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Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Chapter 3
Understanding Regulations, Accreditation Criteria, and Other Standards of Practice
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-2
Licensing Regulations provide the baseline
for acceptable care of children and are meant to be minimum standards below which no program should operate.
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-3
Definitions Regulation: A binding rule
created outside the program.
Standard: A statement of expectations for program characteristics and performance.
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-4
Types of Regulations Zoning regulations govern land use. Building codes address issues such
as wiring, plumbing, building materials.
Fire and sanitation regulations set health and safety standards.
Child care licensing regulations address many aspects of programs’ operations.
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-5
Why? Should achieve their primary
purpose of ensuring adequate, safe care of children.
Also benefits those who provide care as well as the children they serve. A license carries with it an official recognition of the importance of the job
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-6
Who?
Not all programs are covered by licensing
Exempted programs usually include programs such as church sponsored, recreation programs, etc.
Family members being cared for in the home do not have to be licensed
Licensing alone does not guarantee quality
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-7
States’ child care centerlicensing codes typically
address: The process of obtaining a license The program’s organization and
administration Staffing patterns including ratios and
group size Required characteristics of facilities
and provisions for transporting children
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-8
States’ child care center licensing
codes typically address: (continued)
Practices to safeguard children’s health and safety
Required activities and equipment Allowable forms of discipline How programs are to communicate
with and involve families Nutrition and food services
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-9
Licensing Regulations CCL Home DCFS - Bureau of
Services for Child Care Nevada
Differences between Title 5 and Title 22 programs child care law
regulations
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-10
RecommendationsAmerican Public Health Association., American Academy of Pediatrics
Age Child:Staff Group Size
0-24 Months 3:1 6
25-30 Months
4:1 8
31-35 Months
5:1 10
3 year olds 7:1 14
4-5 year olds 8:1 16
6-8 year olds 10:1 20
9-12 year olds
12:1 24
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-11
NAEYC RecommendsAge Child:Staff Group Size
Birth-18 Months
3:1 adults18:1 teacher
6
Toddlers18-36 months
16:1 teacher4:1 adult
12
Preschool3-5 years
8:1 adults24:1 teacher
24
School age 28:1 adult14:1 teacher
28
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-12
Title 5 and Title 22Age Title 5 Title 22
InfantsBirth-18 months
1:3 adult-child1:18 teacher-child
1:4 adult-child1:12 teacher-child
Toddlers18-36 months
1:4 adult-ratio1:16 teacher-child
1:6 adult-childMaximum group size:12
Preschool36 months-kindergarten
1:8 adult-child1:24 teacher-child
1:12 teacher-childAide adds 3
School-Age
1:14 adult-child1:28 teacher-child
1:14 teacher15-28 teacher+aide29-42 2 teachers+aide
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-13
Accreditation A voluntary system of evaluation Require higher-than-minimal quality Require substantial (not full) compliance Nationally developed, validated, and
enforced NAEYC Program Accreditation is
considered the “gold standard” Accreditation: National Association for
the Education of Young Children
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-14
Quality Rating Systems (QRS) In place in at least 14 states; many
states have programs in development Designed to inform the public about the
quality of participating programs Bridge the gap between minimal
standards (licensing) and the high quality documented by program accreditation
NCCIC - QRS Definition and Statewide Systems
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-15
Types of private ownership Proprietorship
Owned by one person Owner faces personal liability for all activities Since there is no separate entity, there is no
entity taxation Partnership (general or limited partnership)
2 or more owners Can own property as a separate legal entity Owners face personal liability for business
wrongs No separate entity tax owed by owners
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-16
Types of private ownership (cont.)
Limited liability company (LLC) A separate legal entity State filing needed to establish Can be taxed like a partnership or corporation
at owner’s choice Limited personal liability for wrongdoings of
employees Corporation
State law governs incorporation and operations A separate legal entity Operated by a board of directors Can be Subchapter “S” or “C”; “S” corporations
have limited corporate taxes
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-17
Fiscal regulations Violations can result in civil and/or
criminal penalties. To avoid penalties: Honor all contracts Follow IRS regulations
Obtain Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN)
File required tax returns Withhold appropriate taxes from
employees
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-18
Laws that protect the staff and the program
Civil Rights Act (1964) & Equal Opportunity Act (1972)
American with Disabilities Act P.L. 101-336 (1990)
Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)
It is important to stay abreast of recent developments.
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th EditionDecker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved.
3-19
Licensing Does Not… Guarantee quality Address issues such as equity, pay,
benefits, etc Gives the bare minimum for the
health and safety of children