Upload
chester-baldwin
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
UNESCAP Recommendations and Tools for UNESCAP Recommendations and Tools for Transport Facilitation MeasuresTransport Facilitation Measures
Sandeep Raj Jain/Heini SuominenSandeep Raj Jain/Heini SuominenTransport Facilitation & Logistics SectionTransport Facilitation & Logistics SectionTransport DivisionTransport Division
Regional Conference on Regional Conference on Strengthening Transport Strengthening Transport
Connectivity and Trade Facilitation Connectivity and Trade Facilitation in South and South-West Asiain South and South-West Asia
Lahore, Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, 9-10 December 20139-10 December 2013
Background to ESCAP Facilitation ToolkitBackground to ESCAP Facilitation Toolkit
Increase in intra-regional trade requires opening more land borders and increasing efficiency of existing borders. However, control authorities are faced with increasing challenges some of them are mentioned, that make them hesitant to open more borders
National security
Trafficking (Drug and Human)
Smuggling
Diversion of goods in transit leading to loss in revenue
Counterfeited goods and currency
Lack of capacity of officials
Components of ESCAP Facilitation ToolkitComponents of ESCAP Facilitation Toolkit
1. Secure Cross-Border Transport Model
2. Efficient Cross-Border Transport Models
3. Model on Integrated Controls at Border Crossings
4. Time/Cost-Distance Methodology
Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Key technical features and functioning of the ModelKey technical features and functioning of the Model
Tracking UnitTracking Unit Contains a SPS module, a CCS module and
a radio frequency (RF) module
E-sealE-seal Contains a normal bolt or cable to lock the
door and a mechatronic component to record its status
E-lockE-lock Combines tracking unit and E-seal, contains
SPS module, a CCS module
Monitoring PlatformMonitoring Platform Contains central server and application
software
PDAPDA To initiate trips
Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Institutional arrangementsInstitutional arrangements
Application of the system requires close cooperation between the control authorities of the countries formalized by bilateral bilateral agreement or a mutual recognition agreement or a mutual recognition agreement that may include following:agreement that may include following:
Sharing of information Use of similar or compatible application software Use of jointly accredited devices, such as
e-Seal/e-Lock and tracking unit Mutual recognition of registration or
guarantee and sharing of registration information
Mutual recognition of inspection results if joint inspections are not possible
Assistance in the case of exceptional events
Mutually agreed requirements for temporary admission of vehicles
Increase in safety and security Real time enforcement possible Reduced violations during the trips Increased capacity to handle more
traffic Reduction in the need for Customs
escort Less congestion at origin, border
crossing and destination;
For transport operators Reduction in transport time Less transaction cost Increase predictability of consignment
and therefore supply chain Optimal fleet management and asset
utilization Paperless transactions possible
Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Possible benefits Possible benefits
For control authoritiesFor control authorities
Secure Cross-Border Transport Model Secure Cross-Border Transport Model ConclusionConclusion
Similar system are already in operation in parts of Africa, Latin America, in Jordan, Thailand, China, Hong Kong, China, Republic of Korea
Development of secure trade and transport lanes- mention of such system in transit agreements ( Afghanistan-Pakistan)
Use of new technologies in transport can address the pressing concerns of the control authorities while facilitating
Ultimately, we have to control ‘the 5’ moving in international trade- people, goods, conveyances, money and information
Efficient Cross-Border Transport ModelsEfficient Cross-Border Transport Models
Background: Operational environment always unique, with its particular challenges and non-physical barriers
Multiple solutions with competing benefits and challenges Different views in private and public sector Benefits and costs of solutions not directly comparable
No agreed methodology for assessment of most appropriate approach Often no thorough assessment Waste of resources Continuation of ineffective practices
UNESCAP ECBMs can offer:
Analytical framework Systematic assessment of specific operating environment
Solutions through regional analysis Freight and passenger transport for road and rail
Issues Trailer swap
Container swap
Manual transloading
No transloading
Solution/Arrangement Difficulty Cost
Transport permit for motor vehicle
x Multilateral agreement 5 5
Bilateral agreement 3 3
Temporary importation
Of prime mover x Accession to international convention
4 4
Bilateral agreement 4 3
Double registration 1 3
Of trailer x x Accession to international convention
4 4
Bilateral agreement 3 3
Double registration 1 3
Of container x x x Accession to international convention
3 3
Bilateral agreement 3 3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.Total number of issues 8 7.5 2.5 19
Total difficulty points (min) 14 16 6 46
Total cost points (min) 20 18.5 7 54
3. Comparison of cumulative barriers
1.Identification of issue
2. Evaluation of solution(s)
Efficient Cross-Border Transport ModelsEfficient Cross-Border Transport Models
Factor Trailer Swap Container swap
Manual transloading
No transloading
Difficulty 2 2.25 1.25 4.5
Cost 2.5 2.5 1.5 5
Efficiency 1 3 5 1
Reliability 1 2 3 1
Total 6.5 9.75 10.75 11.5
Efficient Cross-Border Transport ModelsEfficient Cross-Border Transport Models
Understanding and comparison of overall benefit and challenges– Incorporating both institutional and operational issues, public and private
sector perspectives
Understanding factors underlying current practice,• E.g. why is manual transloading popular in many countries?
Understanding the way forward in terms of selected alternative,• Including requirements for implementation and distribution of cost and
benefit
Weighting can be adjusted to reflect situation and priorities of a corridor or a group of countries
Efficient Cross-Border Transport ModelsEfficient Cross-Border Transport Models
Model on Integrated Controls at Border CrossingsModel on Integrated Controls at Border Crossings
Various control agencies operate at borders, with differing but overlapping data needs
Model on Integrated Controls at Border CrossingsModel on Integrated Controls at Border Crossings
Considers the procedures at the border as information flow
Provides concept of integrated use of ICT-based systems and modern equipment at land border crossings on the basis of sharing of information
Model on Integrated Controls at Border CrossingsModel on Integrated Controls at Border Crossings
Benefits
More efficient flow of information
Minimized interventions in the process of crossing borders while maintaining good control
Optimized use of modern equipment by different agencies and inter-agency sharing of the results of the inspections
Can be used as general guidance for technical design of border crossing workflow
Time/Cost – Distance MethodologyTime/Cost – Distance Methodology
Graphical representation of cost and time data associated with transport processes.
The purpose of the model is to identify inefficiencies and isolate bottlenecks along a particular route by looking at the cost and time characteristics of every section along a route.
The “UNESCAP Time/Cost – Distance Methodology” enables policy makers to:
compare - over a period of time - the changes of cost and/or time required for transportation on a certain route;
compare and evaluate competing modes of transport operating on the same route;
compare alternative transport routes.
Simple to use
Can be understood by all
Can be utilised to measure and assess the performance of any transport corridor (unimodal or intermodal)
Includes both transport (road, rail, inland waterway, maritime) and intermodal transfer (ports, rail-freight terminals, inland clearance depots) as cost and time components.
Provides a ‘snap-shot’ of the present situation or can track changes over time
Powerful instrument for international cooperation
Minimum information required Route from origin to destination, including border crossings
Mode of transport for each leg (e.g. Road/Rail/Sea/Air)
Distance for each leg/mode
Time for each leg/mode
Cost for each leg/mode
Time/Cost – Distance MethodologyTime/Cost – Distance Methodology
Transport to border
Wait at border crossing/change transport mode
Transport to sea port
Wait at sea port
Sea transport
500 km 1000 km 2000 km1500 km
Day 4
Tim
e
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
$400
Cost
$300
$200
$100
Distance
Point of Origin
Destination
Regional Strategic Framework for Facilitation of Regional Strategic Framework for Facilitation of International Road TransportInternational Road TransportFundamental issues in facilitation of international road transportFundamental issues in facilitation of international road transport
i.i. Road transport permits and traffic rightsRoad transport permits and traffic rightsii.ii. Visa issuesVisa issuesiii.iii. Temporary importation of road vehiclesTemporary importation of road vehiclesiv.iv. Insurance of vehiclesInsurance of vehiclesv.v. Vehicles weight and dimensionsVehicles weight and dimensionsvi.vi. Vehicle registration and inspection certificateVehicle registration and inspection certificate
Key modalities for facilitation international road transportKey modalities for facilitation international road transport
i.i. Building an effective legal regimeBuilding an effective legal regimeii.ii. Wider application of new technologiesWider application of new technologiesiii.iii. Development of professional trainingDevelopment of professional trainingiv.iv. Establishment and strengthening of national coordination Establishment and strengthening of national coordination
mechanismsmechanismsv.v. Promotion of joint controls at border crossingsPromotion of joint controls at border crossingsvi.vi. Promotion of economic zones at border crossingsPromotion of economic zones at border crossingsvii.vii. Application of facilitation toolsApplication of facilitation tools
Objectives:Objectives: Exchange information and share
experience Pinpoint areas of legal conflicts while
implementing different subregional/bilateral agreements
Suggest solutions for legal conflicts where a country is party to two or more agreements
Suggest ways to connect countries in different subregions
Activities:Activities: Information and experience sharing,
seminars, expert meetings, professional training, group studies and individual studies
Building an effective legal regime for transportBuilding an effective legal regime for transport
Regional NetworkRegional Networkof of
Legal and Technical Experts Legal and Technical Experts for for
Transport FacilitationTransport Facilitation
Inter-agency coordination mechanism for integrated approach to trade Inter-agency coordination mechanism for integrated approach to trade and transport facilitationand transport facilitation
Transport facilitation is challenging due Transport facilitation is challenging due to involvement of numerous stakeholdersto involvement of numerous stakeholders
Each agency has a different mandate Each agency has a different mandate regarding goods/vehicles/people regarding goods/vehicles/people crossing the borderscrossing the borders
More often, the agencies work is silos More often, the agencies work is silos leading to duplication of inspections and leading to duplication of inspections and informationinformation
Interagency coordination mechanisms Interagency coordination mechanisms provide forum for agencies to come provide forum for agencies to come together for common purposetogether for common purpose
While control measures are instituted While control measures are instituted trade, transport and transit are facilitated trade, transport and transit are facilitated
Guidelines for Establishing Guidelines for Establishing and Strengthening National and Strengthening National
Coordination Mechanisms for Coordination Mechanisms for Trade and Transport Trade and Transport
Facilitation in the Facilitation in the ESCAP region ESCAP region
Joint Customs controlsJoint Customs controls
Export Country Import Country
Control measures
BORDER
DATA
Declaration
Control Measures
Declaration
Thank you for your AttentionThank you for your Attention
http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/common/TFS/FacilitationTools.asp