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Understanding Common Orthopedic
Conditions Among the 40s
By Josephine Ko
Principal Physiotherapist
& Mark Victor Rankine
Fitness Consultant
Objectives
1. Gain understanding of the biological changes of thefemale human body at age above 40.
2. Understand the implications of these biological changeson body postures, joints, muscles, bones, cartilage anddiscs health.
3. Understand how these changes contribute to thecommon orthopedic conditions.
4. Identify early signs of muscles, cartilage and jointsdegeneration.
5. Appreciate how body postures and lack of physicalactivity hasten the degenerative process in the skin,joints, muscles, bones and discs of the human body.
6. Strategies to preserve your body.
Noticeable Physical Changes above 40years old
• Loss of skin elasticity –appearance of wrinkles, dry and scaly skin
• Slow down of metabolic rate, gradual weight gain, more fat deposition around the abdominal area
• Loss of muscle tone – saddle hips, flabby arms, spare tires around the waist
• General weakness
• Joint pain and muscle ache
Subtle Changes of the Physical Body
• Hormonal changes
o Menopause symptoms – irregular period, shorter cycles
o Loss of muscle tone - incontinence
o Loss of bone mass – osteoporosis
o Hair thinning
• Soft tissues changes – loss of collagen elasticity
o Stiffening of the blood vessels wall
o Increase cholesterol deposits in the blood vessels
o Stiffening of the muscles, including the heart
• Declining brain and memory function
o Declining oestrogen level may relate to deteriorating cognitive function
• Gradual deterioration in vision and hearing
Physiological changes and the implications on body postures, joints, muscles, bones, cartilage and discs health
• Loss of muscle tone
o Less shock absorption on impact and loading e.g. walking, stair climbing, running and jumping
o Easily sustain sprains and injuries especially the neck, back, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips and knees
• Loss of soft tissue elasticity
o Stiffening of the blood vessels wall
o Stiffening of the muscles – ability to contract and pump blood
o Poor circulation
o Prone to muscle aches, knots in the muscles
Spin
al Anato
my
.Discs act as weight absorber, the sponges between the spinal bones, like suspension in a car.
It degenerates with TIME, with INACTIVITYand injury.
% of Weight Absorption by Discs
Neck
o 36%
Back
o 80-85%
Movement changes the pressure in the discs and joints, keeps them supple and healthy.
However, with stagnant positions due to poor postures and tight muscles, these can cause long term unhealthy pressure on the joints and discs, which leads early
degeneration, causing pain and discomfort.
Postural Influences on Spinal Curvatures and Joints
Compare a tall, straight and even spine vs a crooked spine, can you imagine the pressure and stresses this has on the
neighbouring structures in the long run? And you ask, “why do I have pain?”
Do you ever wonder why we grow shorter as we age? Can this be controlled?
Relationship Between Poor Muscle Tone and Postures
Firm abdominals and butt Chin poking forward, shoulders rounding forward,
slack abdominals and butt
Muscles hold the Body Upright,
keep our body Lengthen
maintain Balance in the ligaments and,
keep the Joints healthy.
Early signs of muscles, cartilage and joints degeneration
• Sense of stiffness around the neck and back in the morning, goes off gradually once you started moving.
• Clicking joints e.g. shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, knees and ankles.
• Increasing frequency of muscle ache, till a point you need to apply medicated plaster, heat rub or seek medical treatment.
• Degeneration is silent and gradual, but it hastens during the middle age and post menopause.
Common Orthopedic Conditions
Neck and Back
• Articular Cartilage and Bone Diseases
o Osteoarthritis
o Spondylosis
o Spondylolisthesis
o Degenerative disc
Facts About Back Pain
• 4 out of 5 people will experience back pain at some point in their lives
• 50% experience relief within 2 weeks
• 90% experience relief in 3 months
• 5-10% will become chronic
Common Causes of Neck and Back Pain
o POSTURES
o Joints
o Muscles
o Bones
o Ligaments
o Discs
o Nerves
Degenerative Disc Disease
Spinal Stenosis
• Disc space collapses, facet joints are displaced narrowing of intervertebral foramina and lateral recesses of the spinal canal
= SPINAL STENOSIS
• Pain with prolong standing, relief with sitting
ture
Prolapse IV Disc
Spondylolisthesis
Refe
rred P
ain
fro
m t
he N
erv
es
Osteoporosis
Shoulder
o Impingement syndrome o Tendonitis and tendon calcification
o Frozen shoulder
Elbow
Golfers’ Elbow
Tennis Elbow
Wrist & Hand
o Trigger Fingers
o De Quervain’s Syndrome
o Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
Hip o Osteoarthritis
o Bursitis/Snapping Hip
Knees
o Osteoarthritis
o Degenerative Meniscus
Knees
o IT Band Friction Syndrome
o Patella Tendonitiso Patellofemoral Pain
Foot
o Achilles tendinitis
o Plantar fascitis
o Hallux valgus
Conclusion
o It is the right time to take care of yourself.
o Invest time and money in keeping fit.
o Start now. It doesn’t take a lot, spend 20 mins a day doing stretching and exercise.
o Eat well and stay healthy.
o Works towards a better quality of life for yourself.
Contact Us
96 Owen Road
#01-02
Singapore 218908
Contact: 63977397 / 82237914
Website: www.markjoko.com
Email: [email protected]
