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Understanding the PartsChapter 2
Announcements
Textbooks will be available on Thursday 1/24
Chapter 1 Homework: Due 2/04 Windows 7 Simulator
Homework 1
Chapter 2 Homework: Due 2/04
Objectives
Functions of a Computer
Data vs. Information
Bits & Bytes
Input Devices
Output Devices
Processing
Storage
Ergonomics
Functions of a Computer
Computers are perfect. They do exactly what programmers tell them to do.
Four major functions Gather data
Process data
Output data
Store data
Data vs. Information
Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or idea
Information: Organized, meaningful data
Bits & Bytes
Bit: Binary Digit (21) 2 bits that are either 0 or 1
Bit Strings Nibble: (22) 4 bits
Byte: (23) 8 bits
Kilobyte: (210) 1024 bits
Megabyte: (220) 1,048,576 bits
Gigabyte: (230) 1,073,741,824 bits
Terabyte: (240) 1,099,511,627,776 bits
Binary
Counting in binary
Binary math Addition
Multiplication by 2
Counting in Binary
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1010=𝟏∗23+𝟎∗22+𝟏∗21+𝟎∗20=10
Counting in Binary
You try it: 1000 = ?
0101 = ?
1111 = ?
Counting to 10
Binary Decimal
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7
1000 8
1001 9
1010 10
Binary Addition
Same as regular addition
Max value in a spot is 1 (instead of 9 in decimal)
1001+0110
1111
0101+0110
1011
1101+011010011
1 11
Binary Addition
You try it: 11 + 11 = ?
0111 + 0001 = ?
1100 + 1100 = ?
Binary Multiplication by 2
Simply shift the values to the left and insert a zero from the left
01 = 1 (Original Number)01 (Shift Left)010 = 2 (Insert a zero)
1011 = 11 (Original Number)1011 (Shift Left)10110 = 22 (Insert a zero)
Binary Multiplication by 2
You try it: 011 * 2 = ?
0100 * 2 = ?
1111 * 2 = ?
Computer Hardware
The tangible parts of a computer Chassis
Display
Keyboard
Mouse/Touchpad
Camera
CPU
Computer Software
A list of instructions for the computer hardware to perform Operating System
Windows, iOS, Linux, Android, Embedded
Application Software
Microsoft Word, Photoshop, Firefox, Safari, World of Warcraft, Call of Duty
Types of Computers
Fixed Desktop
Server
Portable Laptop
Tablet
Smartphone
Types of Computers
Mainframe Supports many users, hundreds to several thousands
or more, simultaneously
Supercomputer Perform complex calculations using a large number of
computers connected together
Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Touch
Scanner
Microphone
Camera
Stylus
Keyboards
Laser Projected Keyboard
Flexible Keyboard
Mice
Other Input Devices
Output Devices
Printer
Display
Audio
Printers
Dot Matrix
Inkjet
Laser
Thermal
Plotters
Printers
Distinguishing Features: Speed (Pages Per Minute)
Resolution (DPI)
Color/B&W
Format (8.5x11, 11x17)
Display Types
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
AMOLED Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode
Display Types
Factors that distinguish monitors Size: Measured in inches across the diagonal
Refresh Rate: How fast the display can change the color of a pixel. Expressed in milliseconds.
DPI: Dots Per Inch. How many pixels can fit inside a square inch.
Resolution: Total number of pixels in the horizontal direction and vertical direction. Described as HxV (ex. 1920x1080 has 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically).
Aspect ratio: The relationship of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels.
Viewing Angle: The earliest angle at which the screen is no longer visible.
Contrast Ratio: Expressed as a ratio
Brightness: Expressed in cd/m2
Display Types
Liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal controls how much of a certain color can shine through.
Uses three primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue, to create up to 16M colors.
Ports
PS/2
Display
eSATA
USB
Ethernet
Audio
Power
Motherboard
Provides a centralized system for the parts of a computer to communicate with eachother
CPU
The “brain” of the computer
Controls communication between devices
Performs all arithmetic functions
RAM
Random Access Memory
Volatile – Does not persist when there is no power.
Hard Drive
Magnetic Storage Device
Non-Volatile Storage – Data storage persists across reboots.
Very inexpensive storage
Stores information on physical “platters” that spin.
Solid State Storage
Non-Volatile
Currently still rather expensive ($0.70 to $1.00+ per MB) ~20x more expensive than traditional hard drives
Random Access
Optical Storage
Optical (Laser) storage devices Characterized by a disk that rotates and is read by a
laser
Storage capacity is fixed, rotational speed is not
Can be dual layer and/or double sided
CD – Compact Disc
DVD – Digital Video/Versatile Disc
HD-DVD – High Definition DVD
Blu-ray
CD
Holds 700MB of data
1x speed = 200 RPM to 500 RPM
Maximum rotational speed is 52x (~10,000 rpm) or 180MPH
1995
Primarily driven by the need for something better than VHS
Same technology as CD, just smaller
Format Capacity
Single Layer 4.5GB
Dual Layer 8.5GB
SL + DS 9.4GB
DL + DS 17GB
DVD
HD-DVD Format competed
with Blu-ray and was retired in 2008
Blu-ray Developed by Sony
Replaces DVDs as the standard for video
Format Capacity
HD-DVD SL 15GB
HD-DVD DL 30GB
Blu-ray SL 25GB
Blu-ray DL 50GB
HD-DVD & Blu-ray
Optical Drive Comparison
Dual Layer
The laser can be altered to read information hidden behind the first layer.
Ergonomics
Minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer
Involves special hardware: Keyboards
Mice
Desks
Chairs
