Understanding Science and Understanding Science and Technology Through K-8 Technology Through K-8

EducationEducation

Rollie OttoRollie OttoCenter for Science and Center for Science and

Engineering Education, Berkeley Engineering Education, Berkeley LabLab

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Lawrence Berkeley National Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLaboratory, University of California, U.S , University of California, U.S Department of EnergyDepartment of Energy

Mission: Solve the most pressing and profound scientific problems facing humankind, operate national user facilities, prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers.

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Mission Oriented Science Mission Oriented Science and Technology at and Technology at Berkeley LabBerkeley Lab• Sustainable Energy ResourcesSustainable Energy Resources

• Global Climate Change and Global Climate Change and Environmental Impacts of Energy Environmental Impacts of Energy GenerationGeneration

• Human Health and EcologyHuman Health and Ecology

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Frontier Science Frontier Science Generating New Generating New KnowledgeKnowledge• History, Structure and Fate of the History, Structure and Fate of the

UniverseUniverse

• Fundamental Particle and Fundamental Particle and InteractionsInteractions

• Genomes, Proteins, Cell ProcessesGenomes, Proteins, Cell Processes

• Nano-scale ScienceNano-scale Science

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Scientific Tools: Berkeley Lab’s Major Scientific Scientific Tools: Berkeley Lab’s Major Scientific FacilitiesFacilities Serving Government, Universities, and Industry Serving Government, Universities, and Industry

Advanced Light Advanced Light SourceSource

Molecular FoundryMolecular FoundryNational Center for National Center for Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy

National Energy National Energy Research Scientific Research Scientific Computing CenterComputing Center

88-Inch 88-Inch CyclotronCyclotron

Joint Genome Joint Genome InstituteInstitute

DENDEN

ALBALBATLATL

Aus.

CERN

AsiaPacSEASEA

SNVSNV

Europe

Japan

CHICHI

DCDC

Japan

NYCNYC

Aus.

MetropolitanArea

Rings

Europe

CERN

Science Data Network

ESnet IP Core

DENDEN

ALBALBATLATL

Aus.

CERN

AsiaPacSEASEA

SNVSNV

Europe

Japan

CHICHI

DCDC

Japan

NYCNYC

Aus.

MetropolitanArea

Rings

Europe

CERN

Science Data Network

ESnet IP Core

Energy Sciences Energy Sciences Network (ESnet)Network (ESnet)

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Three Strands for Science Three Strands for Science Research and EducationResearch and Education

• Our Place in the UniverseOur Place in the Universe

• Our Place Among the LivingOur Place Among the Living

• Sustainable Energy and Sustainable Energy and Environmental ResourcesEnvironmental Resources

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Our Place in the Our Place in the UniverseUniverse

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From the Edge of the From the Edge of the UniverseUniverse

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Our Material Place in the Our Material Place in the UniverseUniverse

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Our Energy Place in the Our Energy Place in the UniverseUniverse

E=MC2 Energy and Matter are two forms of the same thing

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Our Place Among the Our Place Among the LivingLiving• 75-100 trillion cells in 75-100 trillion cells in

the human bodythe human body• 46 chromosomes in 46 chromosomes in

each cell contain geneseach cell contain genes• DNA polymers contains DNA polymers contains

the four “letter” code of the four “letter” code of life (ATCG)life (ATCG)

• 3.1 billion chemical 3.1 billion chemical base pairs on base pairs on chromosomes chromosomes

• 28,000 to 35,000 genes28,000 to 35,000 genes• 100,000 proteins100,000 proteins

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Genes are Encoded in Genes are Encoded in DNADNA

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Lessons from the Lessons from the Human Genome ProjectHuman Genome Project• All humans – 99.9% same DNA All humans – 99.9% same DNA

• DNA similarities with other organismsDNA similarities with other organismsGene Squences that Gene Squences that Code for ProteinCode for Protein

Random DNA Random DNA Seqments between Seqments between genesgenes

ChimpanzeeChimpanzee 100%100% 98%98%

DogDog 99%99% 52%52%

MouseMouse 99%99% 40%40%

ChickenChicken 75%75% 4%4%

Fruit FlyFruit Fly 60%60% Close to 0%Close to 0%

RoundwormRoundworm 35%35% Close to 0%Close to 0%

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Synthetic BiologySynthetic Biology• Medicines from MicrobesMedicines from Microbes

• Renewable resource into energyRenewable resource into energy

• BioremediationBioremediation

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Sustainable Energy and Sustainable Energy and Environmental ResourcesEnvironmental Resources

• 6 Billion People – Three in four without 6 Billion People – Three in four without electricityelectricity

• Rural electrification most important Rural electrification most important technology of 20technology of 20thth Century (National Century (National Academies Science and Engineering)Academies Science and Engineering)

• Energy Resources have environmental Energy Resources have environmental impacts.impacts.– Fossil Fuels – Climate Change and PollutionFossil Fuels – Climate Change and Pollution– Nuclear Energy – Radioactive Waste and Nuclear Energy – Radioactive Waste and

Plutonium Plutonium

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Composite of World at Composite of World at NightNight

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Climate ChangeClimate Change

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How it BeganHow it Began

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Temperature over the last 420,000 yearsIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

We are here

CO2

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All Light is a Form of All Light is a Form of EnergyEnergy

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What’s the Connection? Grades 3-8What’s the Connection? Grades 3-8Burning Fossil Fuels For Energy and Burning Fossil Fuels For Energy and Light Produces Carbon Dioxide and Light Produces Carbon Dioxide and Water.Water.• Fossil Fuels are molecules of hydro carbons. C-H Fossil Fuels are molecules of hydro carbons. C-H

(so is most food)(so is most food)• Burning is a chemical reaction between Burning is a chemical reaction between

hydrocarbons and oxygen moleculeshydrocarbons and oxygen molecules• Carbon dioxide is colorless - orderless gas that Carbon dioxide is colorless - orderless gas that

traps heat radiationtraps heat radiation• Energy from the sun is stored in plants and Energy from the sun is stored in plants and

animals and released when burned (and animals and released when burned (and metabolized)metabolized)

• There renewable and non renewable sources of There renewable and non renewable sources of hydrocarbons (oil verse corn)hydrocarbons (oil verse corn)

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CellulosePlants

Engineeredphotosynthetic microbes

and plants

ArtificialPhotosynthesis

ElectricityPV Electrochemistry

Helios Research ModelHelios Research Model

MethanolEthanolHydrogenHydrocarbons

Cellulose-degradingmicrobes

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Why Science?Why Science?

• Understanding the natural world , it’s Understanding the natural world , it’s structure and rulesstructure and rules

• Predicting using cause and effect Predicting using cause and effect relationshipsrelationships

• Engineering materials and process in Engineering materials and process in the natural world for improvement of the natural world for improvement of the human conditionthe human condition

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Which Science?Which Science?

• Do the concept principles and theories called Do the concept principles and theories called for in the California science standards for for in the California science standards for grade 4-8 support the three strands?grade 4-8 support the three strands?– Our Place in the UniverseOur Place in the Universe– Our Place Among the LivingOur Place Among the Living– Sustainable Energy and Environmental ResourcesSustainable Energy and Environmental Resources

• Do the investigation and experimentation skills Do the investigation and experimentation skills and knowledge support these strands?and knowledge support these strands?

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The End of Another Day at The End of Another Day at Berkeley LabBerkeley Lab