Understanding English Pronunciation - Maria English … Pronunciation... · due duty cute student ... Quiz : Fill in the blanks with the correct vowels. hook [h _ k] ... Understanding

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Understanding English Pronunciation (1) IPA Page 1

Understanding English

Pronunciation (1) International Phonetic Alphabet

by

Maria English Society

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Understanding English Pronunciation (1) International Phonetic Alphabet

© 2016 by Maria English Society

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any

means – electronic, mechanical, photographic (photocopying),

recording, or otherwise – without prior permission in writing

from the author.

Published by Maria English Society

http://mariaenglishsociety.hk

Email: [email protected]

Sound file of this book can be downloaded at:

http://www.mariaenglishsociety.hk/eagerlearners/dl.html

We use the IPA (DJ) in yahoo dictionary

https://hk.dictionary.yahoo.com/

http://mariaenglishsociety.hk/

http://www.mariaenglishsociety.hk/eagerlearners/dl.html

https://hk.dictionary.yahoo.com/

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Pronunciation

The alphabet

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

a b c d e f g h i j k l m

n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Vowels

A E I O U

Consonants

B C D F G H J K L M

N P Q R S T V W X Y Z

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The pronunciation of a

Quiz 1: Pronounce the following words.

say [seɪ] at [æ t] jar [dʒa:]

Quiz 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct vowels.

gag [g _ g] safe [s _ f] farm [ f _ m]

ant [ _ nt]

[ei]

age

day

May

face

lake

play

stay

cake

rain

eight

[æ ]

add

bad

apple

cat

cap

back

bag

black

happy

taxi

[a:]

ask

car

far

star

class

glass

card

art

park

father

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Long vowels

Words can be divided into units called syllables. When a syllable ends

with a vowel, the vowel usually has a long sound.

1. Open syllable

Examples: no, go, we, he, she

ba-by, stu-dent, se-cret, ze-ro, pho-to-graph

When there are two vowels, the first vowel usually has a long sound.

The second vowel is silent.

2. Vowel-consonant-silent e,

Examples: cake, face, take, place, mice, vote, mute

3. Double vowel syllable

Examples: meat, seat, plain , rain, goat, road, lie, pie

Short vowels

When a syllable ends with a consonant, the vowel usually has a short

sound.

1. Closed syllable

Examples: at, odd, us, it,

cat, dog, man, hat, mom, dad, got

mat-ter, con-struct, hap-py, Sep-tem-ber

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The pronunciation of e


keep [ki:p] end [end]


sense [s _ ns] seal [s _ l] leak [l _ k]

[i:]

eve

she

see

feet

meet

week

green

sheep

tea

seat

[e]

ever

pen

ten

red

leg

pet

desk

neck

egg

pencil

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The pronunciation of i


wine [waɪn] tip [tɪp]


sit [s _ t] site [s _ t] kind [k _ nd]

[ai]

ice

five

fine

like

wife

bike

child

iron

China

cry

[ɪ]

it

in

ink

big

pig

fit

pick

miss

fish

ship

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The pronunciation of o


low [ləʊ] cod [kɔd] order [′ɔ:də]


god [g _ d] sort [s _ t] sow [s _ ]

door [d _ ]

[əʊ]

open

no

nose

rose

cold

home

road

coat

boat

snow

[ɔ] / [ɒ]

odd

hot

fox

not

top

of

dog

fog

cost

cough

[ɔ:]

order

four

born

force

lord

short

ball

call

tall

wall

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The pronunciation of u


usage [′ju:sɪdʒ] under [′ʌndə]


tube [t _ b] ugly [ ′ _ glɪ] lunch [l _ ntʃ]

[ju:]

use

unit

uniform

due

duty

cute

student

computer

new

few

[ʌ]

us

up

bus

cup

cut

duck

mug

much

sun

run

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The pronunciation of oo

Quiz : Fill in the blanks with the correct vowels.

hook [h _ k] tool [t _ l] scoop [sk _ p]

Note: When the words finish with "oon" or "ool" the sound is long. Examples: moon, spoon, fool, cool, school. When the words finish with "ook", the sound is short. Examples: book, cook, took, look.

[u:]

fool

food

noon

room

moon

too

two

boot

cool

school

[u]

book

foot

good

look

wood

cook

hood

shook

crook

could

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The pronunciation of ou, ow The pronunciation of oi, oy


toy [t _ ] hour [ _ ə] blouse [bl _z]

[aʊ]

out

ours

house

loud

mouse

cloud

owl

now

cow

bow

[ɔi]

oil

boil

join

noise

voice

boy

joy

roy

soy

enjoy

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The sound ə for a, e, i, o, u The sound ɜː for er, ir, or, ur

[ə]

ago

effect

police

comfort

method

common

Oxford

family

upon

purpose

[ɜ: ] / [ə:]

serve

verb

birth

firm

girl

word

worse

turn

curve

church

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Schwa Schwa is the most common sound in English. It is a weak,

unstressed sound which is used in unstressed syllables.

police family ə ə

effect banana ə ə ə

social society əʊ ə

process procedure əʊ ə

oppose opposite əʊ ə

ugly upon

ʌ ə

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The sound iə The sound eə

The sound ʊə


search [s _ tʃ] career [kə′r _ ] poor [p _ ]

pear [p _ ] oppose [ _ ′pəʊz] spare [sp _ ]

[iə]

ear

near

fear

beer

here

[ʊə]

tour

tourist

sure

moor

boor

[eə] / [ɛə]

air

hair

chair

care

bear

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c = [k] /[s]

car

cart

cartoon

cell

ice

Consonants

b c d

f g h

[b]

big

bag

bud

job

rob

[d]

dog

day

door

head

bed

[f]

for

fish

face

of

off

[g]

go

girl

gill

dog

fog

[h]

hot

head

hand

hard

help

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j k l

Quiz : Try to pronounce the following words.

bulk Joyce lag

fog hood gill

j = [dʒ]

job

joke

jump

juice

joy

[k]

kid

kiss

kind

park

duck

[l]

lot

leg

like

ball

will

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m n ng

p q r

[m]

mad

miss

must

ham

arm

[n]

no

note

neck

sin

sun

[ŋ]

sing

king

ring

song

long

[p]

pig

pack

put

lip

harp

qu = [kw]

quick

quit

quote

quiet

quilt

[r]

red

rent

ride

tear

wear

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s t v


mono tangle van

quest rope prone

[s]

say

see

six

laughs

picks

[t]

ten

taxi

tea

cat

get

[v]

vine

visit

vow

five

love

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w x y

z


wax yeast zest

west yard zone

[w]

will

work

wait

went

wit

x = [z] /[ks]

Xerox

xylophone

six

fax

tax

[j]

yes

Yen

yet

yard

yellow

[z]

zoo

zero

zebra

rose

wise

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The sound ʃ (sh) The sound ʒ

The sound tʃ (ch) The sound dʒ

[ʃ]

she

ship

shop

fish

English

finish

[ʒ]

vision

decision

occasion

measure

pleasure

leisure

[tʃ]

chair

child

China

watch

lunch

French

[dʒ]

job

joke

jump

age

change

bridge

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The sound θ (th) The sound ð (th)


shine chain jog

thirst clothe division

[θ]

thin

think

thank

bath

mouth

cloth

[ð]

this

that

they

bathe

mother

bother

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Voiced and voiceless consonants

Voiced

b d g v z ʒ dʒ ð m n ŋ w j l r

p t k f s ʃ tʃ θ h

Voiceless

th [θ] and th [ð]

Voiceless [θ]

thin think three thing tenth

third through throw thousand thief

Voiced [ð]

the this that those these

there then them mother brother

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‘ed’ as [t] , [d] or [id]

Voiceless [t]

picked jumped laughed asked missed

placed mixed hoped helped washed

Voiced [d]

filled aimed signed trained rowed

robbed begged raised feared agreed

[id] wanted acted tested studded

‘s’ as [s] , [z] or [iz]

Voiceless [s]

picks jumps laughs asks hopes

Voiced [z]

fills aims signs fears rows

robs begs trains agrees

[iz] pieces closes watches washes

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The sound ts The sound dz


cats standards rights

brands waits spends

[ts]

seats

shots

tents

reports

parents

[dz]

lends

reads

needs

roads

words

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Practice 1 Long vowels

[ei] [i:] [ai] [əʊ] [ju:]

ace

base bee bye both bugle

cake cease cite cold Cupid

day deed die dole duke

eve

face fee five foam few

game geese guide goat /

hay he hire home huge

ice

jail jeep jive joke /

Kate key kite koala cute

lake leave light low /

May me mile mode mute

name knee nine note new

open

pay peach pile pole puberty

quake queen quite quote /

rate reed ripe rope /

safe seal sign sow /

taste teeth tide tone tube

use

vain vehicle vine vote view

wave we wine woe /

/ / exile / exuberant

yea yeast yikes yoke Yukon

zany zeta enzyme zone /

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Practice 2 Short vowels

[æ ] [e] [i] [ɔ] [ʌ]

at

bat bed big boss bud

cat cent cigar cod cup

dad den did doll duck

ever

fan fence fix fog fun

gap get give got gum

hat hen him hot hut

it

jam jet jigsaw job juggle

Kant Ken kick cock kung fu

lad let lip lot lunch

man met milk mock mud

nab net nib not nut

odd

pack pen pig pop pump

quack quench quick / /

rat red rib rob run

sand set sit soft sun

tap ten tin Tom tough

us

van vent vim vodka vulgar

wax web win wok /

exact executive exit exotic /

yam yes yip yonder yummy

zap Zen zip zombie /

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Practice 3

bl- blaze bled bliss block bluff

br- bring break bread brown bright

cl- clam cleft clip close club

cr- crab crept crib crop crust

dr- drag dress drive drop drum

fl- flag flesh flit flop flume

fr- frame fret frill from frustum

gl- glad glen glide globe glume

gr- grand Greenwich grip grove grunt

pl- plan pledge plinth plot plush

pr- prate press prize prop prussic

sc-/sk- scale sketch skill scot skull

sl- slave sledge slip slow slush

sm- smash smell smile smoke smutch

sn- snake snell snipe snow snug

sp- spade spell spin spot spun

st- stand step still stone stuff

sw- swam swell swim swollen swum

tr- trap trench trick trod truck

tw- twain twenty twins / /

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Practice 4

Pronounce the following words.

name [neɪm] game [geɪm] late [leɪt] say [seɪ]

key [ki:] she [ʃi:] speak [spi:k] eat [i:t]

high [hai] ice [ais] hide [haid] light [lait]

loaf [ləʊf] row [rəʊ] snow [snəʊ] home [həʊm]

cute [kju:t] unit [′ju:nɪt] you [ju:] duty [′dju:tɪ]

add [æ d] apple [æ pl] cat [kæ t] hat [hæ t]

men [men] dead [ded] said [sed] bed [bed]

big [bɪg] dish [dɪʃ] milk [mɪlk] quick [kwɪk]

boss [bɔs] cough [kɔf] shot[ʃɔt] chop [tʃɔp]

bud [bʌd] gum [gʌm] lunch [lʌntʃ] tough [tʌf]

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towel

[′taʊəl]

chart

[tʃa:t]

firm

[f ɜːm]

large

[la:dʒ]

third

[θɜːd]

throw

[θrəʊ]

bunch

[bʌntʃ]

weigh

[weɪ]

though

[ðəʊ]

wash

[wɔ:ʃ]

reign

[reɪn]

doubt

[daʊt]

circle

[′sɜːkl]

ache

[eɪk]

guess

[ges]

question

[′kwestʃən]

social

[′səʊʃəl]

society

[sə′saiətɪ]

oppose

[ə′pəʊz]

opposite

[′ɔpəzɪt]

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Practice 5

Find out the Phonetic Alphabet of the following words from

your dictionary and try to pronounce them.

man men

pan pen

bat bet

said dead

cod bother

cough tough

serve turn

march force

fund harp

quarrel bluff

pigeon prudent

smutch prate

chef Chicago

wash orphan

anchor wrestle

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Summary: Vowels

A: age add ask

E: eve ever

I: ice it

O: old odd order food foot

U: use us hour oil

owl boy

A: [ei] [æ ] [a:]

E: [i:] [e]

I: [ai] [ɪ]

O: [əʊ] [ɔ] [ɔ:] [u:] [u]

U: [ju:] [ʌ] [aʊ] [ɔi]

ago (for a, e, i, o, u)

urgent (for er, ir, or, ur)

[ə] (for a, e, i, o, u)

[ɜ:] (for er, ir, or, ur)

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Quiz: Did you pronounce the brand names right?

Christian Dior [ ′krɪstɪa:n dɪ′ɔ:]

Louis Vuitton [ ′lu:ɪ vɪ′tɔ:n]

Hermès [ eə′mes]

Givenchy [ ʒɪ′vɔ:nʃɪ]

agnès b [ ʌnɪ′es bi:]

Gucci [ ′gu:tʃɪ]

Godiva [gə′daivə]

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Answers

P.4

gag [gæ g] safe [seɪf] farm [fa:m] ant [æ nt]

p.6

sense [sens] seal [si:l] leak [li:k]

p.7

sit [sɪt] site [sait] kind [kaind]

p.8

god [gɔd] sort [sɔ:t] sow [səʊ] door [dɔ:]

p.9

tube [tju:b] ugly [ ′ʌglɪ] lunch [lʌntʃ]

p.10

hook [huk] tool [tu:l] scoop [sku:p]

p.11

toy [tɔi] hour [aʊə] blouse [blaʊz]

p.13

search [sə:tʃ] career [kə′r iə ] poor [pʊə ]

pear [peə ] oppose [ ə ′pəʊz] spare [speə ]

p.15

bulk [bʌlk] Joyce [dʒɔis] lag [læ g]

fog [fɔg] hood [hud] gill [gɪl]

p.17

mono [ˋmɔnəʊ] tangle [ˋtæŋgl] van [væ n]

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quest [kwest] rope [rəʊp] prone [prəʊn]

p.18

wax [wæ ks] yeast [ji:st] zest [zest]

west [west] yard [jɑ:d] zone [zəʊn]

p.20

shine [ʃain] chain [tʃein] jog [dʒɔg]

thirst [θə:st] clothe [kləuð] division [dɪˋvɪʒən]

p.29

man [mæ n] men [men]

pan [pæ n] pen [pen]

bat [bæ t] bet [bet]

said [sed] dead [ded]

cod [kɔd] bother [ˋbɔðə]

cough [kɔf] tough [tʌf]

serve [sə:v] turn [tə:n]

march [mɑ:tʃ] force [fɔ:s]

fund [fʌnd] harp [hɑ:p]

quarrel [ˋkwɔrəl] bluff [blʌf]

pigeon [ˋpɪdʒin] prudent [ˋpru:dənt]

smutch [smʌtʃ] prate [preɪt]

chef [ʃef] Chicago [ʃɪˋkɑ:gəʊ]

wash [wɔʃ] orphan [ˋɔ:fən]

anchor [ˋæŋkə] wrestle [ˋresl]

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Understanding English Pronunciation - Maria English … Pronunciation... · due duty cute student ... Quiz : Fill in the blanks with the correct vowels. hook [h _ k] ... Understanding