Dairy Consultant SeminarOrlando - January 2019

Tony Hall MSc MIBiol PASLallemand Animal Nutrition – North America

ahall@lallemand.com

UnderstandingFiber Digestibility& Tools To help Rumen Function

mailto:ahall@lallemand.com

Need to be better than “average” at everything!Especially Forage Quality

(Prof Salfer – University of MN – Nov 2018)

(In competitive industries when: Price => Cost then Profit => Zero)

Profit cohorts by annual milk per cow

Milk Component Yield – Biggest Factor

Milk Cow Feed Efficiency (& NMIOTFC) is driven by Diet Dry Matter Digestibility

Forage Quality; Rumen Function; Diet NDF Digestibilityand Diet Starch Digestibility

Improved forage fiber digestibility is one of the keys to higher milk production

Fiber is a Nutritional Entity (not a chemical one!)

Fiber is measured by chemical insolubility Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) – is the best measure of

insoluble fiber for ruminants

■ Dry matter intakes

■ Digestibility

■ Rate of passage

■ Rumen function and health

Mertens D. R. 2015 CNC

Even the way we report NDF has changed recently

NDFDM amylase-NDFDM a-NDFOM(Dry matter basis) (Dry matter basis) (Organic matter basis)

Van Souest PJ & RH Wine 1967 JAOAC

Fiber (NDF) is unique among described nutrients – no endogenous loss! Therefore apparent and true fiber digestibility (NDFD) are the same

Now using NDF digestibility and associated rate values

Courtesy of Dr. Mike Van Amburgh

0.20

0.30

0.40

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1.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

uNDF

% o

f Tot

al N

DF

In Vitro Incubation Time (hours)

Mixed Legume/Grass Hay Mixed Grass/Legume HayMixed Grass/Legume HayLegume Hay Grass Hay

Comparison of NDF Disappearance in 5 Hay Samples

NDFD pools & rates by forage type

Courtesy of Dr. Mike Van Amburgh

Courtesy of R Ward 2017 Pers .Comm .

Rate of NDF digestion (kd values) - also important

Courtesy of J Goeser 2015 RRL

Range of “smoothed" kd values for NDF based on uNDF240

Courtesy Dairyland Labs Website

Courtesy of R Ward 2017 Pers .Comm .

The utility of NDFDom, kd-rate and 240 hr uNDFom via NIR analysis

■ Potentially rapid turn round of very useful NDF data

■ Gives insight into the likely rate and extent of NDF digestion

■ Higher aNDFDom gives two fold effect on potential calorie intake to the high performing cow.

■ Allows one to benchmark forages for use based on more than NDF alone

■ Measure of ballast (“fill” or physical constraint on dry matter intake) in high performing cows at appetite limit.

Taking a closer look at uNDFom

Besides uNDF’s known role in estimating the potentially digestible NDF pool and associated digestion rates there is currently dairy cow trial work focused on uNDF intakes, using both 30hr and 240 hr time

points in forages.

(NB: A 120 hr time point appears to work best for defining uNDF in plant byproducts feed ingredients!)

■ uNDF appears to have a key role in maintaining the rumen digesta load

■ uNDF is likely related to physically effective NDF (peNDF) and chewing

■ uNDF related to dry matter intake and appetite limit

240 hr uNDFom intakes published to date

■ Miner Institute (2014): 0.30% BW as possible minimum0.40% BW as possible maximum

■ University of Bologna (2015): 0.35% BW to 0.48% BW

■ Cornell University (2016): 0.42% BW to 0.48% BW

It’s a work in progress with some likely confounding factors; fermented forages versus dried forages, forage inclusion rates, forage particle and fragility, non forage fiber sources etc.

Rick Grant (Miner Inst. NY) – Cornell Nut Conf 2018 -> peuNDF240 (4.0 mm screen)

Crop factors influencing NDFD in forages

■ Maturity – cutting date

■ Plant genetics (e.g. BMR)

■ Legume versus grass

■ Cool season forages better than warm season forages

■ Long spells of hot weather promote lignification

■ Poor silage or hay conservation practices (ADICP)

Silage inoculant treatment to influence NDFD

Buchneri 40788 silage inoculant to negate wild yeasts

Extends TMR “Shelf Life”

Ration & Feed Management Practices Negatively Influencing Forage NDFD

■ Sub acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Plaizier J C et al 2001: Can J An Sci)[Starch, NFC, F;G ratio, pe-NDF, particle size, rate of passage, stocking density, TMR feed allocations & push ups, empty bunk, time away from parlor, fresh cow pen etc]

Ration & Feed Management Practices Negatively Influencing Forage NDFD

■ Insufficient soluble & degradable – N compounds and BCAA’s in ration

■ Insufficient rumen fermentable carbs

■ Excess RUFAL

■ Wild yeasts

■ Mycotoxins (Patulin & DON)

Forages with low NDFDomWhat are your options?

■ Dilute out or substitute with another forage if forage inventory and ration formulation options allow.

■ Dilute out or substitute with a digestible non forage fiber source if practical and or economic

■ Consider inclusion of a research proven active dry yeast such as Levucell SC 1077 to manage SARA and improve NDF digestibility.

2

LEVUCELL SC CNCM I-1077 helps improve rumen function:

Lactate-producing bacteria

Fiber degradation

Microbial populationoptimization

Rumen pH

Lactate-utilizing bacteria Anaerobic condition (thanks to oxygen scavenging)

More informationon the Research Bibliography

Levucell SC 1077 – Effect on Rumen Function

2.a

LEVUCELL SC optimizes feeding behavior of ruminants with a positive effect on digestive comfort

Meal frequency and meal size are two important criteria that impact rumen pH and rumen efficiency

Growsafe system to access to feeding behaviour

DeVries T. J. and E. Chevaux., Univerisity of Guelph, Canada, 2014. J. Dairy Sci. 97 : 6499–6510 TS FEEDING BEHAVIOR_DevriesCanada2014

mea

ls/d

ay

kg D

M/m

eal

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

Meal frequency Meal size

CONTROL0

CONTROL0

LEVUCELL SCI 1077 10x109 CFU/head/d

LEVUCELL SCI 1077 10x109 CFU/head/d

+15%

-10%

*p=0.07 *p=0.09

9.0*

3.8

3.4*7.8

Levucell SC 1077 – Key Features – Rumen pH

LEVUCELL SC helps maintain rumen pH to optimum non acidotic levels:The lower the control is (acute level) the higher the effect of LEVUCELL SC is

SUB

AC

UTE

pH

LEVUCELL SC stimulates fiber colonization by cellulolytic bacteria and fungi

Mic

ro g

of b

iom

ass/

g D

M

The colonization of forage by fungi

CONTROL0

LEVUCELL SCI 1077 10x109 CFU/head/d

Log

nb o

f 16s

r DN

A c

opie

s/g

DM

***p

Adapted from Michalet Doreau and Morand 1997, RND

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Xylanase Avicelase B-D-Xylosidase B-D-Glucosidase

Control (0% barley)

Control (66% barley)

S. cerevisiae I-1077

Polysaccharide-hydrolases GlycosidasesBacteria associated to the solid phase

Rumen cannulated sheep

Non acidotic (hay diet)

Acidotic (barley diet)

Acidotic + SC I-1077

Positive effect of Levucell SC 1077 on fibrolytic potentialSC 1077 has a high effect on increasing fibrolytic activity when diet is acidotic

Graph1

XylanaseXylanaseXylanase

AvicelaseAvicelaseAvicelase

B-D-XylosidaseB-D-XylosidaseB-D-Xylosidase

B-D-GlucosidaseB-D-GlucosidaseB-D-Glucosidase

Control (0% barley)

Control (66% barley)

S. cerevisiae I-1077

100

29

80

100

22

47

100

40

65

100

65

116

Feuil1

Control (0% barley)Control (66% barley)S. cerevisiae I-1077

Xylanase1002980

Avicelase1002247

B-D-Xylosidase1004065

B-D-Glucosidase10065116

LEVUCELL SC fosters NDF degradability of more than 200 different forages

In s

acco

ND

F di

gest

ibilit

y (%

)*C

onve

rsio

n in

milk

**

* average of 24-28h

**Oba & Allen 1999, J Dairy Sci 82:589–596Guedes et al., CECAV Portugal, 2008. Anim Feed Sci Technol 145:27-40, Guedes et al., CECAV Portugal, 2010. Proceeding from Wageningen Symposium, Netherlands pp 25-30, Gomez M.J. et al, CECAV Portugal, Congresso de Zootechnica 2015. Chaucheyras-Durand F. et al., INRA France, 2010, J Dairy ScJ. Anim. Sci. 88 (S2)/J. Dairy Sci. 93 (S1) : 145, Walker and Cintora, BRI, Canada 2010, Ding G. et al, China Agricultural University, China, 2014 J. Anim. Sci. and Biotech. 5 :24, Souza D.O. Lallemand Internal report, University of São Paulo, Brazil, 2015, Souza D.O., University of São Paulo, Brazil, 2018, Anim Feed Sci Technol 236:149-158

CONTROL 0

LEVUCELL SC I 1077 10x109 CFU/head/d

Sugar cane silage

Corn silage NDFd

control50

+1.0pt +4.0pt +2.4pt +3.0pt +7.9pt +2.9 pt +4.0pt +1.0pt +2.6pt +5.4pt

+0.2kg +1.0kg +0.6kg +0.8kg +2.0kg +0.7kg +1.0kg +0.3kg +0.7kg +1.4kg

Levucell SC 1077 – Key Features – Fiber degradation

LEVUCELL SC increases total digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber with positive potential impact on energy corrected milk

** Oba M. and M. S. Allen, 1999, J Dairy Sci 82:589–596Bitencourt L. L. et al, Federal University of Lavras, Brazil, 2011, Sci Agric. 68 (3): 301-307

In v

ivo

ND

F D

iges

tibilit

y (%

)

CONTROL0

LEVUCELL SCI 1077 10x109 CFU/head/d

+4.9 pts = 1.2 kg of milk**

* p

Dynamic model for fiber digestion

Diet ingredient

NDF content NDF digestibility

NDF (carbohydrate) degraded

NDF (carbohydrate) absorbed

Metabolisable energy

Net Energy for Maintenance

Net Energy for Growth Net Energy for Milk

Diet compositionForage/concentrate ratio

Physical efficient fiber

Rumen pH

live yeastSC I-1077

live yeastSC I-1077

1) Fill the inclusion rate of LEVUCELL SC (0,0005kg/cow/day)

2) Evaluate the dietbalance and the predicted milk

(Metabolisable EnergyME and Protein MP)

Inclusion of LEVUCELL SC submodel into NDS

Diet composition without LEVUCELL SC

Compare milk production effect with & without Levucell

Predicted milk production without LEVUCELL SC

Diet composition with LEVUCELL SC Predicted milk production with LEVUCELL SC

Effect on Rumen pH & SARA prediction

Diet composition without LEVUCELL SC Predicted Rumen pH without LEVUCELL SC

Diet composition with LEVUCELL SC Predicted Rumen pHwith LEVUCELL SC

Diet composition without LEVUCELL SC Predicted potentially degraded fiber whichare fermented (Fermented CHO B3)

without LEVUCELL SC

Diet composition with LEVUCELL SC Predicted potentially degraded fiber whichis fermented (Fermented CHO B3)

with LEVUCELL SC

Effect of Levucell on NDF digestibility

Predicted NDF and pdNDF True Total tract digestibility without LEVUCELL SC

Predicted NDF and pdNDF True Total tract digestibility with LEVUCELL SC

Levucell Sc & NDF digestibility

Income Over Feed Cost

Income over feed cost (IOFC) and feedefficiency (ECM efficiency)

without LEVUCELL SC

Income over feed cost (IOFC) and feedefficiency (ECM efficiency)

with LEVUCELL SC

Educational Resources on Rumen Health

Explore our new educational website:

Want to learn more about rumen microorganisms ?

RuminantDigestiveSystem.comis a resource to learn more about:

■ The rumen environment and microbial function

■ Potential rumen challenges encountered on-farm

■ News curated by Lallemand ruminant experts

■ Important references and publications

http://ruminantdigestivesystem.com/http://ruminantdigestivesystem.com/http://ruminantdigestivesystem.com/http://ruminantdigestivesystem.com/http://ruminantdigestivesystem.com/http://intranet/specialties/an/Logos/LALLEMAND%20FORWARD/Logo%20Forward.jpghttp://intranet/specialties/an/Logos/LALLEMAND%20FORWARD/Logo%20Forward.jpg

CONCLUSION■ Due to weather (and other extenuating circumstances) the client does not

always provide the consultant with the high quality forage base we know his cows need and deserve!

■ Recent advances in NDF analysis (NDFD, kd & uNDF) allow us all to have a better understanding of a forages potential, and/or limitations.

■ There will be further developments, particularly with uNDF on appetite limits and its influence on rumen function.

■ NDF pools and rates may become more complex to describe forages – dynamic ration formulation model dependent

■ Some strain specific silage inoculant and ADY’s can be used cost effectively to help leverage more NDFD from forages

■ The positive influence of the ADY Levucell SC 1077 for dairy cows can now be predicted in carious ration formulations using the Levucell Sub Model in NDS

NOTICE: This presentation and its contents including any research data is, unlessotherwise specifically attributed, the intellectual property of Lallemand AnimalNutrition, a trading division of Lallemand Inc (“Lallemand”) and may not be copied orreproduced or distributed, in whole or in part, without the prior consent of Lallemand.DISCLAIMER: Although reasonable care has been taken to ensure that any facts statedin this presentation are accurate and that any opinions or advice expressed are fair andreasonable, no warranty is given as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness ofthe information. To the extent permitted by law, Lallemand, its officers, employees andagents shall not be liable for any loss suffered, howsoever arising, from the use by athird party of the information, advice or opinions contained within this presentation.This presentation does not constitute an offer, invitation, solicitation orrecommendation with respect to the purchase of Lallemand products and informationwithin, including the specifications of products, may be amended or withdrawnwithout prior notice. This presentation may contain information on products which arenot available for sale nor are approved for use within certain jurisdictions.

Understanding Fiber Digestibility & Tools To help Rumen FunctionNeed to be better than “average” at everything!�Especially Forage Quality�(Prof Salfer – University of MN – Nov 2018)Milk Component Yield – Biggest FactorMilk Cow Feed Efficiency (& NMIOTFC) is driven by �Diet Dry Matter DigestibilityImproved forage fiber digestibility is one of the keys �to higher milk productionFiber is a Nutritional Entity (not a chemical one!) Even the way we report NDF has changed recently�Now using NDF digestibility �and associated rate values�Comparison of NDF Disappearance in 5 Hay SamplesNDFD pools & rates by forage type Slide Number 11Rate of NDF digestion (kd values) - also importantRange of “smoothed" kd values for NDF based on uNDF240Slide Number 14The utility of NDFDom, kd-rate �and 240 hr uNDFom via NIR analysisTaking a closer look at uNDFom240 hr uNDFom intakes published to dateCrop factors influencing NDFD in foragesSilage inoculant treatment to influence NDFD Buchneri 40788 silage inoculant to negate wild yeastsExtends TMR “Shelf Life”Ration & Feed Management Practices Negatively �Influencing Forage NDFDRation & Feed Management Practices Negatively �Influencing Forage NDFDForages with low NDFDom �What are your options?Levucell SC 1077 – Effect on Rumen FunctionLevucell SC 1077 – Key Features – Rumen pHEffect of Levucell SC 1077 on rumen pHLevucell SC 1077 – Key Features – Fiber degradationSlide Number 35Levucell SC 1077 – Key Features – Fiber degradationIn vivo benefits of Levucell SC 1077 on total tract digestibilitySlide Number 41Slide Number 42Compare milk production effect with & without LevucellEffect on Rumen pH & SARA predictionEffect of Levucell on NDF digestibility Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Educational Resources on Rumen Health CONCLUSIONSlide Number 50