Understanding APA

Understanding APA

Conceived by:

Gina Robinson, MSN

Designed by:

Terry Hudson, MA, MDiv

Understanding APA 1

Understanding APA

Student’s Name

Trinity International University Eng111e

Instructor’s Name, Degrees

Date

Understanding APA 1

Understanding APA

Student’s Name

Trinity International University Eng111e

Instructor’s Name, Degrees

Date

TITLE PAGE

1” Margins

Header: First 2-3 Words of Title & Page Number, Upper Right

Type: Times New Roman or Courier, 12 pt.Double Spaced

No All-Caps. Use Upper and Lower Case Centered

No Bold

Use Italics Sparingly

Understanding APA 2

Abstract

The abstract is a brief, comprehensive

summary of the contents of the paper, should

not exceed 120 words.

Understanding APA 2

Abstract

The abstract is a brief, comprehensive

summary of the contents of the paper, should

not exceed 120 words.

ABSTRACT PAGE

Not indented.

Write in 3rd Person –

“This student…”

“This writer…”

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

(The above are samples of In-Text citations.)

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

(The above are samples of In-Text citations.)

TEXT PAGE

Exact Title Repeated From Title Page

Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces

Citations

In-Text Citations

Format is Last Name, Date, Page or Paragraph in parentheses. Period follows parentheses.Page is p., Multiple Pages are pp. In event of On-Line source, paragraph is designated by the symbol ¶ or para. – (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

Multiple authors are connected by “and” – (Smith, Jones, and White, 2007, p. 1). Subsequent references use “et al.” – (Smith, et al., p. 2).

Personal Communications have author’s full name and date – (Joyce F. Smith, personal communication, July 4, 2007).

Quotations longer than 40 words are block indented 5 spaces from left, left justified only, double spaced, without quotation marks. The last period is before the citation –

Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of

their country. Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. (Smith, 2006, p. 1)

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

TEXT PAGE

Exact Title Repeated

Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces

Citations

Biblical Citations

Biblical Citations

Biblical references that are in the text are spelled out – Romans 1:12.

Biblical references in parentheses appear with standard 3 or 4 letter abbreviations – (Rom. 1:12). Year date is not given with in-text citation, but is given on the References page.

General comments using Biblical references do not require that the translation be identified, but if a quotation is made the translation should be indicated. Identify in the first citation in the text the version you used, such as (NIV).

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

TEXT PAGE

Exact Title Repeated

Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces

Citations

Biblical Citations

Sub-Headings

Sub-Headings

1st Order – Centered, Upper and Lower Case Letters, Regular Type (Usually all that are needed in short papers)

2nd Order – Left Justified, Upper and Lower Case Letters, Italics

3rd Order – Left Indented, Upper and Lower Case Letters, Italics, ending with period, Text follows on same line--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Understanding APA (Title Repeated 1st Page Only)

The Problem (1st Order Sub-Heading)

Causes (2nd Order Sub-Heading)

Individual Causes. Blah…Blah… (3rd Order Sub-Heading with text immediately following)

Institutional Causes. Blah…Blah…(3rd Order Sub-Heading with text immediately following)

Effects (2nd Order Sub-Heading)

The Solution (1st Order Sub-Heading)

Etc.

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

Understanding APA 3

Understanding APA

“Now is the time for all good men to come to

the aid of their country” (Smith, 2006, p. 1).

or

According to Smith (2006), “Now is the time for

all good men to come to the aid of their country”

(p.1).

TEXT PAGE

Exact Title Repeated

Paragraphs Indented 5 Spaces

Citations

Biblical Citations

Sub-Headings

Seriation (Series)

Seriation (Series)

Identify elements by a letter within a paragraph or sentence, or by a number at the start of each paragraph in a series.

Within a paragraph or sentence, identify elements in a series by lowercase letters (not italicized) in parentheses.

Separate paragraphs in a series are identified by an arabic numeral followed by a period, but are not enclosed in or followed by parentheses.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The participant’s three choices were (a) working with another participant, (b) working with a team, and (c) working alone.

The participants had the following three choices:1. Working with another participant…2. Working with a team…3. Working alone…

Understanding APA 4

References

Jones, D.A. (2007). Learning to write. St. Louis,

MO: Mosby.

Smith, G., Davis, E., & Jones, O. (2006). Quality

sleep is key to faculty success: Time for a

change. Journal of Education, 2 (10), 3-10.

Taylor, O.K. (n.d.). How to use writing skills in

life. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from

http://www.blahblah

Understanding APA 4

References

Jones, D.A. (2007). Learning to write. St. Louis,

MO: Mosby.

Smith, G., Davis, E., & Jones, O. (2006). Quality

sleep is key to faculty success: Time for a

change. Journal of Education, 2 (10), 3-10.

Taylor, O.K. (n.d.). How to use writing skills in

life. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from

http://www.blahblah

REFERENCES PAGE

Double Spaced with Hanging Indent

Alphabetical Order by Author

Authors are Designated by Last Name and Initials

Multiple Authors Connected by &

References

For Dates, Month & Day Follow Year – (2007, July 4). No Date is Designated – (n.d.).

In Titles of Books or Journal Articles, First Word and Proper Names Only are Capitalized.

Names of Books and Journals (Including Volume) are in Italics.

States use 2 Letter Postal Abbreviations. The Following Cities Only can be Listed Without a State Abbreviation: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco.

On-Line Sources are Designated – Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http//www.blahblah

If Necessary, Break On-Line Citations After / or Before Period.

For Electronic Sources, [Electronic version] Follows Title.

Reference

American Psychological Association.

(2007). Publication manual of the

American Psychological Association

(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Reference

American Psychological Association.

(2007). Publication manual of the

American Psychological Association

(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.