UNDP English all with cover and no - Knowledge 4 All 2015 from: 95D47E1EE98F3C1257E7A0035E8E4/$Àle/Alge-ria_mapping%20VET%20governance_FR.pdf. Partnership with the Private Sector

References and B

ackground Papers

193

Annex

Annex

195

Tab

le A

1:

Pre

-Un

iver

sity

Ed

uca

tion

In

dex

: In

dic

ator

s an

d W

eigh

ts

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

196

Annex

197

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

198

Annex

199

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

200

Annex

201

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

202

Sub-Indices Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources

Labour Supply(0.4)

Enrolment(0.25)

Enrolment Rates in TVET

1UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data

Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

Social Justice(0.25)

TVET Enrolment Proportion of Fe-

males as % of Total Enrolment in TVET

Programmes

1

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). Global Education Digest 2012: Opportunities Lost: The

Impact of Grade Repetition and Early School Leaving. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ les/resources/global-education-

digest-opportunities-lost-impact-grade-repetition-early-school-leaving-2012-en.pdf.

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2011). Global Ed-ucation Digest 2011. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from:

http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/ged-2011-ar.pdf.

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). Global Education Digest 2012: Opportunities Lost: The

Impact of Grade Repetition and Early School Leaving. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved September 30, 2015, http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/ les/resources/global-education-

digest-opportunities-lost-impact-grade-repetition-early-school-leaving-2012-en.pdf.

Expendi-ture

(0.25)

Expenditure on Education as % of Total Government

Expenditure

0.5UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Expenditure on Edu-cation as % of GDP



Govern-ance(0.25)

Institutional Index for the Management

of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Systems (Centralised/Decen-

tralised)

0.5

ETF. (2014). Cartographie de la Gouvernance de la Formation Professionnelle en Algerie. Fondation Eu-

ropeenne pour la Formation. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from: www.etf.europa.eu/webatt.nsf/0/F0395D47E1EE98F3C1257E7A0035E8E4/$ le/Alge-

ria_mapping%20VET%20governance_FR.pdf.

Partnership with the Private Sector

0.5 ALECSO: Arab Educational Observatory. (2012). Education in the Arab World 2012. Retrieved August

30, 2015 from: http://www.alecso.org/site/.

Labour De-mand(0.4)

Social Returns

Unemployment, total (% of total labour

force)0.16 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-

trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.

Unemployment, youth total (% of to-tal labour force ages

15-24)0.34 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-


Unemployment, female (% of female

labour force)0.5 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-


Table A2:

Technical Vocational Education and Training Index: Indicators and Weights

Annex

203

Entrepreneurship(0.2)

Education and Train-ing Policies Support-ing Entrepreneurship

1/3

ETF. (2015). Processus de Turin 2014: Sud et Est de la Mediterranee. Fondation Europeenne de la Formation. Retrieved September 30, 2015 from:

www.etf.europa.eu/webatt.nsf/0/8010C99F2432ACD3C1257E58005FFB81/$ le/TRP%202014%20

SEMED_FR.pdf.

Ease of Doing Busi-ness 1/3

World Bank. (2014). Doing Business 2015: Going Beyond Ef ciency. Washington D.C.: International

Bank for Reconstruction and Development & The World Bank. Retrieved September 30, 2015

from: www.doingbusiness.org/ /media/GIAWB/Doing%20Business/Documents/Annual-Reports/

English/DB15-Full-Report.pdf.

New Business Den-sity 1/3

World Bank. (2015). Doing Business: Measuring Business Regulations. The World Bank. Retrieved September 5, 2015 from: www.doingbusiness.org/

data/exploretopics/entrepreneurship.

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

204

Sub-Indices

Indicators Sub-Indicators Weights Sources

Hig

her

Ed

uca

tion

In

pu

ts (

0.30

) Enabling

Environments 1/6

Political stability and ab-sence of violence

0.5 World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indica-tors. Retrieved September 23, 2015 from: http://

info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.Government effectiveness 0.5

Expenditure

1/6

Government expenditure on tertiary education as %

of GDP (%)0.2

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from: http://data.

uis.unesco.org/.

Expenditure on tertiary as % of total government

expenditure (%)0.2

Government expenditure per tertiary student

0.2

All staff compensation as % of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions

(%)

0.2

Capital expenditure as % of total expenditure in tertiary

public institutions (%)0.2

Enrolment

1/6

Enrolment in tertiary education, ISCED 6 & 7 programmes, both sexes

(number)

1/6UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Enrolment in tertiary education, ISCED 8

programmes, both sexes (number)

1/6


uis.unesco.org/.Gross enrolment rate, ter-tiary Education, female

1/6

Gross enrolment rate, ter-tiary education, male

1/6

Difference between the percentage of students

enrolled in sciences pro-grammes and that of those

enrolled in humanities, arts, social science, busi-

ness and law programmes, both sexes (%)

1/6 Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Difference in enrolment rates between private and

public institutions1/6

Human Re-sources

1/6

Pupil-teacher ratio in ter-tiary education (headcount

basis)0.5


uis.unesco.org/.Percentage of teachers in tertiary education who are

female (%)0.5

Student Ex-change

1/3

mobile students (inbound - outbound), both sexes

(number)



Proportion of students studying in Arab countries from the total number of students studying abroad

0.5

Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Higher Education Pro-cesses (0.10)

Existence of a national body to ensure the quality of tertiary education and

the state level

1 Background Research by the Arab Knowledge Index Team.

Table A3:

Higher Education Index: Indicators and Weights

Annex

205

Sub-Indices


Hig

her

Ed

uca

tion

Ou

tpu

ts (

0.60

)

Graduation

(0.122)

Proportion of graduates in ISCED 6 and 7 to the number of inhabitants

1/3 Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Proportion of graduates in ISCED 8 to the number of

inhabitants1/3

Difference between the percentage of graduates

from sciences programmes and that of graduates from

humanities, arts, social science, business and law programmes, both sexes

(%)

1/3

Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data


Employment

(0.378)

Labour force with tertiary education (% of total)

0.25World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Re-trieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.Labour force with tertiary

education, female (% of female labour force)

0.25

Unemployment of gradu-ates of tertiary education,

male (%)0.25 Index Team Calculations based on data from:


uis.unesco.org/.Unemployment of gradu-ates of tertiary education,

female (%)0.25

Knowledge Capital

Among High-er Education

Students

(0.5)

Scores of students in problem-solving skills

0.1

UNDP & Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report

2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair.

Scores of students in the Arabic written communica-

tion skill0.1

Scores of students in the skill of using foreign lan-guage (English/French)

0.1

Scores of students in the skill of searching for and processing information

0.1

Scores of students in the skill of using technology

0.1

Scores of students in cul-tural effectiveness

0.1

Scores of students in soci-etal effectiveness

0.1

Scores of students in eco-nomic effectiveness

0.1

Scores of students in citi-zenship and belonging

0.1

Scores of students in open-ness and global intercom-

munication0.1

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

206

Sub-Indices


Dir

ect

Ind

icat

ors

(0.5

)

Infrastruc-ture and Digital Content

(0.34)

Electricity produc-tion, kWh/capita

0.18 World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-

clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/

WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Extent of mobile network coverage as a percentage of

population

0.205

Internet band-width, kb/s per

user 0.205

World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.

Number of Secure Internet servers

per million inhab-itants

0.205

World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for In-

clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/

WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Access to digital content

0.205

World Economic Forum, INSEAD, & Cornell University. (2014). The Global Information Technology Report 2014: Rewards and

Risks of Big Data. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/

docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Affordabil-ity of Tele-

commu-nication Services

(0.16)

Prepaid mobile phone tariffs, PPP

$ per minute0.375


clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/

WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Fixed broadband Internet tariffs,

PPP $per month0.375

Extent of compe-tition in telephony

and Internet sectors

0.25

Usage by Individu-als, Com-

panies and Govern-

ment (0.5)

Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

0.06

ITU. (2014). ITU Statistics. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.itu.int/en/

ITU-D/ Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx.

Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

0.08

Broadband Inter-net subscriptions

per 100 inhabitants0.06

Proportion of households with

radio0.06

ITU. (2014). ITU Statistics. International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.itu.int/en/

ITU-D/ Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx.

Proportion of households with

television0.06

Proportion of households with a

computer0.06

Proportion of households with Internet service

0.06

Proportion of indi-vidual users of the

Internet0.08

Extent of social networks usage

0.06



WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Table A4:

Information and Communications Technology Index: Indicators and Weights

Annex

207

Sub-Indices


Ind

irec

t In

dic

ator

s (0

.5)

Usage by Individu-als, Com-

panies and Govern-

ment

Extent of insti-tutional level of

modern technolo-gy absorption



WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Extent of busi-ness-to-business

Internet use0.06

Extent of individ-ual-to-business

Internet use0.06

Extent of staff training

0.06



Establishing ICT in the future vision

of the state0.06



WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

E-government services

0.06

Level of govern-ment success in developing ICT

0.6

Education (0.26)

Quality of primary education

0.115 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.


Quality of math and science edu-

cation0.115

Secondary educa-tion enrolment rate

0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

Adult literacy rate 0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

Rate of schools with Internet

access0.115



Enrolment rate in vocational educa-

tion0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved

October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

Enrolment rate in higher education

0.108 UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved October 20, 2015, from http://data.uis.unesco.org/.

Extent of universi-ty staff training

0.108 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Re-port 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.


Quality of univer-sity education

0.115

Economy (0.4)

Effectiveness of law-making bodies



WEF_GITR2015.pdf.Laws relating to

ICT0.07

Judicial indepen-dence

0.07



legal system in settling disputes

0.07

Intellectual proper-ty protection

0.08

Software piracy rate

0.08



WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

208

Sub-Indi-ces


Ind

irec

t In

dic

ator

s (0

.5)

Economy

Number of pro-cedures required

to enforce a contract

0.07 World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015, from data.worldbank.org.

Number of days required to en-force a contract


Availability of lat-est technologies

in business0.07 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness

Report 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/

gcr/2015-2016/Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Venture capital availability

0.07

Total tax rate 0.07


clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_

GITR2015.pdf.

Time required to start a business


Number of pro-cedures required to start a business


Intensity of local competition

0.07

World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum.


Research and In-

novation (0.16)

Capacity of the state for innova-

tion0.5

Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO. (2015). The Global Inno-vation Index 2015. Effective Innovation Policies for Development. Fontainebleau, Ithaca, and Geneva. Retrieved November 14, 2015, from https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/user les/ le/report-

pdf/gii-full-report-2015-v6.pdf.

Number of pat-ent applications

0.5

U.S. Patent and Trademark Of ce. (2015). Patent Counts by Country, State, and Year. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Patent and Trademark Of ce. Retrieved August 14, 2015, from http://www.uspto.gov/web/of c-

es/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cst_utl.htm.

Knowl-edge for Devel-opment (0.18)

Impact of ICT on new services

& products0.15


clusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 22, 2015, from www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_

GITR2015.pdf.

Impact of ICT on new organisa-

tional models0.15

Level of employ-ment in knowl-edge-intensive

activities

0.15

Impact of ICT on access to basic

services0.15

ICT use and -

ciency0.15

E-Participation 0.15

United Nations. (2014). E-Government Survey 2014: E-Government for the Future We Want. New York: United Nations. Retrieved Au-

gust, 13, 2015, from unpan3.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Docu-ments/un/2014-Survey/E-Gov_Complete_Survey-2014.pdf.

Healthcare 0.2WHO. (2015). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Re-

trieved September 17, 2015, from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.680.

Annex

209

Sub-Indices


Org

anis

atio

nal

Per

form

ance

an

d H

um

an R

esou

rces

(0.

5)

Openness to the Out-side World

(0.4)

Economic open-ness

1/3World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved

August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.

Fixed gross capital formation (% of

GDP)1/3

World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: data.worldbank.org.

Tariff and non-tar-iff barriers

1/3 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015, from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-

al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Institu-tional

Organisa-tion of the Economy

(0.2)

Soundness of banks

0.25

Regulatory quality 0.25World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indicators. Re-

trieved September 23, 2015 from: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.

Rule of law 0.25

Political stability 0.25

Institution-al Empow-erment of

the Econo-my (0.2)

Government effec-tiveness

1/3World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indicators. Re-

trieved September 23, 2015 from: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports.

Laws relating to ICTs

1/3

World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth.

Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf

Domestic credit allocated to private sector (% of GDP)



Human Resources

(0.2)

Total R&D per-sonnel

0.25UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Science, technol-ogy and innovation. Retrieved September 10, 2015 from:

http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx queryid=61.

Extent of staff training

0.25

World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-

al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.

GDP per capita (current US $)

0.25World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved


Proportion of indi-vidual users of the

the Internet0.25

ITU. (2015). Percentage of individuals using the internet. Retrieved October 26, 2015 from: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2015/Individu-

als_Internet_2000-2014.xls.

Table A5:

Economy Index: Indicators and Weights

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

210

Sub-Indices


Com

pet

itiv

enes

s an

d C

reat

ive

Dev

elop

men

t of

th

e E

con

omic

Str

uct

ure

(0.

3)

Competi-tiveness of Economic Structure

(2/3)

Number of proce-dures required to start a business



Number of days required to start a

business1/6


Number of proce-dures required to enforce a contract



Number of days required to enforce

a contract1/6


direct investment1/6


Tax rate as a % of 1/6


Retrieved August 17, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR2015.pdf.

Develop-ment of

Economic Structure

(1/3)

Expenditure on R&D

0.2UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Science, tech-

nology and innovation. Retrieved August 24, 2015 from: http://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx queryid=74.

Rate of value add-ed of manufactur-

ing % of GDP0.2


Government online service index

0.2



Venture capital availability

0.2 World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitive-ness Report 2015-2016. Retrieved October 2, 2015 from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/gcr/2015-2016/Glob-

al_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016.pdf.Intensity of local

competition0.2

Econ

omy-R

elated IC

T (0.2)

Techno-logical

Knowledge Exchange

in the Economy

(0.5)

High-tech exports 1/3World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Re-trieved September 10, 2015 from: http://data.worldbank.

org/indicator/T .VAL.TECH.CD.

High-tech imports 1/3World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved


Volume of invest-ments in telecoms

1/3World Bank. (2015). World Development Indicators. Re-trieved September 10, 2015 from: http://data.worldbank.

org/indicator/IE.PPI.TELE.CD.

Enabling Environ-

ment of the Economy

(0.5)

Mobile phone sub-scriptions

0.2



Prepaid mobile phone tariffs

0.2

Impact of ICTs on access to basic

services0.2

ICT use and gov-0.2

Government success in ICT

promotion0.2

Annex

211

Sub

-In

dic

esP

illar

sSu

b-P

illar

sIn

dic

ator

sW

eigh

tsSo

urc

es

Res

earc

h a

nd

D

evel

opm

ent

(0.4

)

Res

earc

h a

nd

De-

velo

pm

ent

Inp

uts

(0

.5)

Res

earc

h a

nd

D

evel

opm

ent

Ex-

pen

dit

ure

(0.

35)

GE

RD

as

a %

of

GD

P0.

4

UN

ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

Cen

tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://

data

.uis.

unes

co.o

rg/.

GE

RD

per

rese

arch

er0.

4

GE

RD

by

type

of

activ

ity (b

asic

rese

arch

-ap

plie

d re

sear

ch-e

xper

i-m

enta

l dev

elop

men

t)

0.2

Hu

man

Res

ourc

e fo

r R

esea

rch

an

d

Dev

elop

men

t (0

.45)

Res

earc

hers

per

mill

ion

inha

bita

nts

0.75

Inde

x Te

am C

alcu

latio

ns b

ased

on

data

from

: U

NE

SCO

Ins

titut

e fo

r Sta

tistic

s. (2

015)

. Dat

a C

entr

e. R

etrie

ved

July

20,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttp:/

/dat

a.ui

s.une

sco.

org/

.

Num

ber o

f te

chni

cian

s an

d ot

her s

uppo

rtin

g st

aff

per m

illio

n in

habi

t-an

ts

0.25

Inde

x Te

am C

alcu

latio

ns b

ased

on

data

from

: UN

ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

Cen

tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://d

ata.

uis.u

nesc

o.or

g/.

Res

earc

h a

nd

De-

velo

pm

ent

Fu

nd

ing

Sou

rces

(0.

2)

GE

RD

by

sour

ce o

f fu

nds

1U

NE

SCO

Ins

titut

e fo

r Sta

tistic

s. (2

015)

. Dat

a C

entr

e. R

etrie

ved

July

20,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttp:/

/da

ta.u

is.un

esco

.org

/.

Res

earc

h a

nd

D

evel

opm

ent

Ou

tpu

ts (

0.5)

-ti

ons

(0.4

)

Num

ber o

f pu

blic

atio

ns

per r

esea

rche

r per

yea

r0.

5In

dex

Team

Cal

cula

tions

bas

ed o

n da

ta fr

om: S

CIm

ago

Jour

nal &

Cou

ntry

Ran

k. (2

015)

. C

ount

ry S

earc

h. R

etrie

ved

Aug

ust 1

7, 2

015

from

: ww

w.sc

imag

ojr.c

om/c

ount

ryse

arch

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pco

untr

y=B

H.

Num

ber o

f ci

tatio

ns p

er

rese

arch

er0.

5

Pat

ents

Sta

tist

ics

(0.4

)

Num

ber o

f pa

tent

s0.

8In

dex

Team

Cal

cula

tions

bas

ed o

n da

ta fr

om: U

.S. P

aten

t and

Tra

dem

ark

Of

ce. (

2015

). Pa

tent

Cou

nts

by C

outn

ry, S

tate

, and

Yea

r - U

tility

Pat

ents

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Cor

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Annex

213

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pdf.

ICTs

and

bus

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32

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ICTs

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org

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0.32

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Goo

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Num

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Ara

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esco

.org

/.

Annex

215

Sub

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dic

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illar

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b-P

illar

sIn

dic

ator

sW

eigh

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urc

es

Pol

itic

al, E

co-

nom

ic, S

ocia

l E

nvir

onm

ent

and

In

fras

tru

ctu

re

Hu

man

Cap

ital

(0

.32)

Pre

-Un

iver

sity

E

du

cati

on(0

.35)

Gov

ernm

ent e

xpen

di-

ture

on

pre-

univ

ersi

ty

educ

atio

n (%

)0.

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NE

SCO

Ins

titut

e fo

r Sta

tistic

s. (2

015)

. Dat

a C

entr

e. R

etrie

ved

July

20,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttp:/

/da

ta.u

is.un

esco

.org

/.

Gov

ernm

ent e

xpen

di-

ture

per

sec

onda

ry

stud

ent a

s %

of

GD

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r cap

ita(%

)

0.26

UN

ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

Cen

tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://

data

.uis.

unes

co.o

rg/.

Pupi

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ratio

in

seco

ndar

y ed

ucat

ion

0.2

UN

ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

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tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://

data

.uis.

unes

co.o

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Gro

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io,

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NE

SCO

Ins

titut

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r Sta

tistic

s. (2

015)

. Dat

a C

entr

e. R

etrie

ved

July

20,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttp:/

/da

ta.u

is.un

esco

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/.

Scor

es o

f 15

-yea

r-ol

d st

uden

ts in

read

ing

liter

acy

0.2

OE

CD

. (20

14).

PISA

201

2 R

esul

ts: W

hat S

tude

nts

Kno

w a

nd C

an D

o –

Stud

ent P

erfo

rman

ce

in M

athe

mat

ics,

Rea

ding

and

Sci

ence

(Vol

ume

I, R

evis

ed e

ditio

n, F

ebru

ary

2014

). PI

SA.

OE

CD

Pub

lishi

ng.

Scor

es o

f 15

-yea

r-ol

d st

uden

ts in

mat

hem

atic

s

Scor

es o

f 15

-yea

r-ol

d st

uden

ts in

sci

ence

s

Scor

es o

f 4t

h gr

ade

stu-

dent

s in

mat

hem

atic

sM

ullis

, I.V

.S.,

Mar

tin, M

.O.,

Foy,

P., &

Aro

ra, A

. (20

12).

TIM

SS 2

011

Inte

rnat

iona

l Res

ults

in

Mat

hem

atic

s. C

hest

nut H

ill, M

A: T

IMSS

& P

IRLS

Int

erna

tiona

l Stu

dy C

ente

r, B

osto

n C

ol-

lege

.Sc

ores

of

8th

grad

e st

u-de

nts

in m

athe

mat

ics

Scor

es o

f 4t

h gr

ade

stud

ents

in s

cien

ces

Scor

es o

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ade

stud

ents

in s

cien

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Hig

her

Ed

uca

tion

(0.4

5)

Gro

ss e

nrol

men

t rat

e,

tert

iary

, bot

h se

xes

(%)

0.24

UN

ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

Cen

tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://

data

.uis.

unes

co.o

rg/.

Perc

enta

ge o

f en

gi-

neer

ing

and

scie

nce

prog

ram

mes

gra

duat

es0.

38

Exp

endi

ture

on

educ

atio

n as

% o

f to

tal

gove

rnm

ent e

xpen

ditu

re

(%)

0.38

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ESC

O I

nstit

ute

for S

tatis

tics.

(201

5). D

ata

Cen

tre.

Ret

rieve

d Ju

ly 2

0, 2

015

from

: http

://

data

.uis.

unes

co.o

rg/.

Ara

b K

now

ledg

e In

dex

2015

216

Sub

-In

dic

esP

illar

sSu

b-P

illar

sIn

dic

ator

sW

eigh

tsSo

urc

es

Pol

itic

al, E

con

omic

, So

cial

Env

iron

men

t an

d I

nfr

astr

uct

ure

Hu

man

Cap

ital

Cap

acit

y B

uild

-in

g, T

rain

ing,

an

d

Lif

elon

g L

earn

ing

(0.2

)

Perc

enta

ge o

f rm

s of

ferin

g fo

rmal

trai

ning

fr

om th

e ov

eral

l num

ber

of

rms

(%)

1

Wor

ld B

ank.

(201

5). E

nter

pris

e Su

rvey

s: W

hat B

usin

esse

s E

xper

ienc

e. R

etrie

ved

Aug

ust 2

0,

2015

from

: http

://w

ww.

ente

rpris

esur

veys

.org

/dat

a/ex

plor

etop

ics/

wor

kfor

ce.

Infr

astr

uct

ure

(0

.32)

Info

rmat

ion

In

fra-

stru

ctu

re &

Com

-p

ute

r N

etw

orks

(0

.45)

ICT

acc

ess

inde

x1/

3C

orne

ll U

nive

rsity

, IN

SEA

D, a

nd W

IPO

. (20

15).

The

Glo

bal I

nnov

atio

n In

dex

2015

: Ef-

fect

ive

Inno

vatio

n Po

licie

s fo

r Dev

elop

men

t. Fo

ntai

nebl

eau,

Ith

aca,

and

Gen

eva.

Ret

rieve

d N

ovem

ber 1

4, 2

015

from

: http

s://w

ww.

glob

alin

nova

tioni

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s/le

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ull-r

epor

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f.IC

T u

se1/

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artic

ipat

ion

inde

x1/

3

Cor

nell

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vers

ity, I

NSE

AD

, and

WIP

O. (

2015

). T

he G

loba

l Inn

ovat

ion

Inde

x 20

15: E

f-fe

ctiv

e In

nova

tion

Polic

ies

for D

evel

opm

ent.

Font

aine

blea

u, I

thac

a, a

nd G

enev

a. R

etrie

ved

Nov

embe

r 14,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttps:/

/ww

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obal

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vatio

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ser

les/

le/r

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tpdf

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i-ful

l-rep

ort-

2015

-v6.

pdf.

Pu

blic

In

fras

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re (

0.35

)

Ele

ctric

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rodu

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capi

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3

Wor

ld E

cono

mic

For

um, I

NSE

AD

, & C

orne

ll U

nive

rsity

. (20

15).

The

Glo

bal I

nfor

mat

ion

Tech

nolo

gy R

epor

t 201

5: I

CTs

for I

nclu

sive

Gro

wth

. Ins

ight

Rep

ort.

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eva:

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ld E

co-

nom

ic F

orum

. Ret

rieve

d A

ugus

t 14,

201

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om: w

ww

3.w

efor

um.o

rg/d

ocs/

WE

F_G

ITR

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ss c

apita

l for

mat

ion

(% o

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DP)

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ld B

ank.

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pen

Dat

a. R

etrie

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Aug

ust 1

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ank.

(201

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ex. R

etrie

ved

Aug

ust 3

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nell

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vers

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, and

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2015

). T

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loba

l Inn

ovat

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Inde

x 20

15: E

f-fe

ctiv

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nova

tion

Polic

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aine

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u, I

thac

a, a

nd G

enev

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etrie

ved

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embe

r 14,

201

5 fr

om: h

ttps:/

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w.gl

obal

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vatio

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ser

les/

le/r

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tpdf

/gi

i-ful

l-rep

ort-

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pdf.

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inde

x0.

5