Understanding the MDGs:

Fundamentals to Development Part

III

Engineers Without Borders Vancouver

The numbers

• 1.2 billion people live on less than $1/day• 1 billion people lack access to safe

drinking water - UNDP

• One child dies every 5 seconds from hunger Source, WFP

• 800 million people go to bed hunger every night

• 6 million people die from TB, Malaria per year Source, WFP

Overview

• Human Development?

• The MDGs,

• Exploring Poverty

• Why the focus on Africa?

• What will it cost?

• Concrete steps to action

What does development

mean to you?

Human development…

is about enlarging the choices people have to lead lives they value. – UN Human Development Report

A Brief History of MDGs

• 0.7% commitment: • Bruntland Report• Agenda 21, Rio Summit• 2000, UN Millennium Declaration

– 189 world leaders committed to UN MDG– 8 Goals, 18 targets for 2015– International community in agreement and targets set

• Doha Declaration (2001)• Monterey Consensus (2002)• UN World summit 2005

UN Millennium Development Goals

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Goal 6: Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria and other diseases

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Goal 8: Develop Global partnership for development

8 goals; targets for 2015

1. ½,the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger (1990-2015)

2. : all children access to primary education3: Eliminate gender disparity in primary/secondary

education 20154: reduce by 2/3 under 5 mortality rate5.Reduce by ¾ maternity mortality ratio6. Halt and reverse spread of HIV/Aids7. Halt and reverse spread of malaria & other diseases8. Integrate principles of SD in country policies/programs,

reverse loss of environmental resources

18 Targets, 2015

9. ½ the number of people without access to safe drinking water/sanitation

10. Achieve sig. improvement in min. 1M slum dwellers

** Partnership for Development

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1: Reduce by ½, the number of people living in extreme poverty

Target 2: Reduce by ½, the number of people suffering from hunger

What is Poverty?

Poverty

- Vulnerability

- Limited access to basic needs

- Important to distinguish between:

Extreme, Moderate and Relative Poverty

Extreme, Moderate and Relative Poverty

Extreme Poverty:• Cannot meet basic human needs (nutrition, health care, shelter,

education, water and sanitation• $1/day (WB) , 1.1b; 1/6 of pop• Developing Countries

Moderate Poverty: • Basic needs are met, but barely• $1-$2/day, 1.5b

Relative Poverty:• Lack access to cultural goods, quality services• Household income < national average

Overcoming Poverty

• Saving:

• Trade- commercial farming

• Technology **- irrigation methods, HYV of maise

• Increased resources – more fertile soils

These can Increase income

So what happens when…

• Lack of savings:• No Trade: • Decreased technology**• Decrease in Natural Resources• Sudden shocks • Population Growth

What could cause the above situations?

Poverty trap

Impoverished household

Resource input

Agricultural output

For survival

Market

Why is Sub-saharan Africa falling behind?

Map of World Hunger

Governance?

Country Transparency international Global

Corruption Report 2004

Economic Growth

Ghana

Senegal

Mali

Malawi

70

76

78

83

0.3

0.5

-0.5

0.2

India

Pakistan

Indonesia

Bangladesh

83

92

122

133

3.5

2.4

3.5

2.0

Other causes

• Geography: landlocked countries, majority of pop lives in the interior.

• Lack of access to markets/limited transportation • Lack of Irrigation ( 90% of crops are rain fed, • Depletion of soil nutrients• Lack of health services: Higher transmissions of

malaria• Aids• Existing poverty• Deep poverty trapSources: The end of Poverty, J.Sachs

How can EWB help break this Poverty trap?

Impoverished household

Resource input

Agricultural output

For survival

Market

Other methods?

Consider:$1.08 / day to access basic human needs (WB est.) $0.77 average income/ poor householdIncome gap: $0.31/day1.1 b ppl < $1/dayGlobal income gap: $124b

Now consider:$20.2trillion: Income of 22 donor countries0.6% would meet the $124 income gap0.7% of GDP would meet the income gap

* This would not have been possible twenty years ago….WHY?

What would it cost?

ODA and MDGs

2006: $121b

2010: $143b

2015: $189b

Increase in ODA required, beyond commitments:

2006: $48b

2010: $50b

2015: $74

Forms of Capital

• Human – health, education, nutrition

• Business – equipment, machinery, tools

• Infrastructure: roads, power, wat/san

• Natural Capital: land, healthy soils, biodiversity

• Public institution capital: government systems, judicial systems

• Knowledge- scientific/technology

Focus

• Increasing Agric inputs

• Investing in education

• Investing in health

• Developing power, transportation and communications services

• Water and sanitation

Use your voice

• Make Poverty History

• Food Aid – untied 40%

• Debt relief

• 0.7% Commitment

Learn• www.wfp.org• www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ • www.ewb.ca – lunch and learns• www.makepovertyhistory.org

Connect - people to people, actions to impact• Tell 3 people about the MDGs.• Invite EWB into your workplace

Contribute • To organisations that support long term programming