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“INCATERMS”- EVIDENCE OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FROM THE 16TH CENTURY. The Ancient Inca Civilization developed the first Incoterms, called Incaterms. The Inca, a highly advanced Pre-Columbian civilization, used secret codes (later modified and adopted by the International Chamber of Commerce) to disguise shipments from the marauding Spanish Conquistadors. For example, EXW which now means Ex Works, originally meant “Exterminated by Whites.” The term transferred risk of death to the buyer’s village and relieved the seller from any resulting genocide or increased insurance premiums. Similarly, FOB, which now means Free on Board, meant “Foreigner on Burro,” a term used exclusively for inland silver and gold tribute delivered to the Spanish Crown. © 2003 GONZALEZ ROLON VALDESPINO & RODRIGUEZ, ATTORNEYS AT LAW © Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

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Page 1: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

“INCATERMS”- EVIDENCE OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL

TRADE FROM THE 16TH CENTURY.The Ancient Inca Civilization developed the first Incoterms, called Incaterms. The Inca, a highly advanced Pre-Columbian civilization, used secret codes (later modified and adopted by the International Chamber of Commerce) to disguise shipments from the marauding Spanish Conquistadors. For example, EXW which now means Ex Works, originally meant “Exterminated by Whites.” The term transferred risk of death to the buyer’s village and relieved the seller from any resulting genocide or increased insurance premiums. Similarly, FOB, which now means Free on Board, meant “Foreigner on Burro,” a term used exclusively for inland silver and gold tribute delivered to the Spanish Crown.

© 2003 GONZALEZ ROLON VALDESPINO & RODRIGUEZ, ATTORNEYS AT LAW©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 2: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Understanding Terms of Sale

LEVERAGING FINANCIAL STRATEGIES

TO SUCCEED IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

February, 2012

Arthur O’Meara

Principal, O’Meara and Associateswww.aomeara.com

2

Incoterms® 2010 Vs. Incoterms® 2000

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

You may be responsible for goods you neither own nor possess

You may own goods you neither possess nor are responsible for

You may possess goods you are neither responsible for nor own

Page 3: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Disclaimer

3

All reference to Incoterms® 2000 and 2010 is: © 2011 International Chamber of Commerce

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 4: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

“Dad, can I borrow the car?”

4©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 5: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

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What are Incoterms® Rules?

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 6: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Risk and Possession

FCATokyo

6©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Shorthand

FOB, FOB, FOB! 

Page 7: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

(ahem)…

7©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 8: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

8

Incoterms® 2000 vs. 2010

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 9: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Incoterms® 2000 vs. 2010

I’m a frayed knot

SCS

9

Illinois                Florida

4‐>2

13‐>11

Ship’s Rail

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 10: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Four Groups Become Two

FASFOBCFRCIF

EXWFCACPTCIPDATDAPDDP

10©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 11: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Incoterms® 2000 31 Translations

11©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 12: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Incoterms® 2010 21 Translations

12©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 13: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

The terms and conditions for the transfer of possession and risk, and the subsequent effects on payment and transfer of title is now the most negotiable factor in minimizing TCO and maximizing profit over CGS.

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I propose:

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 14: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

14

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 15: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

Selling under FCA

It was raining.

He sold the goods “FCA our plant.”

Title had not yet transferred.

Something went wrong.

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http://www.travelingboard.net

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 16: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

Buying under CPT

It was NOT raining.

He bought the goods “CPT our plant.”

Title had not yet transferred.

Something went  very wrong.

16

http://www.ecruisereviews.com/NCL/Norwegian_Dream.htm

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 17: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

Buying under CPT

It was NOT raining.

He bought the goods “CPT our plant.”

Title had not yet transferred.

Something went  very wrong.

17

www. gcaptain.com/.../10/norweigian‐dream‐bow.jp

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 18: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

You are   insured!

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

Buying under CIP

Do you already have insurance?

You areinsured!

18©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 19: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Fun with Incoterms® Rules

Selling under DDP

Not better, faster, cheaper especially in MX, JP, BR, CA etc.

19©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 20: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

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Possession

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Risk

During the movement of goods…

Page 21: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

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RiskPossession

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

During the movement of goods, youwant to be in the yellow:

Page 22: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

The terms and conditions for the transfer of possession and risk, and the subsequent effects on payment and transfer of title is now the most negotiable factor in minimizing TCO and maximizing profit over CGS.

22

I propose:

©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.

Page 23: Understanding Terms of the Sale - The International Trade

Thank You!

23©  Arthur O’Meara 2012 | Arthur O’Meara reserves all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.