Understanding Emergency Equipment in DENTISTRY

7/28/2019 Understanding Emergency Equipment in DENTISTRY

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EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTS ALL SINGLE USE

LATEX FREE.Air way:

Procedure for insertion of oropharyngeal airway


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Don gloves (if available).

Clear the patient's airway, apply suction if necessary.

Estimate the correct size of the airway by placing it against the patient's face and

measuring it from the angle of the jaw to the incisors (Fig 1). The correct size is one that

equates to the vertical distance between the incisors and the angle of the jaw (Nolan et

al, 2005). If possible, lubricate the airway before insertion (practically, in the emergency situation,

this is rarely done).

Open the patient's mouth, clear the airway, using suction if necessary, and insert the

airway in the inverted position (Fig 2) (the curved part of the airway will help press the

tongue down and prevent it from being pushed posteriorly).

As it passes over the soft palate, rotate the airway through 180 (Fig 3).

Following insertion, confirm that the airway is in the correct position - the patient's

airway should be improved and the flattened reinforced section should be positioned in

between the patient's teeth or gums if there are no teeth (Resuscitation Council (UK),

2000).

Closely monitor the patency and position of the airway; it can become blocked by thetongue or epiglottis and can become wedged into the vallecula (Marsh et al, 1991).

Vomit, secretions and blood can also compromise its patency.

BRONCO SPASM:

SPACER DEVICE

Breathing:


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It features a 500 Litre D-size

O2 cylinder, non-detachable 2-flow regulator (5 and 15 ipm) c/w tubing connector, adult therapymask and tubing and a single-use self-inflating resus bag with adult mask.


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Non-rebreathable mask, partially rebreathable mask, and venturi mask are different types of face

masks used in medical treatment for administering oxygen to patients.

1. Non-rebreathable mask is named so because it is designed to prevent mixing of

atmospheric air or the air exhaled by the patient with the oxygen. This type of mask allows

up to 90% concentration of oxygen to be delivered to the patient. However, too much

administration of oxygen can also cause medical problems, hence it is used only when

specifically prescribed and with proper medical attention.

2. Partially rebreathable mask block the intake of the atmospheric air only partially. Use of

such masks result in patient breathing about 40% to 60% concentration of oxygen.

Reservoir masks come in two types: a partial rebreather mask and a non-rebreather mask. Similar in

appearance, both masks have a reservoir bag that fills with oxygen, and the bag must be kept

inflated. These are considered low flow devices, but can deliver higher oxygen concentrations than a

simple face mask. However, a partial rebreather mask has no one-way valves; a non-rebreather

mask has a small one-way valve on the outside of the mask and another inside the mask at the top

of the bag where it connects to the mask. These valves allow expired CO2 to leave the mask.

Conserving devices are designed to decrease the

3. Venturi mask is is a mask that uses a mechanical vent that increases the rate of flow of

oxygen into the mask. This type of mask increases the supply of total oxygen for

breathing, but the concentration of oxygen supplied is about just 24% to 28%


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Well-fitting adult and child masks attached to self-inflating bag


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Fig. 3. Specific functions of the bag-valve-mask system that require testing, using non-disposable (upper) and disposable

(lower) Laerdal devices as examples. Visual and functional testing of the mask (A), patient valve (B), oxygen intake system (C),

emergency air-intake system (D), pressure relief valve (E) and reservoir bag (F) are mandatory to ensure proper operation.

Self-inflating bag.


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Circulation:Capillary refill time, central pulse, peripheral pulse.

Single use syringes


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EMERGENCY DRUGS:

Adrenaline Injection BP 1/1000 (1mg/1ml) Each 1ml of solution contains adrenalineacid tartrate BP equivalent to 1mg of adrenaline. Clear, colourless, sterile, aqueous


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solution, intended for parenteral administration to human beings. Adrenaline is adirect-acting sympathomimetic agent.

Adrenaline may be used to provide rapid relief of severe hypersensitivity reaction todrugs and other allergens, and in the emergency treatment of anaphylactic shock.

Severe hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic shock>>IM Injection:

Adults: The usual dose is 500 micrograms (0.5ml of adrenaline 1/1000). If necessary, this dose may

be repeated several times at 5-minute intervals according to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory

function.

Half doses of adrenaline may be safer for patients who are taking amitriptyline, imipramine or a

beta blocker.

Children: The following doses of adrenaline 1/1,000 are recommended:

Age Dose

Over 12 years 500 micrograms (0.5ml)

250 micrograms (0.25ml) if child is small or prepubertal

6 - 12 years 250 micrograms (0.25ml)

6 months - 6 years 120 micrograms (0.12ml)

Under 6 months 50 micrograms (0.05ml)

If necessary, these doses may be repeated several times at 5-minute intervals

according to:blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.

Adrenaline Injection contains sodium metabisulphite, which can cause allergic-typereactions, including anaphylaxis and life-threatening or less severe asthmaticepisodes, in certain susceptible individuals.

The presence of sodium metabisulphite in parenteral Adrenaline and the possibilityof allergic-type reactions should not deter use of the drug when indicated for thetreatment of serious allergic reactions or for other emergency situations.

The patients' ability to drive and use machines may be affected by the anaphylactic reaction,

as well as by possible adverse reactions to adrenaline.


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EPIPEN

ORAL GLUCOSE 2O GM

1MG IN1ML STERILE WATER


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100MICROGRAM/PUFF 2 PUFF NORMAL ADULT DOSE DOUBLE DURING EMERGENCY

IF NO IMPROVEMENT/SEVER SYMPTOMS GV4-6 DOSE W VOLUMETRIC DEVICE EVERY

10MIN.

STEPS:1.CORRECTGRIP,

HOLDTHEINHALERINMYFAVOURITEHAND,USETHEINDEXFINGER

ATTHETOPOFMOUTHPIECEANDTHUMBONTHEBASEOFMOUTH

PIECE.

2.DO ONE GOOD STRONGORALEXHALATION TRY NOT TO BREATH

OUT THROUGH YOUR NOSE. DO IT THROUGH YOUR MOUTH.


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3.ORAL INHALATION PUT THE MOUTH PIECE SECURELY IN

MOUTH AND SPRAY THE MEDICINE INSIDE

INHALE WHILE THE MEDICINE BEING SPRAYED, MAKE SURE

MEDICINE GOES INTO LUNGS THROUGH AIR PASSAGES AND NOT

THRU TO YOUR STOMACH.

4 CORRECT DOSAGES:

5.MEDICAL ASSISTANCE INHALER ARE FOR IMMEDIATE

RELIEF, IT IS STILL IMPORTANT TO CONSULT GP, PROPER

MEDICAL ADVICE

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Understanding Emergency Equipment in DENTISTRY