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Understanding Understanding
Habitat Use & SelectionHabitat Use & Selection & Applications in Management & Applications in Management
PlanningPlanning(or how do we get from this [GPS collar] (or how do we get from this [GPS collar]
to this [PTP doc]to this [PTP doc]
Pamela HengeveldPamela HengeveldS8M Sheep Project Steering Committee MeetingS8M Sheep Project Steering Committee Meeting
Fort St John BC, October 17 2008Fort St John BC, October 17 2008
Vision StatementVision Statement““To achieve and maintain a sustainable To achieve and maintain a sustainable sheep population distributed across their sheep population distributed across their historic range in the northeast while historic range in the northeast while providing management direction for human providing management direction for human activity to occur in a manner that is activity to occur in a manner that is compatible with sheep conservation and with compatible with sheep conservation and with the wilderness values of the region” the wilderness values of the region”
Components in Original Work PlanComponents in Original Work PlanBaseline Research & InventoryBaseline Research & Inventory
Population DemographicsPopulation Demographics Habitat Use & SelectionHabitat Use & Selection Ewe Survival & Mortality FactorsEwe Survival & Mortality Factors Herd HealthHerd Health Traditional Knowledge / Community KnowledgeTraditional Knowledge / Community Knowledge
Risk Assessment & Adaptive Management (AM)Risk Assessment & Adaptive Management (AM) Modeling Modeling (using what we know to make predictions about potential (using what we know to make predictions about potential
impacts)impacts) Experimentation Experimentation (AM trials to test predictions and refine methods)(AM trials to test predictions and refine methods)
Policy DevelopmentPolicy Development Management GuidelinesManagement Guidelines Monitoring ProtocolsMonitoring Protocols
S8M Stone’s Sheep ProjectS8M Stone’s Sheep Project
Funding 2008/2009
SCEK (Yr 2 of 3)
HCTF (Yr 1 of 3)
Trans Canada (Yr 4 of 5)
MEMPR (Yr 4)
Identifying links between research outputs and management plansIdentifying links between research outputs and management plans
PTP Amendment Deadline
December 2010
Sound understanding of Stone’s sheep ecology and Sound understanding of Stone’s sheep ecology and status in the S8M area, based on scientific research, status in the S8M area, based on scientific research, TK, CKTK, CK
Provide information that is useful as a decision-making Provide information that is useful as a decision-making tooltool
Relevant to current management concerns and plansRelevant to current management concerns and plans
Links between Links between
research outputs and management plans?research outputs and management plans?
S8M Stone’s Sheep Project S8M Stone’s Sheep Project OutcomesOutcomes
SCOPERESPONSIBILITIES
OPPORTUNITIES
ensure that we all have the same expectations and end product in mind
Habitat Habitat “Conditions and resources present in an area that “Conditions and resources present in an area that
produce occupancy (including survival and produce occupancy (including survival and reproduction) by an organism”reproduction) by an organism” Hall et al. 1997Hall et al. 1997
Life RequisitesLife Requisites
DisplacementDisplacement MortalityMortality
CompetitionCompetition
Escape terrainEscape terrain
Movement corridors Movement corridors
(trails to licks and (trails to licks and seasonal ranges)seasonal ranges)
Mineral LicksMineral Licks
ForageForage
(type, quality)(type, quality)
Describes where animals areDescribes where animals are Home range sizeHome range size Seasonal rangesSeasonal ranges Movement corridorsMovement corridors Special features (e.g., mineral licks)Special features (e.g., mineral licks)
Habitat UseHabitat Use
Habitat SelectionHabitat SelectionInsight to why animals are where they are – what are sheep Insight to why animals are where they are – what are sheep keying in on that’s affecting their distribution?keying in on that’s affecting their distribution?
Statistically rigorous method for quantifying habitats Statistically rigorous method for quantifying habitats that are selected and those that are avoidedthat are selected and those that are avoided
Measuring preference based on use vs availabilityMeasuring preference based on use vs availability Defensible decision-making tool because it is non-Defensible decision-making tool because it is non-
subjective, transparent, reproduciblesubjective, transparent, reproducible
Habitat Selection MethodsHabitat Selection MethodsModels:Models: Simplified descriptions Simplified descriptions of how we think a system worksof how we think a system works
Life RequisitesLife Requisites
DisplacementDisplacement MortalityMortality
CompetitionCompetition
Vegetation type + Aspect + Slope + Elevation + Ruggedness + Predation Risk
Describe how we think the system works -> habitat Describe how we think the system works -> habitat models of influential factors affecting sheep models of influential factors affecting sheep distribution, then use data to test the modelsdistribution, then use data to test the models
Multiple types of statistical analyses possible Resource Selection Functions (used in Besa-
Prophet)
Habitat Selection MethodsHabitat Selection Methods
#Vegetation type + # Aspect + # Slope + # Elevation + # Ruggedness + # Predation Risk
PTP Key FeaturesPTP Key FeaturesHierarchical planning: Strategic to site-level planningHierarchical planning: Strategic to site-level planning
Results-Oriented Framework Results-Oriented Framework No prescribed “rules” for implementation, just specified outcomesNo prescribed “rules” for implementation, just specified outcomes
Continual Improvement through Adaptive Management (AM)Continual Improvement through Adaptive Management (AM)AM = systematic approach to learning from outcomes of management AM = systematic approach to learning from outcomes of management actions designed to generate reliable feedback and clarify reasons actions designed to generate reliable feedback and clarify reasons underlying the outcomes underlying the outcomes
Result:Result: Flexible, innovative, systematic learningFlexible, innovative, systematic learningFollows national (CSA) standards, relevant to certification processes Follows national (CSA) standards, relevant to certification processes (e.g., Sustainable Forest Mgmt Plan as model for socially and (e.g., Sustainable Forest Mgmt Plan as model for socially and environmentally-oriented management plans)environmentally-oriented management plans)
PTP Management & PTP Management & MonitoringMonitoring
Results-based Mgmt Framework
Criterion
Element
Objective
Indicator
Target
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
PTP Outputs
O&G Industry Proponent
Dvlpmt Plans, Records, Reports
Monitoring
Baseline
Implementation (Tracking Compliance)
Effectiveness
Validation
Best Mgmt PracticesAccess Mgmt
Roles & Responsibilities
Adaptive Management
CIMF
PTP Management & PTP Management & MonitoringMonitoring
Results-based Mgmt Framework
Criterion
Element
Objective
Indicator
Target
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
Conservation of Biological Diversity
The structure, function and distribution of Stone’s sheep winter habitat, population and behaviours remain in a natural range
Proportion and amount of disturbance (% and ha) by winter habitat classes
<2% of moderately high to high capability winter habitat is disturbed
Conservation of Species Diversity
What is the likelihood of effectiveness in meeting stated objective?Opportunities for improvement: ambiguity in the language/definitions, no clear measurable link between indicator and objective, winter range only, physical ground disturbance only.
What is Disturbance?What is Disturbance?Appropriate Measures?Appropriate Measures?
Physical (ground) disturbancePhysical (ground) disturbanceZone of influence (“buffers”)Zone of influence (“buffers”)Permanent vs long-term vs temporary disturbance (“natural Permanent vs long-term vs temporary disturbance (“natural state”)state”)Cumulative effectsCumulative effectsUncertainties (e.g., climate change)Uncertainties (e.g., climate change)
May need different types of targets for different types of May need different types of targets for different types of disturbancedisturbance
Models Models Simplified descriptions of how we Simplified descriptions of how we
think a system worksthink a system worksDisplacement factorsDisplacement factors
Aircraft over-flightsAircraft over-flights Flight path and frequencyFlight path and frequency
Vehicle and machinery noiseVehicle and machinery noise Road and cutblock proximityRoad and cutblock proximity
Human presenceHuman presence Proximity to recreational Proximity to recreational
areasareas
Competition factorsCompetition factors Not currently modeledNot currently modeled
Mortality factorsMortality factors Concentrated goat harvestConcentrated goat harvest
Site accessSite access Predation riskPredation risk
Bear, wolf, wolverine densityBear, wolf, wolverine density
Habitat Supply Modeling in the Mackenzie TSA: MOUNTAIN GOAT
Life Life RequisitesRequisites
DisplacemeDisplacementnt
MortalitMortalityy
CompetitionCompetition
S8M Research ScopeS8M Research Scoperesearch outcomes -> mgmt research outcomes -> mgmt
plansplansResponsibilities relative to PTP
Opportunities relative to PTP
PTP Management & PTP Management & MonitoringMonitoring
Results-based Mgmt Framework
Criterion
Element
Objective
Indicator
Target
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
PTP Outputs
O&G Industry Proponent
Dvlpmt Plans, Records, Reports
Monitoring
Baseline
Implementation (Tracking Compliance)
Effectiveness
Validation
Best Mgmt PracticesAccess Mgmt
Roles & Responsibilities
Adaptive Management
CIMF
Research Input
S8M Research ScopeS8M Research Scoperesearch outcomes -> mgmt research outcomes -> mgmt
plansplansResponsibilities S8M PTP Indicators and Targets relevant to Stone’s sheep S8M PTP Indicators and Targets relevant to Stone’s sheep
conservation. conservation. Mountain goats? B-P PTP?Mountain goats? B-P PTP? Review and recommend BMPs relevant to Stone’s sheep Review and recommend BMPs relevant to Stone’s sheep
conservation. conservation. Mountain goats?Mountain goats?
S8M Research ScopeS8M Research Scoperesearch outcomes -> mgmt research outcomes -> mgmt
plansplansResponsibilities S8M PTP Indicators and Targets relevant to Stone’s sheep S8M PTP Indicators and Targets relevant to Stone’s sheep
conservation. Mountain goats? B-P PTP?conservation. Mountain goats? B-P PTP? Review and recommend BMPs relevant to Stone’s sheep Review and recommend BMPs relevant to Stone’s sheep
conservation. Mountain goats?conservation. Mountain goats?
Given:Given:Limited to Oil and Gas (excluding geophysical activities)Limited to Oil and Gas (excluding geophysical activities)Limited to PTP areaLimited to PTP areaOnly Indicators & Targets are legally-binding (not BMPs or formal AM)Only Indicators & Targets are legally-binding (not BMPs or formal AM)
Are there:Are there:Other management needs? Interests? Applications? Plans? Other management needs? Interests? Applications? Plans?
Opportunities?How much do you as a committee want to facilitate or recommend?How much do you as a committee want to facilitate or recommend?
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Spatial mappingSpatial mapping Cumulative effects – spatial, temporalCumulative effects – spatial, temporal
Using the information we have gained Using the information we have gained in this project and applying it in in this project and applying it in decision-making toolsdecision-making tools
Models that explain our understanding Models that explain our understanding of the system and identify of the system and identify uncertainties – probabilities of impactuncertainties – probabilities of impact
““Any benefit to one value does not come at an unacceptable Any benefit to one value does not come at an unacceptable expense to either one or both of its counterparts” expense to either one or both of its counterparts”
PTP Overall Goal PTP Overall Goal Optimization of ValuesOptimization of Values
SocialSocial
EconomicEconomic EnvironmentEnvironmentalal
Indicators and TargetsIndicators and Targets“ “ Setting a numerical value on the Targets has been one of the most Setting a numerical value on the Targets has been one of the most challenging aspects of creating the pre-tenure plans. The science challenging aspects of creating the pre-tenure plans. The science and information behind attempting to quantify short- and long-term and information behind attempting to quantify short- and long-term impacts of oil and gas activities, and therefore behind the impacts of oil and gas activities, and therefore behind the management direction that guide the activities, is imprecise and management direction that guide the activities, is imprecise and subjective. As a result, regular monitoring of activities and their subjective. As a result, regular monitoring of activities and their outcomes on the ground, and adapting to local conditions or new outcomes on the ground, and adapting to local conditions or new information, is essential”information, is essential”Looked at info that was available in sufficient detail and relevant Looked at info that was available in sufficient detail and relevant over broad scale – 5 focal species, all ungulates, winter range over broad scale – 5 focal species, all ungulates, winter range limiting factorlimiting factorSome value indicators are difficult to measureSome value indicators are difficult to measureLots of uncertainty in targets – complex system, Lots of uncertainty in targets – complex system, Thresholds (critical levels / conditions) are largely unknownThresholds (critical levels / conditions) are largely unknownMultiple competing valuesMultiple competing values
MACH_PROX: Proximity of
...
GT 1000m From 400m t
... LT 400m
33.3 33.3 33.3
MACH_DIST: Disturbance ...
Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
GRD_DIST: Total Ground D
...
Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
RD_DIST: Disturbance - Ro
...
Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
RD_FREQ: Frequency of R
...
LT 1 per hr From 1 to 2 p
... GT 2 per hr
33.3 33.3 33.3
INPUT3: GIS to determine the proximity of roads
RD_PROX: Proximity to Ro
...
GT 400m Frm 50to400m LT 50m
33.3 33.3 33.3
INPUT2: User Inputs or Management Lever
INPUT5: User Inputs (GIS to determine the proximity of human activity) or Management Lever
HUM_PROX: Proximity of H
...
GT 100m From 50m to ... LT 50m
33.3 33.3 33.3
HUM_FREQ: Frequency of ...
GT 2daysbtwn LT 2daysbtwn
50.0 50.0
HUM_DIST: Disturbance - ...
Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
INPUT4: User Inputs or Management Lever
GoatHSM: GROUND DISTURBANCE - SUMMER AND WINTER
INPUT1: GIS to determine the proximity of industrial activity (timber harvest, road construction, drilling) in current year and season (S=Apr15-Nov15; W=Nov16-Apr14).
GoatHSM: SUMMER ESCAPE TERRAIN
SH: Summer Habitat Types Other Glacier
50.0 50.0
FC: Forest Cover Non forested Forested
50.0 50.0
RGH: Roughness Irregular Smooth
50.0 50.0
SLP: Slope (Degrees) Frm 35to60 Other
50.0 50.0
AIR_DIST: Aerial Disturba ... Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
GRD_DIST: Ground Distur ... Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
TOT_DIST: Total Disturban ... High Moderate Low
33.3 33.3 33.3
NOTE1: SUMMER ground disturbance
HUNT: Local Goat Harvest No increase Inc 0 to 3pct Inc GT 3pct
33.3 33.3 33.3
SE_CAP: Habitat Capability Preferred Equivocal Avoided
33.3 33.3 33.3
SE_PREF: Habitat Preferen ... Preferred Equivocal Avoided
33.3 33.3 33.3
SE_VAL: Habitat Value High Moderate Low
33.3 33.3 33.3
NOTE2: SUMMER predation risk
PRED: Predation Risk Low Moderate High
33.3 33.3 33.3
Spatial Relationships: Spatial Relationships: Juxtaposition of Habitat Juxtaposition of Habitat
ElementsElements
Evaluating Relationships
Among Habitat Elements
Trails
Escape TerrainSummer/Winter
Mineral Licks
Escape TerrainStaging Areas