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UNECE CES

Workshop ion statistics in international migration

Minsk 28-29 May 2015

Olga Chudinovskikh MSU / HSE

Administrative sources of statistics on migration. An overview

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Advantages of administrative statistics

• Data can be collected continuously (and not with a considerable time interval, as in traditional censuses). 

• Higher is the level of reliability of the information collected on migrants, because most of records are proven with documents and can be verified (e.g. date and place of birth, place of previous residence, citizenship). 

• The major advantage of statistics based on administrative sources is a relatively low cost.

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Info on registration of arrival in a place of residence (stay), issued residence permits, work permits, international students

(stocks and flows)

Statistics of passport control Immigration and similar cards

Data collected at the borders

Statistics of passport control emigration and similar cards

Population registers and foreigners, traditional (in the region) systems of population registration at the place of residence, admin. practices related to different categories of migrants (employment, training, asylum)

The main types and sources of administrative data on international migration in the country: arrival and departure, flows and stocks

Visa statistics and consular registration

The "Golden rule" of migration statistics : each migrant should be counted twice - the first time in the country of previous residence, second in the country of destination

Entry visas Data on registrations at consulates abroad,

Departures Arrivals

Data on de-registration from the place of residence and place of stay.Migrant workers – information of recruiting agencies. Students, retiring abroad (within the framework of intergovernmental agreements)Exit visas

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The administrative systems with function of registration of the population by place of residence or stay

Source Тdata type The population registers (centralized or not) Registers of foreigners Administrative registration at place of residence and place of stay

Flows: migrants, registered or de-registered from the register within a certain period of time.

Stocks: resident population (those born abroad, foreigners, persons with immigrant backgrounds) for a certain time are permanently or temporarily residing in the country

Main disadvantages - non-Declaration of the event of arrival or departure, the time lag between migration and accounting registers, errors

The situation in the CIS : although the registers are established in some countries, statistics on flows is still mainly based on paper carriers

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Register based statistics . Norway experience / Immigrants and population with foreign background ( up to grandparents’ origin )

Population by immigrant category

and country background.

Born in Norway to Norwegian-born parents

Immigrants

Norwegian-born to immigrant parents

Foreign-born with one Norwegian-born parent

Norwegian-born with one foreign-born parent

Foreign-born to Norwegian-born parents

Total 4046190 669380 135583 34513 242217 37919Poland 2250 90962 8462 255 5159 65Sweden 31898 36887 2229 6552 36909 5417Lithuania 28 35901 3404 40 857 1Somalia 27 27333 10298 10 738 7Germany 12416 24611 2554 2471 14377 868Iraq 49 21965 8695 20 1089 12Denmark 30482 19973 1763 3896 30417 1293Pakistan 1078 19219 15973 118 5035 20Philippines 975 19076 2022 826 8000 633Russia 456 16803 2611 190 3351 212Iran 205 16608 3712 37 2402 35Thailand 376 16555 759 844 6796 390Eritrea 169 14741 2393 20 311 103United Kingdom 14981 14294 829 3748 19577 1229Vietnam 536 13701 8360 81 1953 201

Иммигранты и лица, родившиеся в Норвегии у родителей-иммигрантов, на 1 января 2015 года. (Immigrants and Norwegian – born to Immigrants parents) Statistics

Norway

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Flows Stocks

• Systems processing information on issued residence permits , work permits (etc.), asylum, citizenship, visas, international students , •Law enforcement •regularization campaigns

Flows of applications and decisions (approved and rejected), issued permits – to work, to reside , foreign students’ entries to universities , etc.

Stocks (if applicable) of permit holders, of foreign workers and students on a certain date

Limitations: citizens of some countries are not subject to accounting . Possible multiple counting. It is not always possible to allocate the number of documents, procedures or migrants ?

The situation in the CIS – there are agencies that perform these functions, but the availability of statistics depends on the type of documents or procedures

Special systems of immigration control, issuance of permits …….

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Variables: the basis of migrants’ characteristics

• The population registers – a lot of variables and it is possible to link information about the migrant with the other registers with the help of the ID number

• Registers of foreigners – a sufficient number of variables, including the grounds for entry and stay As a rule administrative systems (not registers) includes information on place of birth and nationalityData collected at borders - passport control – limited information , Cards –situation differs in terms of variables diversity (as a rule – not that many)

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Labour migration • In-migration

work permits, work visas , employers’ reports , a separate segment of information on labour migration - migration of professionals, the number of foreigners and the number of persons with diplomas from foreign educational institutionsData reflecting the contribution of migrants to the economy, demography, etc.

Data on labour out- migration – rare examples of successful practices (Philippines)

Data on selected types of migration

Statistics on asylum and refugees : the report of Finland . At a global level - UNHCR

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•Считается, что учитываются все, кто должен быть учтен. Но, есть вопросы по учету ходатайств.

• Отчеты и база данных Верховного комиссариата ООН по вынужденным мигрантам

• Учет ходатайств , решений и лиц, проживающих в статусе беженца / вынужденного переселенца

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Visa statistics

Limitations if visa-free regime prevails . A visa is not always followed by a tripMultiple entry visa - 1 visa – a few trips

USA Visa office report

Mainly – flows

Almost is not available in CIS countries

A number of countries publish detailed reports on the types of visas that allows to see the structure of the flows - immigration and non - immigration by purpose of entry

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Консульский учет • Matters, because the state must know

the number of citizens in case of emergencies and during the elections. In some countries, citizens are charged with the requirement to notify the Consulate of stay in the country for more than a certain time,

• to better estimate emigration from the country of previous permanent residence (citizenship) Not always reflects emigration There is no clear mechanism to monitor the registrationIn many countries – voluntary registration

The number of persons registered within a period and stock of residents (permanent or temporary) citizens at the end of the period

flows and stocksCIS - consular

statistics is a rare exception

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Administrative data collected at the borders

Type of data

• Registration on the basis of passport control Distribution , collection and processing of special cards (migration, passenger) Administrative practice on the identification of cases of illegal border crossing , overstay , fraud documents

• flows only

• number of border crossings - the entry and exit within a certain time period the number of persons entering the country for different purposes, types of visas the number of persons detained for various violations of the procedure of entry and exit

Basic limitations: most of the movements are the trips, not the people,

no count at the internal borders of the community of States (Schengen)

CIS – a some data is published at a regular basis

Example – FRONTEX report (quarterly)

4.1. Задержания при попытках незаконного пересечения границ

4.2. Маршруты 4.3. Нелегальный въезд4.4. Выявление посредников (для

незаконного пересечения границ)4.5. Отказы во въезде4.6. Возвращения 4.7. Незаконное пребывание, убежище

и миграция внутри Шенгенской зоны

4.8. Подделка документов 4.9. Другие незаконные действия на

границе 4.10 Пассажиропоток

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Border cards

• Generally filled out on arrival, in a number of countries and at on exit as well As a rule, addressed to foreigners, in some countries to the nationals as well All passengers or separate groups (there are exceptions) The development can be continuous and selectiveDifferent degrees of use in the world as a source of data. Can be the basis or an additional element of the national system of data collection on migration

Flows

the complexity of processing , if the card is not in machine-readable format or not filled immediately in electronic form, re-entry possible

In CIS – some countries only, statistics – a rare practice

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Border-card based research , USA

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Administrative data on demographic events with migrants

• The number of children born to persons who were themselves born abroad or have a different nationality (foreign-born / foreign) The number of marriages with foreigners, (and divorces) The number of deaths of migrants Based on these data, an assessment is made of the contribution of migrants to the demographic process of the country of reception (and its regions) In countries having a long experience with population registers, this information is one of the traditional segments of population statistics

Undocumented migration

Illegal entry

Overstay

Illegal work

Use all possible sources, the data are often combined. The method is chosen based on data availability.Census data and sample surveys , as well as - The number of detentions at the borderData on detentions and administrative sanctions against undocumented migrants , expulsions, etc. Regularization campaigns data

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Limitations of administrative data

• Migrants or documents (procedures), change of status or migration? The underestimation (non-declaration of migration) , Many types of registrations are addressed only to nationals of third countries, Multiple nationality affects the completeness and structure of flows and stocks The human impact on the correctness of information (completeness and lack of errors)

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Possible departmental affiliation of administrative sources

NSA Min of labour Migration service MOIMFA Ministry of Justice Population register (or similar system of electronic registration of population in your country, if any)Register of foreigners (or similar system of electronic registration of foreigners) Tax service Min of education Civil records service Border control serviceCustoms service Min of healthNational health insurance systemNational social security system (Pension funds etc.)

Depending on the specific activity and the flows and stocks

The situation in the CIS area: the data is available only if the functions of the Ministry include reporting to NSA on labour and educational migration or registration by place of residence

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Administrative agencies and Statistics agency.

• NSA has access to the database of personal data the Transfer of information from the administrative source in NSAThe Agency develops and publishes its reports independently An example of the interaction of the Immigration and NSA of Australia: (referring to statistics based on cards filled out at the border)

Note: On 1 October, DIBP transitioned to a new provider of passenger card processing services. As part of this transition, systems were developed to ensure data is captured from cards with a high level of accuracy. Errors in these systems have been identified which have resulted in the required levels of accuracy not being met.DIBP and the ABS are working closely together to manage the issues and minimise the delays to the provision of overseas arrivals and departures data to the ABS.The Secretary of DIBP has requested a report on the cause of these errors, correction of the errors including process improvements to ensure they do not occur again and assurance that required levels of accuracy will be achieved in future. http://www.immi.gov.au/pub-res/Pages/statistics/overseas-arrivals-and-departures.aspx

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Содержание квартального отчета МВД Соединенного Королевства «Статистика иммиграции»

Отчет мигр. Службы Канады -http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2013/permanent/03.asp

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Спасибо за внимание!

23Что отражают административные данные по миграции?

Категория учета поток прибывших и выбывших за период

численность мигрантов (документов?) с актуальным статусом на опр. Дату

Лица, зарегистрированные/ снятых с учета по месту пребывания и месту жительства

Виды на жительство (+ обращения, отказы по соответствующим заявлениям)

Разрешения на работу (документы или физ.лица), отчеты (уведомления) от работодателей о найме иностранцев,

Предоставление убежища

Регистрация демографических событий, происшедших с мигрантами

Выданных и продленных виз, Консульский учет в загранучреждениях Штрафные меры в отношении мигрантов, нарушивших законодательство на территории страны

Результаты кампаний по регуляризации недокументированных мигрантов и т.д.

Международные студенты Предоставление гражданства,