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UNCCD
Large monitoring Programs
Dr. Fred Stolle 1
Conclusion
• Characteristics of Good monitoring system
• It is not the data (satellite) but what you do with it– Access and usability (client oriented)– Data information action
2
Long Term Monitoring
• United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – Forest Resources Assessment (FRA)
• Since 1948
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4
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FRA
Long term data- National verified- Many different data collected
- Draw back• National data –national definition – national
collection system Comparability ?• 5-years repeat cycle Action ?
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Satellite observations
• Forest is remote• Forest is fast
• Expensive and time consuming to monitor from the ground
• Satellites large overview, quick , cheap (ish)(not all characteristics that can be observed form the ground can be monitored from satellite)
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Brazil
• PRODES satellite monitoring for legal amazon since 1988
• Uses landsat and CBERs 20-30 m range
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India
• National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) of the Department of Space started using satellite data in 1983 in cooperation with Forest Survey of India (FSI) to do a forest assessment
• First report on the forest cover of India was published by the FSI in 1987 through State of Forest Report (SFR)
• FSI has been mandated to monitor the forest cover of the country on a two year cycle since then
9
Photo: REUTERS / Nacho Doce
Forest data challenges
Not reliable
Not up-to-date
Dispersed
Expensive
Very technical
Not interactive
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Visualize
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Tree-Cover Change (Total 2000-2012: 1.1 million ha)
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20120
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
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Provinces Annual Change
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
2,0004,0006,000
BÂNTÉAY_MÉANCHEY
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20,00040,00060,000
BATDÂMBÂNG
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
5,00010,00015,000
KÂMPÓNG_CHAM
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
2,0004,0006,0008,000
10,000
KÂMPÓNG_SPŒ
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
500
1,000
1,500
KÂMPÓNG_CHHNANG
200020022004200620082010201220140
10,00020,00030,00040,000
KÂMPÓNG_THUM
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
2,000
4,000
6,000
KÂMPÔT
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
200
400
600
KÂNDAL
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
5,00010,00015,000
KAÔH_KONG
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20,00040,00060,000
KRÂCHÉH
200020022004200620082010201220140
5,000
10,000
KRONG_PAILIN
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
2,000
4,000
KRONG_PREAH_SIHANOUK
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However
• No clear client – good for planners ?
• Can not observe forest (every country defines forest in their own way)
• Good in detecting loss not gain
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Corporate Commitments
November 2011
December 2013
Jan-Feb 2014
March-April 2014
May-Sept. 2014
Climate and Land Use Alliance, Cascade of Corporate Commitments to Zero-Deforestation Palm Oil (Sept., 2014) 24
Photo: CIFOR 25
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However
• Does have clear client
• Can not get the detail companies need
• Good in detecting loss not gain
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Collect Earth high-res imagery in Google Earth
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However
• Does have clear purpose
• Can get the detail investors need
• Good in detecting loss AND gain
• Not automatic
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Future possibilities
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SPOT
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Sentinel• Sentinel-1 (1A&1B) C-band interferometric radar mission is an all-weather,
day-and-night radar imaging
• Sentinel-2 (2A&2B) is a high-resolution optical imaging mission for land services
• Sentinel-3 (3A&3B) is for a global ocean and land monitoring mission which includes an altimetry instrument package. It provides data from the visible to thermal infrared at medium (e.g. 250 m) to low (e.g. 1000 m) spatial resolution for ocean colour, sea surface temperature and global land mapping.
• The ESA Ministerial Council in 2011 will decide on the two other Sentinel missions:– Sentinel-4 - a GEO atmosphere monitoring based on Meteosat Third
Generation, – Sentinel-5 - a LEO atmosphere monitoring based on post-EUMETSAT Polar
System32
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RapidEye
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RapidEye
• One of the new satellite that can do monitoring
• 5 m resolution
• Can cover large areas35
Digital Globe
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Planet labs
In January 2014, we delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, we have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day.
• In January 2014, delivered Flock 1, the world’s largest constellation of Earth-imaging satellites, made up of 28 Doves. Together with subsequent launches, have launched 71 Doves, toward imaging the entire Earth, every day.
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Skybox video -google
• SKybox Imaging was founded on the premise that an ability to better understand these phenomena could fundamentally change the way humanity makes decisions on a daily basis
• “Earth Observation 2.0, where satellites are simply sensors and the magic is in harnessing scalable computing and unbounded analytics to find answers to the world’s most important geospatial problems regardless of data source.
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Drones
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Drone
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Urthecast• Strips of imagery 40km wide• UrtheCast’s 5-metre resolution camera will capture any
location that the ISS passes over, generating large strips of 40km-wide imagery, 365 days a year.
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Conclusion• Few long term monitoring programs each with its pros and cons
• Soon Very high resolution. Great for high value mapping but Not systematic and expensive
• Access and usability– What are the needs– To be useful combine biophysical with social
• Mapping: ad hoc or systematic vs Monitoring: systematic
• Dynamic vs static, spatial vs tables
• Data information action44
Monitoring needs to make a quick and radical transformation to be useful and used by real world actors
– Monitoring what the “client” needs which is often more then just biophysical.
– Monitoring should be cost efficient (compare cost to benefits)
– Monitoring in right detail and temporal frequency
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1
Is this a forest ?