UNCLASSIFIED C Coy 2 VP 1 Colonel Trey Turner and Major Jay Adair 16 Oct 2009 Deadly Persistence Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Kandahar

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED C Coy 2 VPC Coy 2 VP 1

Colonel Trey Turner and Major Jay Adair16 Oct 2009

Deadly PersistenceDeadly PersistenceIntegrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in

KandaharKandahar

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• To provide an overview of the integration of UAVs and ground forces in Kandahar province during 2008

AimAim

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• The Operating Environment• The 2 PPCLI Battle Group• Integrating UAVs into the Joint

Tactical Fight

AgendaAgenda

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• This brief deals with the employment of UAVs, not necessarily “striking” with PGMs from UAVs

• We operated in a “UAV Laboratory” and the lessons learned are applicable across the spectrum

• The key to the employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is the “man”

• Optimal employment of UAVs demands a nuanced understanding of the environment gained only through interaction with the population on the ground

• UAVs and the potential of UAVs influence the manner in which the enemy fights

Bottom Line Up FrontBottom Line Up Front

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“It's not necessarily the strong enemy, it's the very weak institutions of the state... in that

weakness, you have Taliban influence able to move in there, and through coercion of the

people, assert that influence.”LTG Eikenberry – 10 May 2006

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Uzbekistan

RC Capital

Tajikistan

China

PANJSHER

WARDAKBAMIAN

GHAZNI

PAKTIKA

PAKTIA

NANGARHAR

KONAR

BAGHLAN

BADAKHSHATAKHAR

KONDUZ

SAR-E POLFARYAB

BADGHIS

HERAT

GHOWR

FARAH

HELMAND

ZABOL

KANDAHARNIMRUZ

LOW

GARDAIKONDI

ORUZGAN

Kabul

BALKHJOWZJAN

NURESTAN

SAMANGAN

KHOST

PARWAN

LAGHMAN

Turkmenistan

RC West

RC South RC East

Pakistan

41 Nations Total 41 Nations Total 58,932 58,932Top Contributors:Top Contributors:US US 25,300 25,300UK UK 8,600 8,600Germany Germany 3,600 3,600 Canada Canada 3,400 3,400 Italy Italy 2,900 2,900France France 2,700 2,700NetherlandsNetherlands 2,000 2,000Poland Poland 1,700 1,700

41 Nations Total 41 Nations Total 58,932 58,932Top Contributors:Top Contributors:US US 25,300 25,300UK UK 8,600 8,600Germany Germany 3,600 3,600 Canada Canada 3,400 3,400 Italy Italy 2,900 2,900France France 2,700 2,700NetherlandsNetherlands 2,000 2,000Poland Poland 1,700 1,700

NATO/ISAF and OEF Mandates

NATO/ISAF and OEF Mandates USFOR-

A:13,717

USFOR-A:13,717

RC North

Iran

KAIA

KAF

L

As of: 13 Feb 09

6

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Security Summary Security Summary 20082008

Baluchi Area

NWFP

FATA2

1

3

Major INSURGENTLines of Operation

Kinetic Event Density

Increasing• 24% Afghans perceive

improvement, 19% perceive worsening (Sep 08 poll)

• 70% of kinetic events continue to occur in 10% of the districts

• 33% increase in Kinetic Events

• IED events up 27%....single largest cause of casualties

• ISAF/OEF Deaths: up 35%

• Civilian Deaths: up 40% - 46%*

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.. ..

KAF

20 kmKANDAHAR

Kandahar

KAF

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TYPICAL PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY TOPOGRAPHY

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PANJAWYI AND ZHAREY – FROM THE GROUND

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Operational ContextOperational Context

OffenseOffense

DefenseDefenseStabilityStabilityStabilityStability

DefenseDefense

StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense

DefenseDefense

StabilityStabilityStabilityStabilityOffenseOffense

StabilityStabilityStabilityStability

OffenseOffense

DefenseDefense

FULL SPECTRUM OPERATIONS

OPERATIONAL THEMES

2008

2008

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The Kandahar The Kandahar BattlespaceBattlespace

Ideologically motivated Taliban

Sociologically motivated

mujahideen

Tribal MilitiasPOPULATION

ISAF

ANP, ABP,AHP

ANA

Narco-militia

GIRoA

PopulationPopulation

BG operated in permissive, semi-permissive, non-permissive urban and rural terrain!From TFH Briefing Apr 08

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The 2 PPCLI Battle GroupThe 2 PPCLI Battle Group

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Battle Group Battle Group OrganizationOrganization

E(+)(-)

JDCC OMLTPOMLT

ATTACHMENTS The BG Team

• 848 Regular Force Soldiers

• 174 Reserve Force Soldiers

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• The Battle Group role is to SHAPE the battlespace through lethal and non-lethal action in order to set the security conditions that ENABLE successful ANSF action, development and governance initiatives within the AO – The BG “buys time” to allow Afghans to

take control

Battle Group RoleBattle Group Role

So What? – Protect the Population, Enable other Organizations So What? – Protect the Population, Enable other Organizations

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• Fight in a manner that will allow the war to be won– BG role extends far beyond neutralizing

insurgents• Influence Afghans

– Convince neutrals to support GIROA» Protect/Isolate from the insurgency and its effects

– Retain support of those who already support GIROA» Protect from the insurgency and its effects

– Mentor and facilitate the mentorship of all elements of the GIROA

– Convince insurgents supporters to support GIROA» Hunt and Kill those who need to be killed

Battle Group Role – Layman’s Battle Group Role – Layman’s TermsTerms

NO

BETTER FRIEND

NO

BETTER FRIEND

NO

WORST ENEMY

NO

WORST ENEMY

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• We must focus on the word succeed instead of win in this campaign– Success is tied to the will of the Afghan

people

Battle Group Role – Battle Group Role – SucceedingSucceeding

versus Winningversus Winning

Succeed – “to make good, thrive prosper, or progress in order to accomplish a favourable aim or outcome”

Win – “to acquire, be victorious or triumph as a result of a fight”

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Effects Created by Effects Created by the BGthe BG

Weeks

Months/Years

Years

SE

CU

RIT

Y A

ND

S

TA

BIL

ITY

(M

E)

FA

CIL

ITA

TE

D

EV

EL

OP

ME

NT

Battle Group

Provincial Reconstruction Team

Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team

BU

ILD

AN

SF

C

AP

AC

ITY

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The Carrot and Stick The Carrot and Stick ApproachApproach

Government Supporters

Government Sympathizers

Neutral Population

Insurgent Sympathizers

Insurgent Supporters

Insurgent Fighters

Consolidate and Strengthen

Protect Persuade Dissuade Deter Marginalize and Defeat

FRIENDLY HOSTILE

Exploit fault lines and break AlliancesExploit fault lines and break Alliances

Part of the SolutionPart of the Solution Part of the ProblemPart of the Problem

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COIN as an ArgumentCOIN as an Argument

TALK FIGHT TALK

A Fight – Talk PropositionA Fight – Talk Proposition

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How the BG OperatedHow the BG Operated

ACCENTUATE POSITIVESACCENTUATE POSITIVES

MITIGATE NEGATIVESMITIGATE NEGATIVES

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N O

PE

RA

TIO

NS

PRIMARY ACTIVITIES PHYSICAL OUTPUT EFFECTS OUTPUT

(messages to TA)

FRAMEWORK

OPS

TARGETING

DELIBERATE OPS

Responsive, visible, combined force

Precision collection – Understand the Environment – Find the enemy

Combined Deliberate Ops – Fix and Finish

We are here to protect you (the population) with ANSF on behalf of the GIROA.

We see what goes on in the battlespace and will kill those who fight against the GIROA.

We (the ANSF and ISAF) are stronger than the insurgency and will ultimately prevail.

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The Kandahar Battlespace – A Vicious The Kandahar Battlespace – A Vicious CycleCycle

CF focus resources and establish presence in certain area.

CF presence attracts insurgents who carry out attacks against CF.

Population avoids contact with CF but remain susceptible to insurgent influence.

Population moves from area to avoid the coercion from the insurgents and conflict between CF and insurgents. CF increase force protection – increase distance from population.

1

2

3

4

How do we break the cycle?How do we break the cycle?

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Focusing Effort – The Stability Focusing Effort – The Stability Box ConceptBox Concept

KEY

DISRUPT

HOLD

BUILD

BUILD AREASelected where there is support for CF and this support will have disproportionate influence in surrounding area. PRT main effort. Permanently presence. Must protect population 24/7. No kinetic ops in here without PRT authorization.

BUILD AREASelected where there is support for CF and this support will have disproportionate influence in surrounding area. PRT main effort. Permanently presence. Must protect population 24/7. No kinetic ops in here without PRT authorization.

1

HOLD AREAOMLT main effort. Mission is to protect Stab Box from direct insurgent influence. No development occurs in this area. Focused IO efforts on elders and leaders to gain consent. Criteria for development needs to be established to be eligible for PRT benefits. Once criteria met, BUILD AREA expands into this area.

HOLD AREAOMLT main effort. Mission is to protect Stab Box from direct insurgent influence. No development occurs in this area. Focused IO efforts on elders and leaders to gain consent. Criteria for development needs to be established to be eligible for PRT benefits. Once criteria met, BUILD AREA expands into this area.

2

DISRUPTION AREARemainder of AOR. Focus of BG and SOF activity. Aim to disrupt insurgents and degrade their ability to influence in other areas of the Stab Box.

DISRUPTION AREARemainder of AOR. Focus of BG and SOF activity. Aim to disrupt insurgents and degrade their ability to influence in other areas of the Stab Box.

3

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The key to success…

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UAVs in COINUAVs in COIN

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One Man’s VisionOne Man’s Vision

“We have just won a war with a lot of heroes flying around in planes. The next war may be fought by airplanes with no men in them at all. It certainly will be fought with planes so far superior to those we have now that there will be no basis for comparison. Take everything you’ve learned about aviation in war, throw it out of the window, and let’s go to work on tomorrow’s aviation. It will be different from anything the world has ever seen.”

Gen Hap Arnold, USAAFVJ Day, 1945

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“Air power contains the seeds of our own destruction if we do not use it responsibly, we can lose this fight.”

General Stan McChrystal COMISAF

16 June 2009

Airpower in COINAirpower in COIN

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Another Man’s VisionAnother Man’s Vision

“We pray to Allah we have American soldiers to kill… but added these bombs from the sky we cannot fight”

Taliban Fighter

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Spectrum of UAV EmploymentSpectrum of UAV Employment

• IPB• Target acquisition• Reconnaissance

• CAS– FMV Support– Air Strike

Coordination– Direct fire support– Dynamic targeting

(hunter-killer)

ISRISR StrikeStrike

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everything everything looks looks

like a naillike a nail

If all you If all you have is a have is a hammer, hammer,

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The TeamThe Team

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Keys to Successful Keys to Successful IntegrationIntegration

• Developing and Maintaining key relationships– Intelligence cells communicating– Pilots speaking to pilots– Debriefing is the norm

• Understanding the capabilities of the UAV• Controlling the asset at the appropriate

headquarters– Controlled at the HQ that can shorten the kill chain the

most• Common operating picture• Unity of command

• Ensuring JTACs and an S2 representative were on duty in the BG TOC– Tracking and striking targets requires patience – the

UAV is only as persistent as those operating it

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The Power to Decide – The Power to Decide – The Certainty to ActThe Certainty to Act

TACP ISR O S2 Ops

Battle CaptS3

Recommendation to Commander – Strike/No Strike

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• Synchronizing ground and air manoeuvre– Battlefield organization – tactical “deep fight”– Ground manoeuvre creates a reaction from the

insurgents– Armed UAVs unnerve the enemy and force them to

make mistakes• Establishing procedural controls that

shortened engagement times• Establishing common sight picture on

the application of ROE• Accepting the Positive Identification

(PID) of the enemy reflects the enemy’s adaptive nature and evolves

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• Employing an effective targeting methodology– Determines the most important “things we do

everyday”• Counterinsurgency Triage

– Those who cannot be influenced– Those who support us– Those who can be influenced

• Answers the question: “Where can we have the greatest impact”?

– What are intended effects?

»How do we achieve those effects?• Does not replace detailed operational planning

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• Employing an effective targeting methodology– Focus on MVTs (people) as the centre of mass– Method – complete a series of targeting cycles

• F3EAD– Find – cross-cueing of all sensors– Fix – the “unblinking eye” – Finish – strike – Exploit – face to face cross-talk– Analyze – face to face cross-talk – shared

analysis– Disseminate – info sharing and process

refinement

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Targeting FrameworkTargeting Framework

Find

Exploit

Finish

Analyze

Fix

Disseminate

(Example)(Example)

TargetingTargetingCycleCycle

AAR facilitates adaptationIntelligence Pursuit

Lethal/Non-lethal

Physical/Moral FixTargeting Cycle

initiated by “FIND”

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The TeamThe Team

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A long road…A long road…

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Doing the Right Thing…Doing the Right Thing…Amidst ChaosAmidst Chaos

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QuestionsQuestions

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• Colonel Trey Turner– [email protected]

• Major Jay Adair – [email protected]

Contact InformationContact Information

Documents

UNCLASSIFIED C Coy 2 VP 1 Colonel Trey Turner and Major Jay Adair 16 Oct 2009 Deadly Persistence Integrating Armed UAV’s and Ground Forces in Kandahar