdh gdpatdh.

(3) Oekater tnc gekbataek el rcseurgcs, tnc kdturdh ckvarekockt, dkb tnc wchldrc el nuodks.

(1. Ler tnc Geooek Feeb. Jestek9 Jcdgek Prcss Jeems. Gnchscd Frcck Pujhasnakf Geopdky.

Cdrtn Gndrtcr. ke bdtc.

nttp9//www.cdrtngndrtcrakdgtaek.erf/gektckt/pdfcs/Zcdb-tnc-Gndrtcr.ntoh(Dggcsscb : Iuhy :040.)

SKCWGE. :00


15/51



Tudhaty Cbugdtaek

SKCWGE nds abcktafflcb tck mcy dspcgts tndt suppert qudhaty

cbugdtaek rchdtcb te tnc akbavabudh hcdrkcr dkb te systcos

el cbugdtaek. Lavc el tncsc dspcgts drc dt tnc hcvch el tnc

hcdrkcr, akghubakf9

sccmakf eut tnc hcdrkcr,

dgmkewhcbfakf tnc hcdrkcrs mkewhcbfc dkb cxpcrackgc,

odmakf gektckt rchcvdkt,

usakf odky tcdgnakf dkb hcdrkakf pregcsscs, dkb

ckndkgakf tnc hcdrkakf ckvarekockt (SKCWGE, :003).

Jy usakf d vdracty el tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs, tcdgncrs nchp

pupahs cophey dkb bcvchep ballcrckt hcdrkakf pregcsscs. Vatn

vdracty, pupahs ndvc d gndkgc te frew ds hcdrkcrs dkb te

ckndkgc tncar smahhs dkb gdpdgaty te hcdrk dkb tnakm.

D qudhaty cbugdtaek aophacs tndt tnc kccbs el akbavabudhhcdrkcrs wahh jc geksabcrcb dkb dbbrcsscb ak bcvchepakf dkb

bchavcrakf hcsseks. Jy usakf d vdracty el tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs,

tnc tcdgncr dttckbs te tnc bavcrsc kccbs el tnc pupahs ak tnc

ghdss. Ket dhh stubckts hcdrk ak tnc sdoc wdy. Weoc prclcr te

hastck, etncrs te rcdb, dkb stahh etncrs te pdrtagapdtc oerc

dgtavchy. Sklertukdtchy, trdbataekdh pcbdfefacs odakhy scrvc

pupahs wne drc feeb dt hastckakf, rcdbakf, ocoerazakf dkb

sattakf stahh= newcvcr, ket dhh pupahs ndvc tncsc djahatacs. Qct

cbugdtaek as ler dhh.

Occtakf tnc hcdrkakf kccbs el dhh pupahs ak tnc ghdssreeo as d

lero el segadh cquaty, wnagn as d gerc gekgcpt el sustdakdjahaty.

Ler odky ycdrs, tnc cbugdtaekdh geooukaty bab ket hakm

tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs watn segadh cquaty. Prcvaeushy, ekhy tnc

pupahs wne wcrc feeb dt rcdbakf, ocoerazakf dkb rcgatakf

cxgchhcb ak sgneeh. Rnesc pupahs wne wcrc ket bab ket tnravc

ak sgneeh dkb eltck breppcb eut, tncrcjy haoatakf tncar

gdrccrs dkb cgekeoag petcktadh. Breppakf eut el sgneeh as

d odier segadh dkb cgekeoag sustdakdjahaty assuc. Newcvcr,

usakf d vdracty el tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs te occt tnc hcdrkakf

kccbs el pupahs gdk dbbrcss cquaty ak tnc ghdssreeo. Wugn

prdgtagc dhse bcoekstrdtcs te tnc pupahs d lero tndt cquaty

dkb segadh sustdakdjahaty gdk tdmc. Pcbdfefacs uscb aksgneeh, hamc etncr cbugdtaekdh prdgtagcs (c.f. d wnehc-sgneeh

dppredgn te sustdakdjahaty), gdk tncrclerc preoetc prakgaphcs

el sustdakdjahaty.

Dketncr lero el cquaty akncrckt ak sustdakdjahaty tndt as

vasajhc ak tnc ghdssreeo as rchdtcb te fckbcr. Geksabcrakf

tndt ock dkb weock, pdrtaguhdrhy ak rurdh dkb akbafckeus

segactacs, tckb te ndvc quatc ballcrckt segae-guhturdh rehcs,

ghdssreeo tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs kccb te jc copheycb ak

hegdhhy rchcvdkt dkb guhturdhhy dpprepradtc wdys tndt lestcr

fckbcr cquaty. Rnc sdoc as truc ler dggcss te cbugdtaekdh

rcseurgcs ler jetn jeys dkb farhs.

CWB Pcbdfefacs

Pcbdfefacs dssegadtcb watn CWB staouhdtc pupahs te dsm

qucstaeks, dkdhysc, tnakm gratagdhhy dkb odmc bcgasaeks.

Wugn pcbdfefacs oevc lreo tcdgncr-gcktrcb te stubckt-

gcktrcb hcsseks dkb lreo retc ocoerazdtaek te pdrtagapdtery

hcdrkakf.

CWB pcbdfefacs drc eltck phdgc-jdscb er prejhco/assuc-

jdscb. CWB pcbdfefacs ckgeurdfc gratagdh tnakmakf, segadh

grataquc, dkb dkdhyscs el hegdh gektcxts. Rncy akvehvc

basgussaek, dkdhysas dkb dpphagdtaek el vdhucs. CWB pcbdfefacs

eltck brdw upek tnc drts usakf brdod, phdy, ousag, bcsafk,

dkb brdwakf te staouhdtc grcdtavaty dkb aodfakc dhtcrkdtavc

luturcs. Rncy werm tewdrbs pesatavc gndkfc dkb nchp pupahs

te bcvchep d scksc el segadh iustagc dkb schl-clfflgdgy ds

geooukaty ocojcrs.

Rnc lehhewakf drc bcsgraptaeks el dkb sdophc dgtavatacs ler

leur tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs9 saouhdtaeks, ghdss basgussaeks,

assuc dkdhysas, dkb sterytchhakf. Cdgn tcgnkaquc staouhdtcs

ballcrckt hcdrkakf pregcsscs.

Waouhdtaeks

Waouhdtaeks drc tcdgnakf/hcdrkakf sgckdraes ak wnagn tnc

tcdgncr bcfflkcs tnc gektcxt ak wnagn tnc pupahs aktcrdgt. Rnc

pupahs pdrtagapdtc ak tnc sgckdraes dkb fdtncr ocdkakf lreo

tnco. Ler cxdophc, pupahs aodfakc tncy havc ak d sodhh fflsnakf

vahhdfc dkb ndvc te hcdrk new te odkdfc tnc fflsnakf stegms

sustdakdjhy (a.c. watneut bcphctakf tnc fflsnakf stegms er

stdrvakf tnc pcephc). Eltck, saouhdtaeks drc saophafflgdtaeks el

geophcx djstrdgt gekgcpts. Dt tnc sdoc taoc, jcgdusc tncy

drc bastahhdtaeks el rcdh-werhb satudtaeks, saouhdtaeks favc dscksc el rcdhaty dkb tnus ckfdfc dkb oetavdtc hcdrkcrs el dhh

dfcs.

Rcdgnakf Rcgnkaqucs ler CWB


16/51

Vny

Gekgcpts dssegadtcb watn sustdakdjahaty drc eltck djstrdgt

dkb geophcx. Waouhdtaeks rcbugc geophcxaty dkb nafnhafnt

sdhackt dspcgts. Waouhdtaeks favc gekgrctc wdys te tcdgn

djstrdgt gekgcpts. Prevabakf gekgrctc cxdophcs ler djstrdgt

gekgcpts as cspcgadhhy aopertdkt ler gnahbrck dkb dbehcsgckts,

odky el wneo drc stahh ak tnc gekgrctc stdfcs el gefkatavc

bcvchepockt.

Gekkcgtaek te CWB Pcbdfefacs

Waouhdtaeks9

Ckfdfc pupahs watn vasudh, dubatery dkb tdgtahc-makcstnctag

hcdrkakf oebdhatacs, tncrcjy preoetakf cquaty.

Dbbrcss rcdh halc prejhcos tndt ldgc geooukatacs dkb dbb

rchcvdkgc te tnc gurraguhuo.

Preoetc nafncr-erbcr tnakmakf smahhs.

New

Rcdgnakf usakf saouhdtaeks akvehvcs9

Rcdgnakf dgdbcoag gekgcpts rchdtcb te tnc saouhdtaek.

Bcsgrajakf tnc gektcxt el tnc saouhdtaek.

Cxphdakakf tnc ruhcs el tnc saouhdtaek.

Oekaterakf tnc dgtavatacs el tnc pupahs ds tncy ckfdfc ak

tnc saouhdtaek dkb fckthy rcbarcgtakf al kcgcssdry, dkb

Zccgtaek ek tnc saouhdtaek dkb rchdtakf at jdgm te tnc

gekgcpts.

Rnc rccgtaek as aopertdkt ak rcaklergakf tnc dgdbcoag

gekgcpts.

Dltcr usakf d saouhdtaek ak ghdss, at as aopertdkt te pregcsstnc saouhdtaek te mkew al tnc pupahs hcdrkcb wndt tnc

tcdgncr cxpcgtcb. Rnc basgussaek dhse prevabcs tnc tcdgncr

watn tnc eppertukaty te bcdh watn dky oasgekgcptaeks

tndt drasc. Ssc tnc lehhewakf tnrcc qucstaeks te pregcss

tnc saouhdtaek9

(4) Vndt bab yeu hcdrk5

(:) New as tnas saouhdtaek hamc rcdh halc5

(7) New becs tnc saouhdtaek ballcr lreo rcdh halc5

Rnc dkswcrs lreo tnc pupahs gdk jc surprasakf. Lercxdophc, te tcdgn djeut sustdakdjahaty, ekc tcdgncr uscb

tnc Wustdakdjhc Zcseurgc Odkdfcockt Akquary saouhdtaek,

wnagn as bcsgrajcb ak tnc sdophc dgtavatacs scgtaek. Vnck

snc dsmcb tnc ghdss, Vndt bab yeu hcdrk5 tnc fflrst freup

dkswcrcb, Ats ket pessajhc. Wnc pduscb jclerc wratakf

tncar dkswcr ek tnc jedrb. Lertukdtchy, tnc etncr freups

aktcrvckcb te cxphdak te tnc fflrst freup dkb tnc ghdss

tndt at wds, ak ldgt, pessajhc. Rnc dkswcrs te tncsc tnrcc

qucstaeks gdk tnus prevabc tnc tcdgncr watn d nafn hcvch

el ukbcrstdkbakf el wndt tnc pupahs pcrgcavcb dkb hcdrkcb

burakf tnc saouhdtaek.

Wcc Wdophc Dgtavaty9 Wustdakdjhc Lasncracs Odkdfcockt

Akquary9 D saouhdtaek dgtavaty.



17/51

Ghdss Basgussaeks

Ghdss basgussaeks dhhew ler tnc trdkslcr el aklerodtaek

doekfst pupahs dkb lreo tnc pupahs te tnc tcdgncr, ak

dbbataek te tnc trdbataekdh reutc lreo tcdgncr te pupahs.

Pupahs geoc te tnc ghdssreeo watn d wabc vdracty el halc

cxpcrackgcs tndt gdk ckragn tnc tcdgnakf el tnc odkbdtcb

gurraguhuo. Pupahs gdk tncrclerc gektrajutc d frcdt bcdh te

basgussaeks el sustdakdjahaty watn ejscrvdtaeks lreo tncar

kcafnjeurneebs djeut wndt as sustdakdjhc dkb wndt as ket.

Rcdgncrs gdk tnck akgerperdtc tncsc cxpcrackgcs akte tncar

hcsseks tnreufn ghdss basgussaeks tndt prevabc pupahs watn

rcdh halc dpphagdtaeks el gekgcpts.

Vny

Ekc el tnc smahhs tndt CWB bcvcheps as tnc djahaty te geooukagdtc

erdhhy dkb ak wratakf. Basgussaeks favc pupahs eppertukatacs

te bcvchep erdh geooukagdtaek smahhs (c.f. bcvchepakf legus

dkb purpesc jclerc spcdmakf, dgtavc hastckakf, juahbakf ek

tnc abcds el etncrs, suoodrazakf, dkb qucstaekakf). Pupahs

watn strekf dubatery hcdrkakf oebdhatacs hcdrk wchh lreo

basgussaeks, jetn lreo hastckakf dkb cxprcssakf tncar ewk

abcds.


Ghdssreeo basgussaeks9

Drc stubckt-gcktrcb,

Wtaouhdtc pupahs te dkdhysc dkb tnakm gratagdhhy, dkb

Preoetc pdrtagapdtery hcdrkakf.

New

Ghdss basgussaeks rcquarc phdkkakf ds watn etncr typcs el

tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs. Basgussaek gdk jc juaht akte d hcgturc

er dreukb d hast el qucstaeks, d prejhco te sehvc, d phdk te

jc odbc, er dk dgtavaty te jc geophctcb. Dhh el tncsc rcquarc

vcrjdh cxgndkfcs doekf freup ocojcrs. Basgussaeks gdk

tdmc d vdracty el leros. Hdrfc-freup basgussaeks akvehvc tnc

wnehc ghdss= sodhh-freup basgussaeks iust twe te sax pupahs.

Basgussaeks gdk jc tcdgncr-hcb, pupah-hcb, er aktcrdgtavc.

Basgussaeks be rcquarc scttakf dkb cklergakf freukb ruhcs

(c.f. ekc pcrsek spcdms dt d taoc wnahc tnc etncrs hastck).

Rcdgncrs gdk usc basgussaeks te dsscss pupah mkewhcbfc dkbdpphagdtaek el tnc tnrcc spncrcs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt

ckvarekockt, segacty, dkb cgekeoy. Weoctaocs ekc el tnc

dspcgts as ejvaeus (c.f. rcgyghakf dhuoakauo as feeb ler tnc

ckvarekockt jcgdusc at gekscrvcs ckcrfy), jut etncrs oafnt

ket jc ds ejvaeus (c.f. rcgyghakf as feeb ler tnc cgekeoy

jcgdusc at copheys pcephc, dkb rcgyghakf as feeb ler segacty

jcgdusc tnc gaty fevcrkockt becs ket ndvc te spckb ds

ougn ek fdrjdfc gehhcgtaek dkb baspesdh dkb gdk tncrclerc

dhhegdtc tnc oekcy ler etncr praeratacs dkb kccbs, ler cxdophc

cbugdtaek).

Wcc Wdophc Dgtavaty9 New as tnc Dgtavaty Pagturcb Wustdakdjhc5

Ghdss basgussaek.



18/51

Assuc Dkdhysas Rcgnkaqucs

Assuc dkdhysas as d strugturcb tcgnkaquc ler cxpherakf tnc

ckvarekocktdh, segadh, cgekeoag, dkb pehatagdh reets el

prejhcos tndt ldgc geooukatacs. Assuc dkdhysas nchps pupahs

abcktaly odier drfuockts rchdtcb te d geooukaty prejhco

ds wchh ds mcy stdmcnehbcrs dkb tncar pcrspcgtavcs, fedhs,

dkb dssuoptaeks rchdtcb te tndt prejhco. Assuc dkdhysas dhse

heems gratagdhhy dt tnc prepescb sehutaeks dkb tnc gests

fflkdkgadh dkb etncrwascdkb dt wne wahh jcdr tnesc gests.

Assuc dkdhysas gdk jc bekc jracy er ak bcptn. Assuc dkdhysas

as aktcrbasgaphakdry, jrabfakf tnc kdturdh dkb segadh sgackgcs.

Vny

Wustdakdjahaty as dk evcr-drgnakf pdrdbafo tndt ckgeopdsscs

ckvarekocktdh, segadh, cgekeoag, dkb pehatagdh prejhcos dkb

assucs tndt ldgc geooukatacs dreukb tnc werhb. Vnck tnc

pupahs el tebdy dssuoc pesataeks el hcdbcrsnap dkb jcgeoc

vetcrs, tncy wahh ndvc te bcdh watn geophcx assucs tndt ndvc

ke saophc dkswcrs. Vnahc ak sgneeh, tncy sneuhb bcvchep tnc

teehs dkb lrdocwerms ler tnakmakf ak d wdy tndt wahh nchp

tnco uktdkfhc tnc geophcxatacs el sustdakdjahaty assucs

tndt ldgc tncar geooukatacs. Rncy wahh dhse kccb te hcdrk te

grcdtc sehutaeks tndt drc hegdhhy dpprepradtc dkb dt tnc sdoctaoc mccp ak oakb fhejdh gekscquckgcs (c.f. ghcdkakf up

hegdh pehhutaek watneut snappakf texag dkb ndzdrbeus wdstc

te dketncr geuktry). Assuc dkdhysas fuabcs pupahs tnreufn

d pregcss tndt gdk jc uscb watn dky assuc. At as d fckcrag

pregcss tndt gdk jc dpphacb te d wabc rdkfc el ckvarekocktdh,

segadh, dkb cgekeoag prejhcos.

Assucs dkdhysas dhse favcs pupahs d wdy te geoc te fraps watn

tnc lcchakf tndt seoctnakf as ket quatc rafnt ak tncar ewk

geooukaty dkb ak geooukatacs dreukb tnc werhb, jut tndt

tncy be ket yct ndvc tnc smahhs te cxpherc. Pupahs tebdy geoc

te sgneeh watn jredb cxpesurc te tnc ocbad. Rncsc ocbad puttnco ak gektdgt watn pcephc eutsabc tncar kcafnjeurneebs

dkb dreukb tnc werhb. Dbbataekdhhy ocbad cxpesc tnco te

cxgcssavc wcdhtn dkb frakbakf pevcrty ds wchh ds odky etncr

akcquatacs ak tnc werhb. Pupahs ncdr sccoakfhy gektrdbagtery

ldgts, ler cxdophc, tndt pcephc ndvc kcvcr jcck wcdhtnacrdkb yct oerc tndk d jahhaek pcephc dreukb tnc werhb havc ek

hcss tndk ekc SW behhdr pcr bdy.


Assuc dkdhysas9

Jrakfs rchcvdkgc te tnc gurraguhuo.

Preoetcs nafncr erbcr tnakmakf smahhs dkb gratagdh tnakmakf

smahhs.

Preoetcs bcgasaek-odmakf (c.f. cvdhudtakf wnagn

prepescb sehutaek as jcst).

Preoetcs tnakmakf djeut tnc luturc.

New

Assucs dkdhysas jcfaks watn kdoakf dk assuc er prejhco dkb

jcakf djhc te ghcdrhy bcfflkc at. Wcvcrdh feeb assuc dkdhysas

lrdocwerms dppcdr ak tnc cbugdtaekdh hatcrdturc. Rwe

lrdocwerms, wnagn drc jdscb ek hasts el qucstaeks te dsm

djeut dk assuc, drc lcdturcb ak tnc sdophc dgtavatacs scgtaek.

Pupahs dkswcr tnc hast el qucstaeks ler d geooukaty assuc er

prejhco. Assuc dkdhysas gdk jc bekc akbavabudhhy, ds d sodhh

freup er ds d ghdss.

Wcc Wdophc Dgtavatacs9 Gratagdhhy Zcdbakf Kcwspdpcr Drtaghcs9

Wustdakdjahaty assucs dkdhysas.

Vratakf d Jracl9 Hegdh sustdakdjahaty

assuc dkdhysas.



19/51

Wterytchhakf

Rchhakf steracs te gekvcy dkb ahhustrdtc sustdakdjahaty abcds

as dk ckfdfakf lero el tcdgnakf. Wteracs gdk jc tdmck lreo

gurrckt cvckts, nastery, tchcvasaek prefrdoocs, hatcrdturc,

brdod, dkb pcrsekdh cxpcrackgc. Wterytchhakf dhse brdws

ek tnc erdh trdbataeks el akbafckeus segactacs dkb lehm drt.

Wterytchhakf nds jcck prdgtascb ler fckcrdtaeks ds d ocdks

el cktcrtdakockt, cbugdtaek er guhturdh prcscrvdtaek dkb te

akstah oerdhvdhucs doekf yeukfcr fckcrdtaeks. Wterytchhakf

as dk cllcgtavc CWB pcbdfefy ds tnc vdhucs rccgtcb ak

trdbataekdh steracs eltck gektdak tnc wasbeo el tnc chbcrs er

stco lreo grcdtaek steracs, wnagn nchps te aopdrt rcspcgt ler

guhturdh ncratdfc ds wchh ds tnc ckvarekockt.

Vny

Wterytchhakf odmcs abcds, tnceracs, dkb gekgcpts hcdrkcb lreo

tcxtjeems geoc dhavc. Wterytchhakf dbbs d nuodk chcockt te

etncrwasc bry aklerodtaek. Rnas ckdjhcs tcdgncrs te jcttcr

trdksoat sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt aklerodtaek, prakgaphcs

dkb vdhucs te pupahs. Wterytchhakf as cspcgadhhy feeb ler pupahs

wnesc prclcrrcb hcdrkakf oebdhaty as dubatery. Zcocojcrakf

d hast el asehdtcb gekgcpts dkb bcfflkataeks as balfflguht, jut

rcgdhhakf tnc ew el d stery rchdtcb te tncsc gekgcpts ody jccdsacr ler pupahs. D stery ody dhse prevabc d kek-tnrcdtckakf

wdy te cdsc pupahs akte hcdrkakf. Wteracs ckfdfc pcephc el dhh

dfcs dkb djahatacs.

Gekkcgtaek te CWB pcbdfefacs

Wterytchhakf9

Hakms te trdbataekdh dkb akbafckeus mkewhcbfc dkb pdsscs

wasbeo lreo ekc fckcrdtaek te tnc kcxt=

Ckfdfcs hcdrkcrs watn guhturdh ncratdfc dkb tnc leurtn

baocksaek el sustdakdjahaty, guhturc=

Gekkcgts watn dubatery hcdrkcrs, wne drc ket luhhy

ckfdfcb ak ghdssreeo jdscb ek hcdrkakf lreo tcxtjeems,te dbbrcss assucs el ghdssreeo cquaty=

Akgerperdtcs prakgaphcs, pcrspcgtavcs, dkb vdhucs rchdtcb

te sustdakdjahaty.

New

D hcssek gdk jc strugturcb watn d sterytchhakf geopekckt

tndt ahhustrdtcs tnc dgdbcoag gektckt er dbbs d sustdakdjahaty

geopekckt te tnc hcssek. Ler cxdophc, prcbdter-prcy

rchdtaeksnaps gdk ndvc d sustdakdjahaty twast jy tchhakf d

stery el tnc ukaktckbcb gekscquckgcs el tnc aktrebugtaekel kek-kdtavc spcgacs (c.f. rdjjats akte Dustrdhad). Zdtncr

tndk prefrcssakf tnreufn tnc odtcradh ldgt jy ldgt, tnas

ody jc tehb watnak d stery strugturc juaht ek d phet watn

dk akatadh satudtaek, gekagt, geophagdtaek, ghaodx, suspcksc,

rcsehutaek, dkb gekghusaek. Vatn prdgtagc, tnc pdgc el d stery

gdk jc vdracb dkb suspcksc juaht tnreufn pduscs te brdw

pupahs dttcktaek.

D vdradtaek el tnas hcssek phdk as, akstcdb el prevabakf tnc

rcsehutaek te d stery, dsmakf pupahs te aodfakc at, tncrcjy

dhhewakf pupahs te bcvchep prejhco-sehvakf dkb gratagdh

tnakmakf smahhs. Rcdgncrs gdk dsm qucstaeks sugn ds9

Vndt be yeu aodfakc ndppcks kcxt5 New as tndt d hefagdh

cxtcksaek te tnc stery5 Vndt be yeu tnakm geuhb ndvc

ndppckcb al5

Jrakfakf tnc stery jdgm te tnc gektckt el tnc hcssek dkb tnc

tncoc el sustdakdjahaty as aopertdkt. Rcdgncrs gdk dsm, ler

cxdophc, new becs tnas stery ahhustrdtc sustdakdjahaty dkb ats

prakgaphcs dkb vdhucs5 Epckhy hakmakf tnc stery te tnc ghdss

gektckt as aopertdkt. Dhtneufn tnc tac jctwcck tnc stery

dkb tnc gektckt as ejvaeus te tnc tcdgncr, at ody ket jc se

te tnc pupahs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment


20/51

Geojakakf Rcdgnakf Rcgnkaqucs

Odky etncr tcdgnakf tcgnkaqucs tndt ckfdfc pupahs ak

pdrtagapdtery hcdrkakf dkb nafn-erbcr tnakmakf smahhs cxast.

Rnc Aktcrkct as luhh el hcssek phdks jdscb ek ballcrckt

tcdgnakf dkb hcdrkakf tcgnkaqucs. Pdrt el tnc gndhhckfc as

ndvakf d gencrckt phdk te usc d vdracty el tcgnkaqucs te

dgnacvc hcdrkakf fedhs (c.f. lestcrakf jetn akbcpckbckt dkb

gehhdjerdtavc hcdrkakf) ds wchh ds tcdgnakf tnc gektckt el tnc

odkbdtcb syhhdjus. Rnc CWB Hcks Zcvacw Reeh >9 Rcdgnakf

dkb Hcdrkakf Wtrdtcfacs as bcsafkcb te nchp tcdgncrs jdhdkgc

tcdgncr-gcktrcb dkb hcdrkcr-gcktrcb dppredgncs ds wchh ds

cxdoakakf new tncsc dppredgncs gdk jc geojakcb ak dk CWBhcdrkakf pregcss.

Wcc Wdophc Dgtavaty9 CWB Hcks Zcvacw Reeh >9 Rcdgnakf dkb

Hcdrkakf Wtrdtcfacs.

Re dggcss tnc CWB Hcks Zcvacw Reeh >9 Rcdgnakf dkb Hcdrkakf

Wtrdtcfacs, epck tnc lehhewakf nypcrhakm dkb fe te pdfc

ckgeurdfcs d jdhdkgc jctwcck tcdgncr-

gcktrcb dkb hcdrkcr-gcktrcb dppredgncs ds wchh ds geojakakf

ballcrckt tcdgnakf dkb tcdgnakf pregcsscs.

nttp9//ukcsbeg.ukcsge.erf/aodfcs/0041/00410>/410>1>c.

pbl

Zclcrckgcs

Ghdrm, P. :000. Rcdgnakf Gektrevcrsadh Assucs, Frcck Rcdgncr,

\eh. . Rcdgnakf, hcdrkakf,

dkb dsscssakf ckvarekocktdh assucs. Ieurkdh el Fcefrdpny,

\eh. 406, pp. 4


21/51

CWB Hcssek PhdkSkatcb Kdtaeks

gdtaekdh, Wgacktafflg dkbGuhturdh Erfdkazdtaek

Wustdakdjhc Lasncracs Odkdfcockt Akquary9

D saouhdtaek dgtavaty

BCWGZAPRAEK9 Wustdakdjhc odkdfcockt el d rcseurgc peeh

as geophcx, akvehvakf odky segadh dkb cgekeoag vdradjhcs.

Ak tnas saouhdtaek, teetnpagms rcprcsckt fflsn ak d hdmc

surreukbcb jy d fflsnakf vahhdfc. Zcsabckts el tnc vahhdfc fflsn

ler sustckdkgc dkb cgekeoag wchh-jcakf dkb drc gndhhckfcb

te odmc tncar rcseurgcs lccb cvcryekc ak tnc vahhdfc ler dhh

taocs.

RCDGNAKF RCGNKATSCW9 saouhdtaek, ndkbs-ek, ghdssbasgussaek.

FZDBC HC\CHW9Hewcr dkb uppcr scgekbdry.

EJICGRA\C9Re hcdrk djeut sustdakdjhc rcseurgc odkdfcockt

dkb tnc kcgcssaty ler geooukaty geepcrdtaek.

\EGDJSHDZQ9Wustdakdjhc Zcseurgc Odkdfcockt, rcphckasn

ODRCZADHW9Reetnpagms er pcjjhcs (djeut 4:0 pcr freup el

leur pupahs).

RAOC970 teetnpagms drc hclt ak

tnc hdmc, tnck 2 teetnpagms drc dbbcb te tnc rcseurgc peeh.)

Pupahs phdy fdoc. Al d geooukaty becs ket odkdfc tnc fflsn

stegm wchh dkb rcoevcs tnco dhh lreo tnc egcdk, cxphdak

tnc gekscquckgcs (c.f. tnc ocojcrs el tnc geooukatygeuhb bac el stdrvdtaek er ndvc te rchegdtc). Zcqucst tnc

pupahs stdrt tnc fdoc evcr.

Dsm tnc pupahs qucstaeks te dkswcr wnahc phdyakf9

Vndt as tnc odxaouo kuojcr el fflsn tndt cdgn pcrsek

gdk watnbrdw dkb stahh ndvc tnc rcseurgc peeh hdst ler

fckcrdtaeks5

Basgussaek qucstaeks lehhewakf tnc fdoc9

(4) Vndt bab yeu hcdrk5

(:) New as tnas saouhdtaek hamc rcdh halc5

(7) New becs tnc saouhdtaek ballcr lreo rcdh halc5

GHEWSZC9Vndt bab yeu hcdrk djeut havakf ak d sustdakdjhc

geooukaty lreo tnas dgtavaty5

C\DHSDRAEK9Hastck te tnc rcspekscs el tnc tnrcc basgussaek

qucstaeks ds wchh ds tnc ghesurc. Rnc dkswcrs drc rcvcdhakf el

pupah ukbcrstdkbakf.

C^RCKWAEK9 Dsm pupahs te tchh steracs djeut tnc halc tncy

weuhb hcdb ak tnas fflsnakf vahhdfc dkb new at dllcgts tnc

kuojcr el fflsn tncy tdmc lreo tnc scd. Ler cxdophc, ekcpcrsek as sakfhc dkb tdmcs ekc fflsn. Dketncr pcrsek as odrracb

watn gnahbrck dkb rcquarcs tnrcc fflsn te lccb nas wnehc ldoahy.

Dketncr pcrsek tdmcs twe fflsnekc ler ncrschl dkb dketncr

te schh te tnc rcstdurdkt.

WDLCRQ9 Zcoakb pupahs ket te put tnc teetnpagms ak tncar

oeutns jcgdusc tncy gdrry fcros lreo etncr pcephcs ndkbs.

Zcoakb pupahs tndt tnc teetnpagms drc sndrp dkb ruhcs ler

sndrp ejicgts dpphy (c.f. ke pemakf ghdssodtcs).

WESZGCW9

SKCWGE. :00


22/51



New as tnc Dgtavaty Pagturcb Wustdakdjhc5

Ghdss basgussaek

BCWGZAPRAEK9Rnas hcssek leguscs ek pupah bcsgraptaeks el

tnc tnrcc spncrcs el sustdakdjahaty ak tncar ewk geooukaty.

Wustdakdjahaty as eltck tneufnt el ds rchdtcb sehchy te tnc

ckvarekockt. Rnas dgtavaty jrakfs eut tnc segadh dkb cgekeoag

baocksaeks el sustdakdjahaty.

RCDGNAKF RCGNKATSCW9Ghdss basgussaek, frdpnag dkdhysas.

FZDBC HC\CHW9Sppcr praodry dkb hewcr scgekbdry.

EJICGRA\C9Re juahb pupah ukbcrstdkbakf el dhh tnrcc spncrcs

el sustdakdjahaty ckvarekockt, segacty, dkb cgekeoy.

\EGDJSHDZQ9Wustdakdjhc bcvchepockt.

ODRCZADHW9 Pagturcs el dgtavatacs ak tnc geooukaty (c.f.

rabakf d jagyghc, rcgyghakf, juyakf leeb tndt as hegdhhy frewk

akstcdb el aopertcb leeb, purgndsakf lreo hegdh ocrgndkts

rdtncr tndk odier bcpdrtockt stercs er supcrodrmcts,

usakf d rcusdjhc gup rdtncr tndk baspesdjhc ekc, phdktakf

d trcc, vasatakf tnc geooukaty hajrdry, ockterakf tnc kcxt

fckcrdtaek, dttckbakf geooukaty occtakfs).

RAOC970 te


23/51

ldrocrs dkb tncar ldoahacs fflkdkgadhhy. Juyakf hegdhhy frewk

prebugc gektrajutcs te geooukaty wchh-jcakf ak tndt hegdhhyfrewk leebs drc eltck oerc kutrataeus.

Pagturc el d hegdhhy ewkcb sterc.

Ekc el tnc prakgaphcs el d sustdakdjhc cgekeoy as te mccp

oekcy garguhdtakf watnak d geooukaty ds hekf ds pessajhc.

Purgndsakf lreo hegdh ocrgndkts rdtncr tndk supcrodrmcts

as feeb ler tnc hegdh cgekeoy. Al pcephc juy feebs lreo d

hdrfc basgeukt sterc, tnc prefflt fecs te tnc gerperdtaek dkb

stegmnehbcrs wne drc ket usudhhy d pdrt el tnc geooukaty ak

wnagn tnc sterc as hegdtcb. Al d pcrsek juys ghetnakf lreo

d hegdh ocrgndkt, tndt ocrgndkt gdk juy leeb lreo d hegdhldrocr, wne gdk tnck juy snecs lreo d hegdh ocrgndkt, ctg.

Pagturc el d stdgm el rcusdjhc gups dkb baspesdjhc gups

kcxt te d hdrfc jcvcrdfc gektdakcr.

Ssakf d rcusdjhc gup rdtncr tndk d baspesdjhc ekc rcbugcs tnc

doeukt el fdrjdfc geooukatacs ndvc te odkdfc. Fdrjdfc

gehhcgtaek dkb baspesdh drc cxpcksavc. Ak dbbataek, rcusakf

gups rcquarcs hcss ckcrfy tndk odkuldgturakf kcw ekcs.

Ssakf hcss ckcrfy ocdks rcbugakf tnc usc el lessah luchs dkb

tnc prebugtaek el frcckneusc fdsscs.

Pagturc el d yeukf trcc jcakf phdktcb.

Phdktakf d trcc as feeb ler tnc ckvarekockt jcgdusc at nehbs

tnc tepseah ak phdgc dkb at dhse nchps tnc geooukaty jy

puralyakf tnc dar dkb prevabakf sndbc. Rnas kdturdh geehakf as

ougn hcss cxpcksavc tndk ocgndkagdh dar gekbataekakf.

Pagturc el d hajrdry.

Hajrdracs drc doekfst tnc oest sustdakdjhc akstatutaeks ak eur

geooukatacs. Ket ekhy be tncy dhhew pcephc te jerrew dkb

rcdb ldr oerc jeems dkb odfdzakcs tndk tncy geuhb dllerb,

tncy drc dhse rcpesateracs el geooukaty aklerodtaek (c.f.

kcwspdpcr gehhcgtaeks), wnagn suppert geooukaty bcgasaek

odmakf.

D pagturc el dk ehbcr pcrsek wermakf watn gnahbrck.

Ockterakf tnc kcxt fckcrdtaek as dk aopertdkt pdrt el segadh

sustdakdjahaty. Ehbcr fckcrdtaeks kccb te trdksoat tncar

mkewhcbfc, smahhs dkb wasbeo te tnc yeukfcr fckcrdtaeks.Wugn aktcrdgtaeks pdss ek guhturdh mkewhcbfc, wnagn dbbs

ragnkcss te havcs dkb gdk nchp prcvckt pevcrty er ahhkcss.

D pagturc el d geooukaty/kcafnjeurneeb occtakf er safk

dkkeukgakf d pujhag occtakf.

Pujhag pdrtagapdtaek as dk aopertdkt teeh er wdy el beakf

jusakcss ak grcdtakf sustdakdjhc geooukatacs. Rnesc wnesc

havcs wahh jc dllcgtcb jy fevcrkockt bcgasaeks sneuhb jc favck

dk eppertukaty te cxprcss tncar bcsarcs dkb gekgcrks. Pujhag

pdrtagapdtaek rcquarcs d pujhag tndt as wahhakf te pdrtagapdtc

dkb ler geooukaty ocojcrs te cxprcss tncar epakaeks.

New as tnc Dgtavaty Pagturcb Wustdakdjhc5Ghdss basgussaek


24/51



Vratakf d Jracl9

Hegdh sustdakdjahaty assuc dkdhysasBCWGZAPRAEK9Rnc hcssek phdk favcs pupahs dk eppertukaty te

prdgtasc assuc dkdhysas.

RCDGNAKF RCGNKATSCW9Assuc dkdhysas, ghdss basgussaek.

FZDBC HC\CHW9Sppcr scgekbdry.

EJICGRA\C9 Re favc pupahs prdgtagc dkdhysakf geophcx

sustdakdjahaty assucs dt tnc geooukaty hcvch.

\EGDJSHDZQ9 Wpdtadh bastrajutaek, hekfcvaty, rasm,

ukaktckbcb gekscquckgcs.

ODRCZADHW9 (4) Kcwspdpcr drtaghcs, jregnurcs, dkb etncr

pujhagdtaeks ek d hegdh sustdakdjahaty assuc dkb (:) hast el

47 assuc dkdhysas qucstaeks

RAOC9Rwe ghdss scssaeks (dpprexaodtchy 23 oakutcs te dk

neur cdgn) scpdrdtcb jy dt hcdst d bdy ler pupahs te geophctc

tnc dssafkockt ds neocwerm.

RCDGNAKF WCTSCKGC9

Rnc tcdgncr schcgts dk assuc tndt tnc hegdh geooukaty

ldgcs dkb prcpdrcs ler assuc dkdhysas jy gehhcgtakf

kcwspdpcr drtaghcs, jregnurcs, ctg. ek tnc assucs

Rcdgncr favcs tnc dssafkockt.

Dssafkockt9Qeu drc wermakf ler tnc gaty fevcrkockt. Dk

assuc as ek tnc gatys dfckbd ler basgussaek dkb pessajhc

dgtaek ak tnc geoakf oektns. Lreo tnc hast el 47 assuc

dkdhysas qucstaeks, schcgt tnc fflvc oest aopertdkt te tnas

assuc dkb wratc d twe-pdfc jracl ler yeur supcrvaser tndt s/

nc gdk basguss dt tnc kcxt stdll occtakf.

Pupahs rcdb tnc pujhasncb odtcradhs dkb tnck schcgt tncfflvc qucstaeks tncy tnakm drc tnc oest aopertdkt.

Rnc tcdgncr hcdbs d basgussaek ek wnagn chcockts tnc

pupahs geksabcr te jc tnc oest aopertdkt dkb wny.

Rnc pupahs geophctc tnc dssafkockt.

Rnc tcdgncr rcdbs tnc geophctcb dssafkockt dkb prcpdrcs

d basgussaek ek twe er tnrcc el tnc 47 qucstaeks (c.f.

wndt drc tnc dbvdktdfcs dkb basdbvdktdfcs el tnc

prepescb sehutaeks5).

GHEWSZC9Vndt bab yeu hcdrk djeut tnc pregcss el geooukatyassuc akvcstafdtaek5

C\DHSDRAEK9 Grcdtc d sgerakf fuabc er rujrag dkb dsscss

geophctcb dssafkockt usakf tnc sgerakf fuabc er rujrag. (Wcc

Dsscssakf Pupah Hcdrkakf watn Zujrags Jracl ak tnas scracs.)

C^RCKWAEK9Akvatc dk copheycc el tnc gaty fevcrkockt te

tdhm te tnc ghdss djeut tnc assuc dkb te hastck te tnc pupahs

aktcrcsts dkb gekgcrks.

DHRCZKDRA\C DWWAFKOCKR9

Ak phdgc el usakf d geooukaty assuc ler tnas dssafkockt tnc

tcdgncr gneescs d sgckdrae er gdsc stuby ler tnc pupahs te

dkdhysc. Phcdsc ketc tndt al tnc tcdgncr schcgts d sgckdrae

tndt tnc pupah wahh ndvc te usc tncar aodfakdtaeks er gehhcgt

bdtd lreo etncr seurgcs rdtncr tndk usakf hegdhhy-rchdtcb

ldgts te geophctc tnc dssafkockt.

Wgckdrae 4 Rnc gaty nds jcck dppredgncb jy d wdstc nduhcr

lreo d wcdhtny geuktry. Rnc nduhcr nds ellcrcb te pdy tnc gaty

$:0,000 al tncy dggcpt teks el chcgtrekag wdstc buopcb ek

vdgdkt hdkb kcdr tnc gaty buop.

Wgckdrae : Rnc gaty weuhb hamc te akstdhh d wdtcr purafflgdtaek

phdkt ler tnc gatys wdtcr systco. Gurrckthy, tnc wdtcr ak tnc

systco as ket purafflcb dkb odky pcephc fct sagm lreo at,

cspcgadhhy akldkts, yeukf gnahbrck, dkb tnc chbcrhy.

Wgckdrae 7 D rcdh cstdtc bcvchepcr dsms tnc gaty te purgndsc

vdgdkt prepcrty watnak tnc gaty haoats te gekstrugt dk elfflgc

juahbakf. Rnc kcafnjeurs eppesc tnc abcd jcgdusc tnc hdkb

as tnc ekhy kcdrjy epck spdgc, wnagn tncy usc ler rcgrcdtaek.

Newcvcr, tnc gaty kccbs oekcy dkb as geksabcrakf schhakf tnc

hdkb.

WDLCRQ9Ket Dpphagdjhc


25/51

47 Assuc Dkdhysas Tucstaeks

4. Vndt drc tnc odak nasteragdh dkb gurrckt gduscs (a.c. pnysagdh/jaetag, segadh/guhturdh, er cgekeoag) el tnc assuc5

:. Vndt drc tnc fcefrdpnag sgdhc, tnc spdtadh bastrajutaek, dkb tnc hekfcvaty el tnc assuc5

7. Vndt drc tnc odier rasms dkb gekscquckgcs te tnc kdturdh ckvarekockt5

2. Vndt drc tnc odier rasms dkb tnc gekscquckgcs te nuodk systcos5

3. Vndt drc tnc cgekeoag aophagdtaeks5

. Vndt odier segadh vdhucs (c.f. cgekeoag, cgehefagdh, pehatagdh, dcstnctag) drc akvehvcb ak er aklrakfcb ek jy

tncsc sehutaeks5

1. Vndt freup(s) el pcephc weuhb jc dbvcrschy aopdgtcb jy er jcdr tnc gest el tncsc sehutaeks5

40. Vndt as tnc pehatagdh stdtus el tnc prejhco dkb sehutaeks5

44. New as tnas assuc gekkcgtcb te etncr assucs5

4:. Vndt gndkfc gdk yeu odmc er ndvc odbc ak yeur bdahy halc te hcssck tnc assuc5

47. Jcyekb gndkfcs ak yeur bdahy halc, wndt as tnc kcxt stcp yeu geuhb tdmc te dbbrcss tnc assuc5

Weurgc9 OgMcewk-Agc, Z. dkb Bckbakfcr, Z. :00>. Rcdgnakf, hcdrkakf, dkb dsscssakf ckvarekocktdh assucs.Ieurkdh el Fcefrdpny, \eh. 406, pp. 4


26/51



Gratagdhhy Zcdbakf Kcwspdpcr Drtaghcs9

Wustdakdjahaty assuc dkdhysas

BCWGZAPRAEK9 Rnc hcssek phdk favcs pupahs dk eppertukaty

te prdgtasc assuc dkdhysas.

RCDGNAKF RCGNKATSCW9 Iafsdw geepcrdtavc hcdrkakf,

assuc dkdhysas, ghdss basgussaek.

FZDBC HC\CHW9Sppcr praodry dkb hewcr scgekbdry.

EJICGRA\C9 Re favc pupahs tnc eppertukaty te hcdrk te

gratagdhhy rcdb kcwspdpcr drtaghcs ek hegdh sustdakdjahatyassucs. Rncy wahh dhse hcdrk djeut tncar geooukaty ak tnc

pregcss.

\EGDJSHDZQ9Dssuoptaeks, odkapuhdtaek, gektrevcrsy

ODRCZADHW9 Rnrcc kcwspdpcr drtaghcs ek d gektrevcrsadh

tepag el hegdh aktcrcst, wnagn as rchdtcb te sustdakdjahaty.

RAOC9 2363 oakutcs.

RCDGNAKF WCTSCKGC9

Rcdgncr scpdrdtcs tnc ghdss akte hcdrkakf tcdos (a.c.freups el tnrcc).

Rcdgncr favcs cdgn pupah ak tnc hcdrkakf tcdo d gepy el

ekc el tnc tnrcc drtaghcs. Cdgn pupah sahckthy rcdbs ncr/

nas drtaghc twagc.

Pupahs scpdrdtc akte tnrcc tcoperdry cxpcrt freups

dggerbakf te tnc drtaghc tncy wcrc dssafkcb te rcdb ak tnc

cxpcrt freups. (Ler cxdophc, dhh tnesc watn drtaghc kuojcr

ekc sat tefctncr.) Rnc pupahs abcktaly dkb basguss tnc odak

peakts el tncar rcdbakf dkb rcncdrsc new tncy wahh prcsckt

tnco te tncar ewk hcdrkakf tcdos. Rnc tnrcc cxpcrt freupsbasjdkb dkb cdgn hcdrkakf tcdo rcdsscojhcs.

Cdgn pcrsek ak tnc hcdrkakf tcdo prcsckts tnc aklerodtaek

lreo ncr/nas kcwspdpcr drtaghc. Rnc etncrs ak tnc freup

dsm qucstaeks ler ghdrafflgdtaek.

Cdgn hcdrkakf tcdo wratcs dkswcrs te tnc lehhewakf leur

qucstaeks jdscb ek tnc kcwspdpcr drtaghcs.

Vndt as tnc assuc djeut dkb new becs at rchdtc te

sustdakdjahaty5

Vndt drc tnc drfuockts5

Vndt drc tnc dssuoptaeks odbc5

New drc tnc drfuockts odkapuhdtcb5

Rnc tcdgncr tnck hcdbs d ghdss basgussaek, favakf cdgn

freup d gndkgc te dbb tncar abcds te tnc basgussaek.

GHEWSZC9Vndt bab yeu hcdrk tebdy djeut kcwspdpcrs ds d

seurgc el aklerodtaek5

C\DHSDRAEK9Hastck te tnc basgussaek el tnc leur qucstaeks

ds wchh ds tnc ghesurc. Rnc dkswcrs rcvcdh d frcdt bcdh djeut

wndt tnc pupahs ndvc ukbcrsteeb.

C^RCKWAEK9 Zcpcdt tnas dgtavaty usakf d ballcrckt tepag.Zcpctataek wahh nchp pupahs gcockt tncar smahhs dkb bccpck

tncar mkewhcbfc djeut etncr tepags tndt ldgc tncar geooukaty.

WDLCRQ9 Vnck pupahs oevc te tncar freups tncy oust jc

rcspcgtluh el etncrs, ket iesthakf dkyekc er rcoevakf ncr/

nas gndar.

WESZGCW9

Ghdrm, P. :000. Rcdgnakf Gektrevcrsadh Assucs, Frcck Rcdgncr,

\eh.


27/51



Zcdbakf d Rrdbataekdh Rdhc9

D sterytchhakf dgtavatyBCWGZAPRAEK9 Rnas hcssek akvatcs rccgtaek upek tnc

prakgaphcs el trutn dkb ldhscneeb dkb wnctncr er ket tncy

gektrajutc te tnc gatazcksnap rcquarcb ler oerc sustdakdjhc

segactacs. Rnas dgtavaty nafnhafnts nuodk vdhucs dkb ctnags

dssegadtcb watn sustdakdjahaty.

RCDGNAKF RCGNKATSCW9Wterytchhakf.

FZDBC HC\CHW9Praodry

EJICGRA\C9 Re bcvchep ukbcrstdkbakf el nuodk vdhucs

dssegadtcb watn sustdakdjahaty, sugn ds rcspeksajahaty dkb

gatazcksnap, dkb te ckfdfc pupahs ak nafncr-erbcr tnakmakf

smahhs.

\EGDJSHDZQ9Rrutn, ldhscneeb, bcgcavc, gatazcksnap, geooek

feeb.

ODRCZADHW9Rcxt el lehm tdhc Larc, Vdtcr, Rrutn dkb Ldhscneeb

RAOC923 oakutcs.

RCDGNAKF WCTSCKGC9

Cxphdak te tnc pupahs jdsag gekgcpts el sustdakdjahaty dkbvegdjuhdry, sugn ds

wermakf akbavabudhhy er tefctncr ler tnc geooek feeb,

gatazcksnap (a.c. tnc jcndvaeur el dk akbavabudh ak tcros

el tnc butacs, ejhafdtaeks, dkb lukgtaeks el d ocojcr

el segacty), dkb

trdkspdrckgy (a.c. akleroakf etncrs er tnc pujhag djeut

bcgasaek-odmakf pregcsscs dkb dgtavatacs),

Wct tnc sgckc ler rcdbakf dk Dlragdk tdhc. Ler cxdophc, ak

odky guhturcs, chbcrs tchh steracs te yeukf pcephc te pdss

ek wasbeo= tnas as ekc el odky sugn steracs. Ak tnas stery,

nuodk gndrdgtcrastags (a.c. tchhakf tnc trutn dkb tchhakf

hacs) dkb tnakfs geooekhy leukb ak tnc werhb dreukb us

(a.c. fflrc dkb wdtcr) drc pcrsekafflcb dkb jcgeoc odier

dgters ak tnc stery.

Zcdb tnc lehm tdhc Larc, Vdtcr, Rrutn dkb Ldhscneeb.

Pdusc te hct pupahs tnakm djeut tnc tdhc.

Dsm d pupah te suoodrazc tnc tdhc.

Hcdb d basgussaek hakmakf tnc tdhc te gekgcpts el sustdakdjhcbcvchepockt watn qucstaeks sugn ds9

New as wermakf ler tnc geooek feeb ahhustrdtcb ak tnas tdhc5

New as wermakf ler tnc geooek feeb jremck5

Vnagn gndrdgtcr bcgcavcb dketncr gndrdgtcr5

Vndt wds tnc oetavdtaek el ldhscneeb5 (C.f. frccb)

Vndt becs tnas stery tcdgncs djeut tnc assuc el trutn

dkb ldhscneeb5

Hakm tnc tdhc te bdahy halc

Dsm pupahs te favc cxdophcs lreo bdahy halc tndt ahhustrdtc

wermakf ler tnc geooek feeb dkb feeb gatazcksnap.

Dsm pupahs te favc cxdophcs lreo bdahy halc ak wnagn ler

pcrsekdh fdak dk akbavabudh er dk erfdkazdtaek as ket

trutnluh er trdkspdrckt. New bab tnas nurt tnc geooek

feeb5

New gdk geooattakf eurschvcs te trutnluhkcss dkb

wermakf ler tnc geooek feeb nchp eur geooukaty er

tnc werhb ak fckcrdh5

GHEWSZC9 Dsm pupahs wndt tncy hcdrkcb djeut trutn dkb

sustdakdjahaty.

C\DHSDRAEK9 Hastck te tnc pupahs geoockts ak tnc basgussaek

dkb tnc qucstaeks ak tnc ghesurc.

C^RCKWAEK9 Dsm pupahs te wratc dkb sndrc tncar ewk tdhcs

bcdhakf watn trutn, ldhscneeb dkb sustdakdjahaty.

WDLCRQ9Kekc

WESZGCW9

Frcck, O.G. Wterytchhakf ak tcdgnakf. DPW Ejscrvcr. :002.

nttp9//www.psygnehefagdhsgackgc.erf/ejscrvcr/fctDrtaghc.

glo5ab?43


28/51

Larc, Vdtcr, Rrutn dkb LdhscneebDk Dlragdk Rdhc

Hekf dfe, Larc, Vdtcr, Rrutn, dkb Ldhscneeb havcb tefctncr ak ekc hdrfc neusc. Dhtneufn dhh wcrc pehatc tewdrbcdgn etncr, tncy mcpt tncar bastdkgc. Rrutn dkb Ldhscneeb sdt ek eppesatc sabcs el tnc reeo. Larc gekstdkthy hcdpt

eut el Vdtcrs pdtn.Ekc bdy tncy wckt nuktakf tefctncr. Rncy leukb d hdrfc kuojcr el gdtthc dkb jcfdk bravakf tnco neoc te

tncar vahhdfc. Hct us sndrc tncsc gdtthc cqudhhy, sdab Rrutn ds tncy trdvchhcb dgress tnc frdsshdkbs. Rnas as tncldar wdy te bavabc eur gdptavcs.

Ke ekc basdfrccb watn Rrutn cxgcpt Ldhscneeb. Ldhscneeb wdktcb oerc tndk dk cqudh sndrc jut mcpt quactdjeut at ler tnc oeockt. Ds tnc leur nuktcrs trdvchhcb jdgm te tnc vahhdfc, Ldhscneeb wckt scgrcthy te Vdtcr dkbwnaspcrcb, Qeu drc oerc pewcrluh tndk Larc. Bcstrey Larc dkb tnck tncrc wahh jc oerc gdtthc ler cdgn el us!

Vdtcr ewcb evcr Larc, jujjhakf dkb stcdoakf uktah Larc wds fekc. Vdtcr ocdkbcrcb dhekf, gnccrluhhy tnakmakfdjeut oerc gdtthc ler atschl.

Ldhscneeb, ocdkwnahc, wnaspcrcb te Rrutn. Heem! Wcc ler yeurschl! Vdtcr nds mahhcb Larc! Hct us hcdvc Vdtcr,

wne nds gruchhy bcstreycb eur wdro-ncdrtcb lrackb. Vc oust tdmc tnc gdtthc nafn ak tnc oeuktdaks te frdzc.

Ds Rrutn dkb Ldhscneeb trdvchhcb up tnc oeuktdak, Vdtcr tracb te lehhew. Jut tnc oeuktdak wds tee stccp, dkbVdtcr geuhb ket ew upwdrbs. Vdtcr wdsncb bewk upek atschl, sphdsnakf dkb swarhakf dreukb regms ds at tuojhcbbewk tnc shepc. Heem dkb scc! Vdtcr as stahh tuojhakf bewk tnc oeuktdaksabc te tnas bdy.

Rrutn dkb Ldhscneeb drravcb dt tnc oeuktdaktep. Ldhscneeb turkcb te Rrutn dkb sdab ak d heub veagc, A dooerc pewcrluh tndk yeu! Qeu wahh jc oy scrvdkt. A do yeur odstcr. Dhh tnc gdtthc jchekf te oc!

Rrutn resc up dkb spemc eut, A wahh ket jc yeur scrvdkt!

Rncy jdtthcb dkb jdtthcb. Lakdhhy tncy jreufnt tnc drfuockt te Vakb te bcgabc wne wds odstcr.

Vakb babkt mkew. Vakb jhcw dhh evcr tnc werhb te dsm pcephc wnctncr Rrutn er Ldhscneeb wds oerc pewcrluh.

Weoc pcephc sdab, D sakfhc werb el Ldhscneeb gdk geophctchy bcstrey Rrutn. Etncrs aksastcb, Hamc d sodhhgdkbhc ak tnc bdrm, Rrutn gdk gndkfc cvcry satudtaek.

Vakb fflkdhhy rcturkcb te tnc oeuktdak dkb sdab, A ndvc scck tndt Ldhscneeb as vcry pewcrluh. Jut at gdk ruhcekhy wncrc Rrutn nds steppcb struffhakf te jc ncdrb.

Dkb at nds jcck tndt wdy cvcr sakgc.

(Lercst, 411< pp. 14-1:)

Zcdbakf d Rrdbataekdh Rdhc9D Wterytchhakf dgtavaty


29/51


30/51

Dssafkockt dkb Zujrag

Rcdgncrs prevabc pupahs watn d rujrag wnck tncy favc dkb

cxphdak dk dssafkockt. Jy saouhtdkceushy rcgcavakf tnc

dssafkockt dkb gerrcspekbakf rujrag, tnc pupahs mkew wndt

as cxpcgtcb el tnco. Rnas preoetcs hcdrkakf dkb rcbugcs

frdbc dkxacty. Rnc tcdgncr frdbcs cdgn dssafkockt ek d

rujrag lero dkb favcs tnc pupah tnc lero watn ncr/nas odrm

ek at. Ak tnas wdy, tnc pupah ket ekhy rcgcavcs d spcgafflg odrm,

jut dhse ukbcrstdkbs tnc strckftns dkb wcdmkcsscs el ncr/

nas dssafkockt.

Zujrags ler Dbvdkgcb Wtubckts

Ler stubckts ak scgekbdry sgneeh dkb tcrtadry cbugdtaek,

sgerakf rujrags drc oerc geophcx. Ak dbbataek te tnc hast el

chcockts el tnc dssafkockt, hcvchs el odstcry drc dbbcb,

grcdtakf d frab watn sgerakf chcockts vcrtagdhhy bewk ekc

sabc dkb hcvchs el dttdakockt (c.f. cocrfakf, bcvchepakf,

dkb odstcry er kccbs werm, geopctckt, dkb cxgchhckt)

nerazektdhhy dgress tnc tep. Rnrcc te fflvc hcvchs el dttdakockt

drc geooek. Rnc tcdgncr akscrts bcsgraptaeks el cxpcgtcb

hcvchs el odstcry ler cdgn jex ak tnc frab.

Rdjhc :. Wdophc Atcos lreo Zujrag ler Dkdhysakf d Wustdakdjahaty Assuc

Kccbs Verm Geopctckt Cxgchhckt Geoockts / Wgerc

Gneagc el tepag Repag wds ket

geophcx er

gektrevcrsadh.

Repag wds geophcx

dkb gektrevcrsadh.

Repag wds geophcx

dkb gektrevcrsadh dkb

hckt atschl wchh te

dkdhysas watnak tnc

taoc dhhettcb. /40

Gektckt Akgeophctc frdsp

el aklerodtaek er

mcy peakts oassakf

dkb/er tckueus

hakm te dkdhytagdh

lrdocwerm.

Basphdycb

ukbcrstdkbakf

el tepag jut tac

te dkdhytagdh

lrdocwerm as

tckueus.

Basphdycb luhh frdsp

el tepag ds at rchdtcb

te tnc dkdhytagdh

lrdocwerm.

/43

Gekghubakf Zcodrms

Zujrags drc uscluh teehs te nchp tcdgncrs rdtc pupah

pcrlerodkgc ek vdracb leros el dsscssockt wnahc stahh

dhhewakf ler vdradtaek dkb grcdtavaty ek tnc pdrt el tnc pupahs.

Zujrags drc dhse cxajhc ak tndt tncy dhhew ler d frcdtcr bcptn

el hcdrkakf ek d wabc vdracty el sustdakdjahaty tepags.

Zclcrckgcs

Wtcvcks. B.B. & Hcva, D.I. :003. Aktrebugtaeks te Zujrags9

Dk Dsscssockt Reeh te Wdvc Frdbakf Raoc, Gekvcy Cllcgtavc

Lccbjdgm dkb Preoetc Wtubckt Hcdrkakf. Wtcrhakf \arfakad9

Wtyhus Pujhasnakf.

Mchhy, O. Grcdtakf dkb Ssakf Zujrags9 Odmc Qeur Halc

Cdsacr watn Zujrags. Djeut.geo9 Wcgekbdry Cbugdtaek.

nttp9//64:cbugdters.djeut.geo/gs/rujrags/d/rujrags.nto

(Dggcsscb < Dufust :040.)

Ouchhcr, I. Dutncktag Dsscssockt Reehjex.

nttp9//iekdtndk.ouchhcr.ldguhty.kegtrh.cbu/teehjex/akbcx.

nto(Dggcsscb < Dufust :040.)

Wtc-Odjry, I. :002. Juahbakf Zujrags akte Pewcrluh HcdrkakfDsscssockt Reehs, Mkewhcbfc Tucst, :4(3), Ody/Iukc9 :4-:3.

Dsscssakf Pupah Hcdrkakf watn Zujrags
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/About.comhttp://712educators.about.com/cs/rubrics/a/rubrics.htmhttp://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/index.htmhttp://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/index.htmhttp://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/index.htmhttp://jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/index.htmhttp://712educators.about.com/cs/rubrics/a/rubrics.htmhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/About.com


31/51



Weoc sgneehs prevabc dgtavatacs ler pupahs eutsabc rcfuhdr

sgneeh neurs, ler cxdophc9 tncodtag ghujs dkb ousag, er

dtnhctag prdgtagcs dkb cvckts. Cxtrd-gurraguhdr dgtavatacs ler

pupahs drc usudhhy vehuktdry rdtncr tndk odkbdtery dkb eltck

ndvc segadh, pnahdktnrepag, drtastag, dtnhctag, er etncr fedhs

akstcdb el dgdbcoag ekcs. Pupahs eltck erfdkazc dkb barcgt

tncsc dgtavatacs ukbcr tcdgncr speksersnap er supcrvasaek,

dhtneufn pupah-hcb akatadtavcs drc dhse geooek.

Ak fckcrdh, cxtrd-gurraguhdr dgtavatacs dhhew pupahs te bcvchep

tdhckts, smahhs, dkb djahatacs tndt tnc odkbdtcb praodry dkb

scgekbdry gurraguhuos be ket dbbrcss. Ds d odttcr el segadh

cquaty, dhh pupahs sneuhb ndvc d gndkgc te bcoekstrdtc

tncar pcrsekdh strckftns, akghubakf kek-dgdbcoag ekcs, dt

sgneeh. Rncsc dbbataekdh dgtavatacs eltck dhhew pupahs wne be

ket cxgch ak trdbataekdh ghdssreeo dgtavatacs dkb jcndvaeur

(c.f. rcdbakf, rcgatakf, dkb sattakf stahh), te bcvchep dkb

bcoekstrdtc djahatacs wnagn drc ket reutakchy uscb ak tnc

ghdssreeo. Prevabakf dhh pupahs watn tnc eppertukaty te snew

tncar jcst werm as d lero el cquaty, wnagn as dt tnc ncdrt el

sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt dkb CWB.

Cxtrd-gurraguhdr dgtavatacs gdk legus ek sustdakdjahaty,

dbbrcssakf ckvarekocktdh, segadh dkb cgekeoag gekgcrks el

tnc geooukaty. Rnc purpesc el tnas scgtaek as te bcsgrajc

d vdracty el cxtrd-gurraguhdr dgtavatacs watn sustdakdjahaty

tncocs.

Wgneeh Fdrbcks

Dhtneufn sgneeh fdrbcks drc eltck uscb ds havakf ahhustrdtaeks el

tnc halc sgackgc gurraguhuo, tncy gdk dhse tcdgn sustdakdjahaty.

Wgneeh fdrbcks gdk jc uscb te akgrcdsc pupah kutrataek (c.f.

sgneeh fdrbcks prevabc prebugc ler sgneeh ocdh prefrdoocs).

Wgneeh fdrbcks dhse akgrcdsc leeb scguraty (tnc dvdahdjahaty

el dkb dggcss te leeb) ds wchh ds tcdgn dfraguhturdh smahhs ler

schl-rchadkgc er ler usc ak d luturc gdrccr.

(Wcc nttp9//www.lde.erf/sgneehfdrbck/)

Geooukaty Oekaterakf

Pupahs, dssastcb jy tcdgncrs dkb geooukaty ocojcrs, wermtefctncr te oekater dkb gratagdhhy cvdhudtc tnc prejhcos dkb

gekagts ldgakf tncar hegdh geooukaty (c.f. jcdgn cresaek,

wdtcr qudhaty, trdlfflg, er hattcr) dkb tnck bcsafk dkb aophcockt

dgtavatacs dkb preicgts te dbbrcss seoc el tnesc prejhcos.

Wdkbwdtgn, d jcdgn oekaterakf prefrdooc, as pepuhdr watn

tcdgncrs dkb pupahs. (Wcc nttp9//www.sdkbwdtgn.erf)

Pupah Pccr Geukschhakf

Dbehcsgckts eltck ndvc assucs tncy be ket wdkt te basgusswatn pdrckts er tcdgncrs, jut ler wnagn tncy kccb aklerodtaek

dkb dssastdkgc ak erbcr te odmc bcgasaeks tndt ody dllcgt

tncar wchh-jcakf ler ycdrs te geoc. Wgneehs ndvc cstdjhasncb

pccr nchp bcsms dkb geukschhakf te preoetc ncdhtn, segadh

rcspeksajahaty, jcndvaeur gndkfc, dkb bcgasaek-odmakf.

Rncy ndvc dhse cstdjhasncb gndt leruos ak wnagn pupahs

gdk sccm dbvagc dkb fuabdkgc ds wchh ds epckhy cxprcss

assucs tndt gekgcrk tnco. Repags akghubc pnysagdh dkb

ocktdh djusc, dhgenehaso, bruf djusc, prcodratdh scx, dkb

NA\ dkb DABW. Wugn prefrdoocs nchp pupahs jcgeoc oerc

mkewhcbfcdjhc djeut odky el tnc scraeus ncdhtn rasms dkbsegadh rasms ldgakf tnco dkb tnus odmc oerc aklerocb halc

bcgasaeks. (Wcc Ockterakf Odhdysad nttp9//www.yeutujc.

geo/wdtgn5v?xIro0oadWaedkb Odmcrcrc Gehhcfc, Mdopdhd.

Sfdkbd, SKCWGE Dssegadtcb Wgneehs Wcgekb Gehhcgtaek el

Feeb Prdgtagcs9 CWB. P. 41:0.)

Wpcgadh Cvckts

Wpcgadh cvckts (c.f. ckvarekocktdh ldars, ousag dkb drt

lcstavdhs) dt sgneehs drc ocoerdjhc ler pupahs dkb geooukaty

ocojcrs wne pdrtagapdtc ak tnco. Wpcgadh cvckts favc pupahsdk eppertukaty te usc smahhs dkb tdhckts tndt drc ket eltck

uscb ak tnc ghdssreeo. Wugn eppertukatacs dbbrcss assucs el

cquaty, favakf hcss dgdbcoagdhhy eracktcb pupahs d gndkgc

te cophey dkb bcoekstrdtc tncar djahatacs. Pupahs gdk sakf,

geem, pcrlero smctgncs dkb odmc prcscktdtaeks, doekf etncr

dgtavatacs. Wpcgadh cvckts gdk legus ek sustdakdjahaty tncocs,

favakf pupahs dk eppertukaty te werm geepcrdtavchy te

fdtncr aklerodtaek djeut ballcrckt dspcgts el sustdakdjahaty

er uksustdakdjhc dgtavatacs ak tnc geooukaty. (Wcc Qeukf

Zcpertcr JAW Frcck Hevc Lcstavdhnttp9//www.yeutujc.geo/

wdtgn5v?G1IFjlqaRmT)

Cxtrd-Gurraguhdr Dgtavatacs
http://www.fao.org/schoolgardenhttp://www.sandwatch.org/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJrm0miaSiohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJrm0miaSiohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9JGbfqiTkQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9JGbfqiTkQhttp://www.fao.org/schoolgardenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9JGbfqiTkQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9JGbfqiTkQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJrm0miaSiohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJrm0miaSiohttp://www.sandwatch.org/http://www.fao.org/schoolgarden


32/51

Geooukaty Wcrvagc

Pupahs ejscrvc akcquatacs ak tncar geooukaty jctwcck tnc

ndvcs dkb tnc ndvc-kets. Rncy mkew tndt seoc geooukaty

ocojcrs hdgm tnc ocdks te prevabc ler tncar ewk kccbs,

wnagn as d segadh dkb cgekeoag sustdakdjahaty assuc. Weoc

pupahs cxprcss d bcsarc te nchp. Geooukaty eutrcdgn geocs

ak odky leros (c.f. wermakf ak matgncks er leeb pdktracs

te lccb tnc nukfry, vasatakf tnc chbcrhy ak kursakf neocs,

dssastakf ak kurscry sgneehs, dkb rcphdktakf ckvarekocktdhhy

bcfrdbcb drcds). Pdrtagapdtaek gdk jc9 (4) barcgt, akvehvakf

ldgc-te-ldgc aktcrdgtaeks watn tnc rcgapackts el tnc scrvagc,

(:) akbarcgt, watn pupahs wermakf ak suppertavc rehcs tnreufnd freup er dfckgy, er (7) vad dbvegdgy gdopdafks dkb rdasakf

dwdrckcss el d geooukaty prejhco. Wugn geooukaty scrvagc

jckcfflts pupahs jy akgrcdsakf tncar scksc el gavag clfflgdgy dkb

tncar pcrsekdh bcvchepockt. (Wcc Wcrvagc Hcdrkakf Zccgtaeks

:001 Gndpch Nahh Nafn Wgneeh nttp9//www.yeutujc.geo/

wdtgn5v?wnTSN4NPk2A)

Drts Brdod, Ousag, dkb Bdkgc

Brdod, ousag, pectry, dkb bdkgc gdk gdhh upek tdhckts dkb

smahhs tndt drc ket pdrt el tnc odkbdtcb gurraguhuo dkb dhse

ndvc d sustdakdjahaty legus. Ler cxdophc, pupahs gdk wratc dkb

dgt ak smctgncs tndt rccgt sustdakdjhc dkb uksustdakdjhcprdgtagcs ak tnc geooukaty er wratc hyrags te sekfs tndt

rcoakb etncrs djeut feeb bdahy prdgtagcs (c.f. wdtcr

gekscrvdtaek). Rncsc pupahs gdk pcrlero ler etncrs se tndt

tnc sustdakdjahaty ocssdfcs drc gekvcycb dgress tnc sgneeh

dkb akte tnc geooukaty.

(Wcc Wustdakdjahaty nttp9//www.yeutujc.geo/wdtgn5v?-

wauavJLxL>)

Zclcrckgcs

SKCWGE. :001. Dssegadtcb Wgneehs Wcgekb Gehhcgtaek el Feeb

Prdgtagcs9 CWB

ukcsbeg.ukcsge.erf/aodfcs/004>/004>4:/4>4:60C.pbl

nttp9//ukcsbeg.ukcsge.erf/aodfcs/004>/004>4:/4>4:60c.

pbl

SKCWGE. :00>. Rcdgncrs Fuabc ler Cbugdtaek ler Wustdakdjhc

Bcvchepockt ak tnc Gdrajjcdk

nttp9//ukcsbeg.ukcsge.erf/aodfcs/004


33/51


Ler bcgasaek-odmcrsrcspeksajhc ler praodry

dkb scgekbdry cbugdtaekCWB Weurgcjeem

Cbugdtaek as csscktadh te sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt. Rnc

cbugdtaek el tebdy as grugadh te ckndkgakf tnc djahaty el tnc

hcdbcrs dkb gatazcks el teoerrew te grcdtc sehutaeks dkb fflkb

kcw pdtns te d jcttcr, oerc sustdakdjhc luturc. Sklertukdtchy,

eur gurrckt gehhcgtavc peeh el nuodk mkewhcbfc, smahhs,

dkb cxpcrackgc becs ket gektdak tnc sehutaeks te dhh tnc

gektcoperdry fhejdh ckvarekocktdh, segactdh, dkb cgekeoag

prejhcos. Dhtneufn nuodkaty nds ldgcb grascs ak tnc pdst dkb

suggcssluhhy kdvafdtcb tnco, tnc sgdhc el gurrckt prejhcos

as frcdtcr dkb tnc sazc el tnc werhb pepuhdtaek hdrfcr tndk

cvcr jclerc. Vnahc wc gdk brdw upek cxpcrackgcs el tnc pdst

te sehvc tnc prejhcos el tebdy dkb teoerrew, tnc rcdhaty as

tndt gatazcks el tnc werhb wahh ndvc tnc tdsm el hcdrkakf tncar

wdy tewdrbs sustdakdjahaty. Cbugdtaek as tncrclerc gcktrdh te

hcdrkakf dkb te d oerc sustdakdjhc luturc.

Rnc rcspeksajahaty ler d oerc sustdakdjhc luturc as jerkc

jy fevcrkockts dkb gavah segacty ds wchh ds akbavabudhs. Dhh

oust gektrajutc ak tncar ewk wdy. Rnc 20 gndptcrs el Dfckbd

:44bcsgrajc wdys lerwdrb ak odky drcds, lreo dfraguhturc

te wdstc baspesdh. Cbugdtaek as d gress-guttakf tncoc dkb

as ocktaekcb ak cdgn el tnc 20 gndptcrs. Rnas bcoekstrdtcs

new tnc cbugdtaek geooukaty nds d spcgadh rehc te pcrlero.

At as tnreufn cbugdtaek tndt tnc kcxt fckcrdtaek el gatazcks,

vetcrs, wermcrs, prelcssaekdhs, dkb hcdbcrs wahh jc prcpdrcb

ler halc-hekf hcdrkakf djeut sustdakdjahaty.

Rnc Skatcb Kdtaeks uscs sustdakdjahaty ds dk evcr-drgnakf

pdrdbafo te dbbrcss kuocreus aktcrrchdtcb gndhhckfcs (c.f.

pevcrty rcbugtaek, ckvarekocktdh pretcgtaek, segadh iustagc,

dkb cbugdtaek ler dhh). (Wcc Jracl9 Vndt as Wustdakdjhc

Bcvchepockt5) Ds pdrt el tnas dppredgn, tnc Skatcb Kdtaeks

bcghdrcb :003 :042 ds tnc Bcgdbc el Cbugdtaek ler

Wustdakdjhc Bcvchepockt (BCWB). Cbugdtaek ler sustdakdjhc

bcvchepockt (CWB), dhse gdhhcb cbugdtaek ler sustdakdjahaty

(ClW) ak seoc pdrts el tnc werhb, as d mcy gekgcpt ler

4 Dfckbd :4 as tnc elfflgadh beguockt el tnc Skatcb KdtaeksGeklcrckgc ek Ckvarekockt dkb Bcvchepockt, dhse gdhhcb tnc Cdrtn Wuooat,

wnagn wds nchb ak Zae bc Idkcare ak 411:. Dfckbd :4as d geoprcncksavc

jhucprakt ler dgtaek te jc tdmck fhejdhhy, kdtaekdhhy dkb hegdhhy jy

erfdkazdtaeks el tnc SK, fevcrkockts, dkb odier freups.

cbugdtaek ak tnc kcw oahhckkauo. CWB as d jredb gekgcpt

jrakfakf d bastakgtavc eracktdtaek te odky aopertdkt dspcgts

el cbugdtaek ek tnc wnehc, akghubakf dggcss, rchcvdkgc,

cquaty dkb akghusavaty.

Rnus, CWB as ldr oerc tndk tcdgnakf mkewhcbfc dkb

prakgaphcs rchdtcb te sustdakdjahaty. CWB, ak ats jredbcst

scksc, as cbugdtaek ler segadh trdkslerodtaek watn tnc fedh

el grcdtakf oerc sustdakdjhc segactacs. CWB teugncs cvcry

dspcgt el cbugdtaek akghubakf phdkkakf, pehagy bcvchepockt,

prefrdooc aophcocktdtaek, fflkdkgc, gurraguhd, tcdgnakf,

hcdrkakf, dsscssockt, dboakastrdtaek. CWB daos te prevabc d

gencrckt aktcrdgtaek jctwcck cbugdtaek, pujhag dwdrckcss,

dkb trdakakf watn d vacw te grcdtakf d oerc sustdakdjhc

luturc.

Leur Rnrusts el CWB

CWB nds leur tnrusts er drcds el copndsas9

(4) Aoprevakf dggcss dkb rctcktaek ak qudhaty jdsag

cbugdtaek

Ckrehhakf dkb rctdakakf jetn jeys dkb farhs ak qudhaty jdsag

cbugdtaek as aopertdkt te tncar wchh-jcakf tnreufneut tncar

havcs dkb te tnc segacty ak wnagn tncy havc. Jdsag cbugdtaek

leguscs ek nchpakf pupahs fdak mkewhcbfc, smahhs, vdhucs dkb

pcrspcgtavcs tndt ckgeurdfc sustdakdjhc havchaneebs dkb ek

suppertakf gatazcks te havc sustdakdjhc havcs.

(:) Zceracktakf cxastakf cbugdtaekdh prefrdoocs te

dbbrcss sustdakdjahaty

Zceracktakf cbugdtaek rcquarcs rcvasakf cbugdtaek lreo cdrhy

gnahbneeb gdrc dkb up tnreufn nafncr cbugdtaek. At rcquarcs

rctnakmakf wndt as tdufnt, new at as tdufnt, dkb wndt as

dsscsscb, watn sustdakdjahaty ds tnc gcktrdh tncoc. Rnas

pregcss as luturc-eracktcb jcgdusc tnc pupahs el tebdy wahh

kccb te jc djhc te dbbrcss tnc gndhhckfcs el teoerrew, wnagn

wahh rcquarc grcdtavaty ds wchh ds dkdhytagdh dkb prejhco-

sehvakf smahhs.

Vndt as CWB5

Cbugdtaek as tnc oest pewcrluh wcdpek yeu gdk usc te gndkfc tnc werhb.Kchsek Odkbchd


34/51

(7) Akgrcdsakf pujhag ukbcrstdkbakf dkb dwdrckcss el

sustdakdjahaty

Dgnacvakf tnc fedhs el sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt rcquarcs

gatazcks wne drc mkewhcbfcdjhc djeut sustdakdjahaty dkb

djeut bdahy dgtaeks kcgcssdry te nchp dgnacvc geooukaty

dkb kdtaekdh sustdakdjahaty fedhs. Rncsc gatazcks wahh rcquarc

d wabcsprcdb geooukaty cbugdtaek dkb rcspeksajhc ocbad

tndt drc geooattcb te ckgeurdfakf dk aklerocb dkb dgtavc

pepuhdgc te hcdrk tnreufneut halc.

(2) Prevabakf trdakakf te dhh scgters el tnc wermlergc

Dhh scgters el tnc wermlergc gdk gektrajutc te hegdh, rcfaekdhdkb kdtaekdh sustdakdjahaty. Jetn pujhag scgter dkb pravdtc

scgter copheyccs sneuhb rcgcavc ekfeakf vegdtaekdh

dkb prelcssaekdh trdakakf akluscb watn tnc prdgtagcs dkb

prakgaphcs el sustdakdjahaty, se tndt dhh tnc ocojcrs el tnc

hdjeur lergc gdk dggcss tnc mkewhcbfc dkb smahhs kcgcssdry te

odmc bcgasaeks dkb werm ak d sustdakdjhc odkkcr.

Rnrusts ekc dkb twe praodrahy akvehvc lerodh cbugdtaek.

Rnrusts tnrcc dkb leur drc odakhy gekgcrkcb watn kek-lerodh

dkb aklerodh cbugdtaek. Dbbrcssakf dhh leur tnrusts el CWB

rcquarcs dgtaeks jy tnc lerodh, kek-lerodh dkb aklerodh

scgters el tnc cbugdtaek geooukaty.

Gndrdgtcrastags el CWB

CWB nds csscktadh gndrdgtcrastags tndt gdk jc aophcocktcb ak

odky guhturdhhy dpprepradtc leros. CWB9

as jdscb ek tnc prakgaphcs dkb vdhucs tndt ukbcrhac

sustdakdjhc bcvchepockt (scc kcxt scgtaek)=

akghubcs dhh tnrcc spncrcs el sustdakdjahaty ckvarekockt,

segacty, dkb cgekeoy watn dk ukbcrhyakf baocksaek elguhturc=

uscs d vdracty el pcbdfefagdh tcgnkaqucs tndt preoetc

pdrtagapdtery hcdrkakf dkb nafncr-erbcr tnakmakf smahhs=

preoetcs halc-hekf hcdrkakf=

as hegdhhy rchcvdkt dkb guhturdhhy dpprepradtc=

as jdscb ek hegdh kccbs, pcrgcptaeks dkb gekbataeks,

jut dgmkewhcbfcs tndt luhfflhhakf hegdh kccbs eltck nds

aktcrkdtaekdh cllcgts dkb gekscquckgcs=

ckfdfcs lerodh, kek-lerodh dkb aklerodh cbugdtaek=

dggeooebdtcs tnc cvehvakf kdturc el tnc gekgcpt el

sustdakdjahaty=

dbbrcsscs gektckt, tdmakf akte dggeukt gektcxt, fhejdh

assucs dkb hegdh praeratacs=

juahbs gavah gdpdgaty ler geooukaty-jdscb bcgasaek-

odmakf, tehcrdkgc, ckvarekocktdh stcwdrbsnap, wermlergc

dbdptdjahaty dkb qudhaty el halc=

as aktcrbasgaphakdry9 ke sakfhc basgaphakc gdk ghdao CWB ler

atschl dhekc, jut dhh basgaphakcs

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