Keysight Technologies

Jianhua Wu Sr Project Manager

Understanding 5G New Radio Release 1516 Standards

22

bull Technology Overview amp Timelines

bull Carrier Aggregation amp Bandwidth Adaptation

bull Numerology amp Frame Structure

bull Waveforms amp Modulations

bull Protocol Structure Layers Signals amp Channels

bull Beams Beamforming amp Beam Management

bull Initial Access Procedure Example Call Flows

bull Network Architecture Deployment Options

bull New Features Coming in Rel-16

A G E N D A ndash 2 H O U R S E S S I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

33

Technology Overview

amp Timeline

44

B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S

URLLCeMBB

Mobile Broadband Access

Massive Machine Communication

Mission-CriticalMachine Communication

IoT

bull All data all the time

bull 2 billion people on

social media

bull 30 billion lsquothingsrsquo connected

bull Low cost low energy

bull Ultra-high reliability

bull Ultra-low latency

mMTC

Amazingly FastGreat Service in a

Crowd

Best Experience

Follows You

Ubiquitous Things

Communicating

Real-time amp Reliable

Communications

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

55

A L I G N E D W I T H I M T V I S I O N

bull IMT 2020 are still defining specs

bull IMT International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)

Rel-15

5G Phase 1

Rel-16

5G Phase 2

2018 2020

Rel-13Rel-12

LTE-A

2015

Rel-14

2016 2017

Phase 2 ndash mid 2020

bull Focus on mMTC and URLLC

bull Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G

potential (vehicular and multicast services)

bull ldquommWaverdquo 28 37 39 GHz channels and

unlicensed spectrum

Phase 1 ndash mid 2018

bull Focus on eMBB and low latency aspects

bull Minimized changes to core architecture

(LTE-EPC) ndash NSA operation initially

bull 5G RAT - focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo frequency

channels

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

22

bull Technology Overview amp Timelines

bull Carrier Aggregation amp Bandwidth Adaptation

bull Numerology amp Frame Structure

bull Waveforms amp Modulations

bull Protocol Structure Layers Signals amp Channels

bull Beams Beamforming amp Beam Management

bull Initial Access Procedure Example Call Flows

bull Network Architecture Deployment Options

bull New Features Coming in Rel-16

A G E N D A ndash 2 H O U R S E S S I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

33

Technology Overview

amp Timeline

44

B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S

URLLCeMBB

Mobile Broadband Access

Massive Machine Communication

Mission-CriticalMachine Communication

IoT

bull All data all the time

bull 2 billion people on

social media

bull 30 billion lsquothingsrsquo connected

bull Low cost low energy

bull Ultra-high reliability

bull Ultra-low latency

mMTC

Amazingly FastGreat Service in a

Crowd

Best Experience

Follows You

Ubiquitous Things

Communicating

Real-time amp Reliable

Communications

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

55

A L I G N E D W I T H I M T V I S I O N

bull IMT 2020 are still defining specs

bull IMT International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)

Rel-15

5G Phase 1

Rel-16

5G Phase 2

2018 2020

Rel-13Rel-12

LTE-A

2015

Rel-14

2016 2017

Phase 2 ndash mid 2020

bull Focus on mMTC and URLLC

bull Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G

potential (vehicular and multicast services)

bull ldquommWaverdquo 28 37 39 GHz channels and

unlicensed spectrum

Phase 1 ndash mid 2018

bull Focus on eMBB and low latency aspects

bull Minimized changes to core architecture

(LTE-EPC) ndash NSA operation initially

bull 5G RAT - focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo frequency

channels

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

33

Technology Overview

amp Timeline

44

B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S

URLLCeMBB

Mobile Broadband Access

Massive Machine Communication

Mission-CriticalMachine Communication

IoT

bull All data all the time

bull 2 billion people on

social media

bull 30 billion lsquothingsrsquo connected

bull Low cost low energy

bull Ultra-high reliability

bull Ultra-low latency

mMTC

Amazingly FastGreat Service in a

Crowd

Best Experience

Follows You

Ubiquitous Things

Communicating

Real-time amp Reliable

Communications

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

55

A L I G N E D W I T H I M T V I S I O N

bull IMT 2020 are still defining specs

bull IMT International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)

Rel-15

5G Phase 1

Rel-16

5G Phase 2

2018 2020

Rel-13Rel-12

LTE-A

2015

Rel-14

2016 2017

Phase 2 ndash mid 2020

bull Focus on mMTC and URLLC

bull Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G

potential (vehicular and multicast services)

bull ldquommWaverdquo 28 37 39 GHz channels and

unlicensed spectrum

Phase 1 ndash mid 2018

bull Focus on eMBB and low latency aspects

bull Minimized changes to core architecture

(LTE-EPC) ndash NSA operation initially

bull 5G RAT - focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo frequency

channels

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

44

B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S

URLLCeMBB

Mobile Broadband Access

Massive Machine Communication

Mission-CriticalMachine Communication

IoT

bull All data all the time

bull 2 billion people on

social media

bull 30 billion lsquothingsrsquo connected

bull Low cost low energy

bull Ultra-high reliability

bull Ultra-low latency

mMTC

Amazingly FastGreat Service in a

Crowd

Best Experience

Follows You

Ubiquitous Things

Communicating

Real-time amp Reliable

Communications

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

55

A L I G N E D W I T H I M T V I S I O N

bull IMT 2020 are still defining specs

bull IMT International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)

Rel-15

5G Phase 1

Rel-16

5G Phase 2

2018 2020

Rel-13Rel-12

LTE-A

2015

Rel-14

2016 2017

Phase 2 ndash mid 2020

bull Focus on mMTC and URLLC

bull Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G

potential (vehicular and multicast services)

bull ldquommWaverdquo 28 37 39 GHz channels and

unlicensed spectrum

Phase 1 ndash mid 2018

bull Focus on eMBB and low latency aspects

bull Minimized changes to core architecture

(LTE-EPC) ndash NSA operation initially

bull 5G RAT - focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo frequency

channels

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

55

A L I G N E D W I T H I M T V I S I O N

bull IMT 2020 are still defining specs

bull IMT International Mobile Telecommunications Initiative (by ITU)

Rel-15

5G Phase 1

Rel-16

5G Phase 2

2018 2020

Rel-13Rel-12

LTE-A

2015

Rel-14

2016 2017

Phase 2 ndash mid 2020

bull Focus on mMTC and URLLC

bull Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G

potential (vehicular and multicast services)

bull ldquommWaverdquo 28 37 39 GHz channels and

unlicensed spectrum

Phase 1 ndash mid 2018

bull Focus on eMBB and low latency aspects

bull Minimized changes to core architecture

(LTE-EPC) ndash NSA operation initially

bull 5G RAT - focus on ldquoconventionalrdquo frequency

channels

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

66

2018 Milestone

H2 VZ amp ATT launch

5G NR Fixed mmWave

2017 Milestone

Dec 3GPP to 2017 to accelerate NSA 5G NR (NSA R15 completed)

2017 Milestone

Q4 Verizon Pilots 5GTF 28 GHz Fixed Wireless in 11 cities

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20212020 2022

2018 Milestones

Jun 3GPP RAN Plenary SA

5G NR completed

2015 Milestones

Sept 3GPP 5G Workshop

Nov ITU WRC 15

Dec 3GPP RAN Plenary

K E Y M I L E S T O N E S A N D C A R D I N A L D AT E S

You are here

R15

Commercialization Announcements

bull Verizon Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull ATampT Fixed mmWave in 2018

bull T-Mobile Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull Sprint Sub-6 GHz 5G in 2019

bull KT 5G in 2019

bull DOCOMO 5G in 2020

bull China Mobile 5G in 2020

Rel 15 Rel-16 Rel-17 amp BeyondRel-15

bull Timelines more aggressive than in

previous generations

bull Scope and difficulty higher than in

previous generations

As of March 2019 with no scope

change

bull 3-month delay in Rel-16 and Late

Drop of Rel-15

R16

2019 Milestone

Nov ITU-WRC 19

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

77

bull 2 frequency ranges

bull FR1 (410 MHz ndash 7125 GHz)

bull Bands numbered from 1 to 255

bull No longer can be commonly referred to as sub-6 GHz

bull FR2 (24250 - 52600 GHz) rarr Soon to be extended to 11425 GHz

bull Bands numbered from 257 to 511

bull Commonly referred to as mmWave

bull Channel bandwidths up to 400 MHz for single component carrier

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

FR2 NR band SCS UE Channel bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

88

bull Scalability required for different use casesfrequency bands

bull Scalable numerology - sub-frame structure and component carrier bandwidth

bull Introduction of mini-slots for low latency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

FR1 Operation

FR2 Operation

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

0 15 kHz Normal 275 1

1 30 kHz Normal 275 2

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

Initial

Access Data

micro Δf = 2micromiddot15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

2 60 kHz Normal Extended 275 4

3 120 kHz Normal 275 8

4 240 kHz Normal 138 16

5 480 kHz Normal 69 32

DataInitial

Access

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

max micro

RBNsubframe micro

slotN

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

99

bull SCS 15 kHz2n

bull Frame 10 ms

bull Subframe Reference period of 1 ms

bull Slot (slot based scheduling)

bull 14 OFDM symbols or 12 with extended CP

bull One possible scheduling unit

bull Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing

bull Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)

bull 7 4 or 2 OFDM symbols can start immediately

bull Minimum scheduling unit

F R A M E S T R U C T U R E amp N U M E R O L O G Y

120 kHz

SLOT14 sym

250 micros

60 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

500 micros

30 kHz

SLOT14 symbols

1 ms

15 kHz

1 ms

SUBFRAME

SLO

T

14

s

125 micros

240 kHz S

LO

T

14

s

625 micros

Slot structure is flexible to provide for better

spectrum utilization

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1010

Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE of the current format (56 formats defined)

bull Downlink only (Slot Format 0 used in FDD)

bull Uplink only (Slot Format 1 Used in FDD)

bull Flexible Downlink and Uplink (static semi-static (RRC) or dynamically scheduled (DCI))

F D D A N D T D D S L O T S A N D A M I X O F

Mini-slot

(247 symbols)

ULDL symbols ULDL symbolsTDD at 28 GHz

UL

symbolsDL symbolsTDD at 3 GHz

Downlink symbols

Uplink symbolsFDD at 700 MHz

Not tied to the frame

structure

Examples

helliphellip

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1111

Downlink data

LTE ndash Fixed FDD or TDD operation

Uplink AckDownlink data

lt-------- 1 ms sub-frame --------gt

Control User Data Ack

5G NR ndash Self-contained Integrated Sub-frame

Downlink-centric SF

Control User Data Ack

Uplink-centric SF

bull Data is transmitted preceded by the grant for the acknowledgement the entire process is complete

within a single time transmission interval (TTI)

bull TTI = of symbols symbol length

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1212

bull 3D Beamforming antennas - MU-MIMO steerable on per UE basis massive MIMO

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

R

Tx Rx

Can be used to increase

Prx (limited)

Can be used to

increase Prx

Antenna A Antenna B

The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by

the Friis Transmission Formula

Propagation losses

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1313

Beamforming to

increase received

power and SNR

Transmit diversity for

improved qualityMIMO multi-layer

transmission for higher

data rates

Multi-user MIMO (UL)

more users per cell

Spatial multiplexing

more users per cell

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1414

N O A R B I T R A R Y D E C I S I O N ndash D R I V E N B Y P R O P E R T I E S O F C H A N N E L

FR1 FR2

Deployment

Scenario

Macro cells

High user mobility

Small cells

Low user mobility

MIMO Order Up to 8x8 Typically 2x2

Number of

Simultaneous

Users

Tens of users

Large coverage

area

A few users

Small coverage area

Main BenefitSpatial multiplexing

MU-MIMO

Beamforming for single

user

Channel

Characteristics

Rich multipath

propagation

A few propagation

paths

Spectral

Efficiency

High due to the

spatial multiplexing

Low spectral efficiency

(few users high path

loss)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1515

bull Layer 3 (OTA) based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency

bull Lower layers 5G NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates latency and efficiency

AT A G L A N C E ndash K E Y D I S T I N C T I V E F E AT U R E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1616

bull LTE coverage

bull Large existing network deployment

bull Wide coverage due to lower frequency range

bull 5G network

bull System deployment will take time

bull Range is more restricted in higher frequency bands

bull NSA - Dual Connectivity (DC) uses both systems for evolution

reliability and geographical coverage

bull Expectation slow and smooth transition into 5G

J U S T A N I N T R O M O R E D I S C U S S E D L AT E R

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1717

RAT NSA SA

Connection to both LTE and 5G

mandatory

Can work with 5G only (LTE not

necessary)

Control (Location Registration)

5G focused on U-Plane alone LTE

used for control including call

originationtermination location

registration etc

5G used for both U-Plane and C-

Plane

5G radio control parameters5G radio control parameters

exchanged through LTE functions

added to eNB

5G radio control parameters

exchanged through 5G

Paging Channels UE monitors paging channels on LTE UE monitors paging channels

on 5G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1818

S TA R T W I T H N S A

Rel-15 Early Drop (December 2017)

bull NR NSA ndash eNB as master node

bull 4G Core Network (EPC)

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

Rel-15 (June 2018)

bull 5G Core Network

bull Enhanced LTE (eLTE)

bull NR SA and NSA Combinations

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

1919

O P T I O N S 3 3 A 3 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with LTE Core (EPC)

bull Dual Connectivity with EPC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)

bull Master Node eNB (LTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

x2 interface No load-sharing PDCP split

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2020

O P T I O N S 7 7 A 7 X

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core (5GC)

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (NGEN-DC)

bull Master Node ng-eNB (eLTE) ndash eNB evolved (eLTE)

bull Secondary Node gNB (5G NR)

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2121

O P T I O N S 4 4 A

Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity with 5G Core

bull Dual Connectivity with NG-RAN NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)

bull Master Node gNB (5G NR)

bull Secondary Node ng-eNB (eLTE)

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2323

Carrier Aggregation amp

Bandwidth Adaptation

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2424

bull For FR1 100 MHz is the maximum channel

bandwidth specified

Channel Bandwidth

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

40 MHz

50 MHz

60 MHz

80 MHz

100 MHz

3GPP TS 38521-1 Table 61-1

NR Band SCS UE Channel Bandwidth

NR

Band

SCS

kHz50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz

n25760 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n25860 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

n26060 Yes Yes Yes NA

120 Yes Yes Yes Yes

3GPP TS 38521-2 Table 535-1

bull For FR2 50 100 200 and 400 MHz channel bandwidths are

specified

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2525

bull Maximum single-CC bandwidth is 400 MHz

bull Maximum number of CCs is 8

Single-Carrier Operation Multi-Carrier Operation

Freq

NW Channel BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y Freq

NW Channel

BW

UE

ca

teg

ory

ca

pa

bilit

y

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2626

bull Component Carriers may be in the same band and adjacent

bull Or they could be in the same band non-contiguous

bull Or in different bands

Band A ndash sub-6 GHz Band B ndash mmWave (28 GHz)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2727

bull RRC Connection and Registration only performed on Primary Component Carrier (PCC)

bull Control channels (PDCCH and PUCCH) on Primary CC

bull Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) on all component carriers

Downlink Uplink

PCCSCC SCC SCCPCC SCCSCC

PDCCH and PDSCHPDSCH

(optional PDCCH)PUCCH and PUSCH PUSCH

SCC

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2828

Both frequency region and time domain region of a coreset can be defined by RRC signaling

message (38331 v1510)

C O R E S E T 3 8 2 11 - 7 3 2 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Description

Resource

Element (RE)

Same as LTE the smallest unit of the resource grid is made up of one SC in frequency domain

and one OFDM symbol in time domain

Physical Resource

Block (PRB)12 subcarriers (same in every numerology)

Resource Element

Group (REG)One REG is made up of one PRB in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain

REG Bundles REG bundle = X REGs

Control Channel

Element (CCE)CCE = X REG bundles

Control Resource

Set (CORESET)

A CORESET is made up of multiple PRBs in frequency domain and 1 2 or 3 OFDM symbols in

time domain

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

2929

C O N T I G U O U S P H Y S I C A L R E S O U R C E B L O C K S ( P R B S )

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull An Initial Bandwidth Part is signaled by PBCH

bull It contains CORESET (Control Resource Set) and PDSCH

bull The bandwidth part may or may not contain (Beamforming) SSPBCH block

bull Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part

bull One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically

signaled to a UE

bull Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time

bull Other configuration parameters include

bull Numerology CP type subcarrier spacing

bull Frequency location the offset between BWP and a reference point within cell BW

bull Bandwidth size in terms of PRBs

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3030

BWP activationdeactivation

bull UE may be configured with up to 4 DL and 4 UL bandwidth parts

bull Activation by dedicated RRC signaling

bull Activationdeactivation by DCI with explicit indication

bull Activationdeactivation by a timer for a UE to switch its active DL BWP to a default BWP

B A N D W I D T H PA R T U S E C A S E S

Overall carrier

BWP

2 Supporting Reduced UE Energy Consumption

Overall carrier

BWP 1

BWP 2

3 Supporting Different NumerologiesOverall carrier

BWP 1

(num erology 1)

BWP 2

(num erology 2)

Overall carrier

BWP 1 BWP 2

Som ething com pletely unknown

Overall carrier

BWP

Som ething new and not yet defined

4 Supporting Non-contiguous Spectrum

5 Supporting Forward Compatibility

1 Supporting Reduced UE Bandwidth Capability

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3131

bull The UE may be configured with additional supplemental uplink

bull An additional lower frequency band UL carrier

bull Enhances data rate and deployment range in NSA mode

bull Improve performance at cell edge in SA mode

bull Supplemental uplink is different from carrier aggregation

because the UE may transmit on

bull The supplemental uplink OR

bull UL component carrier

(but not on both at the same time)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Operating

Band

Uplink (UL)

BS Receive UE Transmit

Downlink (DL)

BS Transmit UE Receive

Duplex

Mode

n80 1710 ndash 1785 MHz NA SUL

n81 880 ndash 915 MHz NA SUL

n82 832 ndash 862 MHz NA SUL

n83 703 ndash 748 MHz NA SUL

n84 1920 ndash 1980 MHz NA SUL

n86 1710 ndash 1780 MHz NA SUL

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3232

Waveforms amp Modulations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3333

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access (OFDMA)

bull Network selects coding scheme to

match instantaneous channel

conditions

bull Optimization of capacity with a

reasonable BLER

bull Reduction of latency but possibly

lower throughput rate (some

methods take longer to encode)

bull eMBB Traffic - Low Density Parity

Check (LDPC)

bull PBCH amp Control - Polar Code

bull Orthogonal Multiple Access

(OFDMA)

bull Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

(NOMA) not supported in Rel-15 but

being considered in Rel-16

bull Downlink CP-OFDM

bull Uplink CP-OFDM + DFT-s-OFDM

(Discrete Fourier Transform

spread OFDM)

bull CP-OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios

bull DFT-s-OFDM targeted at power limited scenarios

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Waveform Multiple Access amp Coding

Waveform Multiple Access Coding

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3434Keysight World 5G NR Standards

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

I

256 QAM - 8 bits per symbol

Q

I

0010 0100

π2-BPSK - 1 bit per symbol

0 1

Q

I

16-QAM - 4 bits per symbol

Q

I

0001 0011

0000 0010

64 QAM - 6 bits per symbol

Q

I

1-1

-11

-1-1

11

Q

QPSK - 2 bits per symbol

Modulation for

PDSCH

EVM

BPSK 30

QPSK 175

16 QAM 125

64 QAM 80

256 QAM 35

3GPP 38101- requirements for EVM

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3535

Beams Beamforming amp Beam

Management

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3636

The plan to introduce cellular services in frequency

bands gt6 GHz is driving an abrupt and

unprecedented change in how devices and systems

have to be designed operated and tested

bull To overcome these losses and provide a realistic link

budget it is necessary to use high gain antennas

comprised of multiple elements at both ends of the link

bull High gain antennas create narrow beam width signals

bull Radio propagation at mmWave is very different very

sparse and spatially dynamic unlike rich multipath with

Rayleigh fading

Question Is it better to have high gain or low gain antenna

The Friis propagation equation predicts

losses at mmWave frequencies

Path Loss ~ f 2

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3737

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3838

Tim e

P

S

S

P

B

C

H

S

S

S

P

B

C

H

SS Block

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

TRxP

DL

SS Block 1

DL

SS Block 2

DL

SS Block 3

DL

SS Block 4

UE

X P

UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4

P

Rx PSS SSS and PBCH PRACH Transm ission

Sam e Tx beam

direct ion as in

the DL Tx

beam

Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for

PRACH

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

3939

S Y N C H R O N I Z AT I O N R A N D O M A C C E S S A N D U E - S P E C I F I C B E A M F O R M I N G

Synchronization Signals

System Information

Basic information for all UEs

Beam-sweeping

transmission

Random Access PreambleSingle-beam

or Beam-

sweeping

Beam-sweeping

receptionRandom Access Response amp System

Information

Required only for UEs after random access

Beam-sweeping

transmission

UE-specific

selected beam

Data and control channelsUE-specific

beamforming

Wide Coverage

UE-Specific

Coverage

gNB UE

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4040

M O B I L I T Y A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F D I R E C T I O N A L A N T E N N A S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

New Radio mmWave Spatial Domain Optimization

Connected

High Gain

Tracking

Search

Acquisition

Tracking

Feedback

Refinement

Switch

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4141

bull Not having beam refinement is

like having a race car with no

steering wheel

bull It could be pointed in one

direction at the race start

bull But a mobile environment looks

more like Monte Carlo and at

each corner the car without a

steering wheel would crash

T H E I M P O R TA N C E O F S T E E R I N G

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4242

A set of L1L2 procedures to acquire and maintain a set of TRxP(s) andor UE

beams that can be used for DL and UL transmissionreception which include at least

the following aspects

bull Beam sweeping operation of covering a spatial area with beams transmitted andor received

during a time interval in a predetermined way

bull Beam determination for TRxP(s) or UE to select its own TxRx beam(s)

bull Beam measurement for TRxP(s) or UE to measure characteristics of received beamformed

signals

bull Beam reporting for UE to report information of beamformed signal(s) based on beam

measurement

bull Beam refinement (in connected state only)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4343

bull The network and device will use beamforming

antennas (maybe as low as 12 degrees)

bull Narrow beams increase the received power

(Signal-to-Noise) level

bull Beams to different UEs can re-use the same

time and frequency resources

bull All common and dedicated channels are

transmitted (and received) over beams

bull Beams are bilateral for (t f (xyz)) ndash TDD

operation only

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4444

bull mmWave has great potential (spectrum)

bull mmWave signals do not bend around corners (diffract) and are easily blocked or attenuated

bull mmWave signals do bounce (reflect) readily giving rise to local scattering (multipath)

bull mmWave signals act more like light rays so can be directed using special antennas

bull Path loss through the air is much greater at mmWave than at LTE bands

bull Changing from 1 GHz to 28 GHz path loss increases by 28 dB over 1 m

Cables are lossy and expensive galvanic connectors may not

be exposedavailable 3GPP requires FR2 tests to be radiated

Therefore testing will be mostly performed over the air

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4545

New Features Coming in Rel-16

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4646Keysight World 5G NR Standards

bull Work Items (WI)

bull NR-U (Unlicensed Spectrum)

bull 2-Step RACH

bull C-V2X (Vehicle to Vehicle Infrastructure or

Pedestrian) ndash Newly Added WI

bull Enhancements for NR URLLC (Ultra Reliable Low

Latency Communications) - Newly Added WI

bull Study Items (SI)

bull NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access)

J U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S IJ U S T A S E L E C T I O N O F W I A N D S I

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4747

bull Both FR1 and FR2 are considered

bull Additional functionality needed (beyond existing specifications

for licensed spectrum) in the following deployment scenarios

N R - U ( W I ) S C E N A R I O S

Scenario Description

A Carrier aggregation between licensed band NR

(PCell) and NR-U (SCell)

B Dual connectivity between licensed band LTE

(PCell) and NR-U (PSCell)

C Stand-alone NR-U

D A stand-alone NR cell in unlicensed band and UL

in licensed band

E Dual connectivity between licensed band NR and

NR-U

Scenario A Example

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4848

bull LBT - Listen before Talk

bull Mechanism for which an equipment applies CCA before using the channel

bull CCA - Clear Channel Assessment

bull Evaluation of presenceabsence of other signals

bull Channel access cannot be done in bandwidths larger than 20 MHz due to regulatory constraints

bull Activatetransmit the whole or part of a BWP(s) depending on the outcome of LBT procedure

bull Subcarrier spacing for control and data channels supporting 15 kHz 30 kHz and 60 kHz

bull NR-U Discovery Reference Signal (DRS)

bull Possible extension of PRACH PUCCH and PUSCH format(s) to support NR-U operation

N R - U ( W I ) P H Y S I C A L L AY E R A S P E C T S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

4949

bull This simplified RACH procedure reduces RACH overhead and access delaylatency

bull A new msgA consists of

bull Preamble

bull Data

bull UE sends msgA via an enhanced physical random access channel (PRACH)

bull msgA includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg1 and msg3

bull In response to the UE request network sends msgB using PDCCH and PDSCH

bull Message includes both 4-step RACH procedure msg2 and msg4

2 - S T E P R A C H ( W I ) M E S S A G E S A A N D B

CP RACH Preamble CP RACH Message GPmsgA (preamble+data)

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5050

bull NOMA is mainly aimed to be used in UL

bull Attractive feature for mMTC applications improves system load capability

bull The most significant gain of NOMA over MU-MIMO can be achieved in the following scenarios

bull Contention-based grant-free transmission

bull Small data transmission from RRC_INACTIVE state

bull Both grant-based and grant-free NOMA to be studied

bull Grant-based NOMA is supported at least for eMBB scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA is supported at least for mMTC scenario

bull Grant-free NOMA can be considered for eMBB scenario

N O M A ( S I ) N O N O M A W I F O R R E L - 1 6 W I L L B E D E F I N E D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5151

bull Software Update

bull Real-Time Situational Awareness amp High-Definition Map

bull Vulnerable Road User (VRU)

bull Platooning

bull Cooperative Maneuvers of Autonomous Vehicles for

Emergency Situations

bull Remote Automated Driving Cancellation (RADC)

bull Automated Intersection Crossing

bull Autonomous Vehicles Parking by Remote Driving

bull High Definition Sensor Sharing

V 2 X U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5252

bull The access link (ie DLUL) is used for communication

between gNB and UEs

bull The sidelink is used for communication between UEs

bull This is the link used for V2X in LTE and NR

bull NR V2X will support unicast groupcast and broadcast

bull For unicast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull For groupcast HARQ feedback and HARQ combining are

supported

bull NR V2X is expected to work in licensed amp unlicensed bands

bull NR-V2X sidelink should be able to operate

bull Out of coverage

bull Partial coverage

bull In-coverage

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K

Access Link

Sidelink

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

53

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) B R O A D C A S T G R O U P C A S T A N D U N I C A S T D E F I N I T I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-TNode-R

Data

DCI-R (U-RNTI)

Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (G-RNTI)

Node-R(s) Node-S

Local Manager

Node-T

Data

DCI-R (B-RNTI)

Node-R(s)

bull Node-S can be gNBeNB or another vehicle

bull Function of Node-S is to coordinate the resource usage within a local area

Three Parties

Communication Diagram

Unicast Groupcast Broadcast

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5454

V 2 X ( S IrarrW I ) S I D E L I N K P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

V1

V4

V2

V3

V5

V6

V8

V7

Packet 1

Packet 2

bull The following channels are at least defined for NR V2Xbull PSSCH

bull PSCCH (at least carries information necessary to decode PSSCH)

bull PSFCH (contains sidelink feedback control information transport

channel (SFCI))

bull NR V2X sidelink synchronization includes at least the followingbull S-SSB NR SSB structure as the starting point

bull Sidelink PSS and SSS (S-PSS and S-SSS)

bull PSBCH

bull Periodic transmission of S-SSB is supportedbull Sidelink SSB should be designed to be distinguishable from NR SSB

bull Different frequency position and different relative time positions

bull Half-Duplex restrictionbull Once UE is in the transmission mode it is not able to receive

bull This could significantly reduce the packet reception ratio (PRR)

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5555

bull In Rel-15 the basic support for URLLC was introduced with

bull TTI structures for low latency

bull Methods for improved reliability

bull Rel-15 enabled use case improvements

bull Such as ARVR (ie entertainment industry)

bull FR1 and FR2 TDD and FDD are eligible for enhancements to NR URLLC

bull The study item in Rel-16 is focusing on the following items

bull Higher reliability and higher availability

bull Time synchronization

bull Short latency ~ 05 to 1 ms

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) J U S T I F I C AT I O N

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5656

Use Case Reliability Latency of UEs

(per cell)Traffic Model Description

Transport Industry 99999 5 ms 30 Periodic Remote driving

Power Distribution

999999 5 ms 8 80 bytes

Power distribution

Grid fault

Outage management

99999 15 ms 8250 bytes

PeriodicDifferential protection

Factory automation 999999 2 ms 4020 bytes

PeriodicMotion control

Rel-15 use case

(eg ARVR)99999 1 ms 20 256 bytes ARVR

E N H A N C E M E N T S F O R N R U R L L C ( S IrarrW I ) N E W U S E C A S E S

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5757

bull Standards will continue to evolve through

Rel-16 and beyond your test solutions

need to be flexible and scalable

bull Higher frequencies wider channel

bandwidths and dual connectivity

increase the number of test cases and

test complexity

bull mmWave and MIMO introduce new OTA

test requirements for 5G NR devices and

base stations

bull New initial access and control procedures

will require more testing

U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E R O A D A H E A D

Keysight World 5G NR Standards

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

58Keysight World 5G NR Standards

Digital Conformance Test

Physical Layer Design and Test Solutions

5G Signaling Validation Test

5G Network Test

System-Level Simulation Component Characterization

RF and mmWave OTA TestParametric Signal Test Manufacturing Test Automation

Radio Signaling Test5G NR Protocol Validation

Drive Test and Analytics UE Emulation amp Load Test Network Simulation amp Test

5G NR Conformance Test

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations

5959

bull 3GPP Webpage www3gpporg

bull Keysight Solutions wwwkeysightcomfind5G

bull Testing 5G NR Device OTA Throughput

Download Application Note

bull Copy of these slides

wwwkeysightcomfind5GBootCampPresentations