UN stabilisation mission in haiti

8/19/2019 UN stabilisation mission in haiti

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Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University

PUBLIC

INTERNATIONAL LAWIUN !TABILI!ATION MI!!ION IN "AITI

(#INAL DRA#T$

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. A.P. !in%h !&mit 'ehlot

Associate Professor Roll No: 145

Legal Studies B.A. LL.B.(Hos.! "# semester

$r. R%L Natioal La& 'iersity Sectio B



TABLE OF CONTENTS

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BAC('ROUND

" 6774 Haiti &as a coutry i c8aos. it8 t8e 69577 strog Haitia Natioal Policeforce (HNP! i disarray ad t8e coutry uder t8e gri of armed gags9 ublic safety 8ad

eroded comletely. "tese olitical rialry ; ofte deolig ito iolece ; furt8er

udermied bot8 citi<e safety ad ecoomic &ellbeig. "t &as facig cosiderable

istability deriig from a otet amalgam of factors9 icludig dee oerty9 social

ulerability9 food isecurity9 eirometal degradatio9 H"#=A"$S9 drug traffic>ig9

orgai<ed crime9 ad istitutioal &ea>esses of t8e Haitia goermet. 08e 'ited

Natios Stabili<atio %issio i Haiti (%"N'S0AH! by Security )oucil resolutio

1546 ? a '.N. Peace>eeig %issios ; &as deloymet to roide immediate security9

follo&ed by efforts to 8el create legitimate olitical rocess ad to suort electios9

&it8 a ie& i mid of &or>ig &it8 t8e goermet t8at &ould emerge. 08e missio

also udertoo> direct oeratios agaist gags ad roisio of suort to build?u t8e

caacity of security istitutios.1

W") T"E MI!!ION*i! 0o esure a secure ad stable eiromet: reform of t8e olice9 $$R9 restoratio

of t8e rule of la&9 rotectio of ciilias

ii! 0o suort to t8e olitical rocess: foster democratic goerace9 assist i

creatig atioal dialogue9 assist i t8e 8oldig of electios9 assist i e@tedig

state aut8ority

iii! Huma Rig8ts: suort +oermet ad 8uma rig8ts istitutios ad grous to

romote ad rotect 8uma rig8ts9 moitor ad reort o t8e 8uma rig8ts

situatio9 adise t8e +oermet o iestigatio of 8uma rig8ts iolatios ad

o a strategy to reform t8e udiciary

CAN AN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIT) INTER#ERE IN A

!O+EREI'N COUNTR),! 'O+ERNMENT ACT*

8ere a state is u&illig or uable to rotect its o& ciilias from mass atrocities9 t8e

iteratioal commuity 8as a resosibility to reet suc8 crimes &it8 as muc8 8aste

1 See 8tt:==&&&.u.org=e=eace>eeig=missios=miusta8=C

http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1542(2004)






as is ossible.6 )odified iteratioal la&9 i articular Articles 69 -D ad 51 of t8e 'N

)8arter9 claims t8at ay case of serious 8uma rig8ts abuse is a case for iteratioal

cocer.- "t is surely a et8ical resosibility t8at t8e iteratioal society s8ould ste i

&8e a miority &it8i a soereig state are beig subect to systematic abuseE

soereigty Fi ad of itself s8ould9 at t8e ery leastG ot s8ield eretrators from

uitie measures.4 'N 8as Fresosibility to rotect t8e ciilias of t8eir coutries

from &ar crimes9 geocide9 crimes agaist 8umaity ad et8ic cleasig9 &8ic8 &ere

see as four fudametal 8uma rig8ts abuses t8at9 if allo&ed to 8ae9 &ould

Fcostitute grae 8umaitaria crises &arratig iteretio.5

DI!TIN'UI!"ABLE #EATURE O# T"E MI!!ION08e roblems i Haiti are ot e&9 t8oug8 t8e olitical ad cote@tual coditios 8ae

eoled. 08e curret missio is t8e 'N missio sice 1DD1. Ho&eer9 %"N'S0AH is

uli>e t8e reious iteretios t8at &ere s8ort ad ricially aimed at stregt8eig

t8e Haitia Natioal Police ad moitorig 8uma rig8ts. %"N'S0AH 8as a broader

madate comosed of large military9 olice ad ciilia comoets ad t8e iteratioal

commuity aears to be committed to sustaiig its resece. "t is t8e ceteriece of

iteratioal efforts to assist Haiti i state?buildig. Ho&eer9 t8is missio is also

differet from ot8er 'N Peace>eeig missio9 as it &as t8e first 'N stabili<atio

missio after t8is t8ree more stabili<atio missios i )ogo9 %ali ad )etral Africa

Reublica &ere deloyed by t8e 'N i 67179 671-9 6714 resectiely.

6 Star> A9 R6P: c8alleges I oortuities i lig8t of t8e Libya iteretio (e?

"teratioal Relatios9 196771! 4?E 0Jso 3R9 A P8iloso8y of "teratioal La&

(Boulder: estie& Press9 1DDK!.

- Simma B9 NA0,9 t8e 'N ad t8e use of force: Legal AsectsM 1DDDO uroea

oural of "teratioal La&9 17=1.

4 Arbour L 08e resosibility to rotect as a duty of care i iteratioal la& ad

racticeM 677KO Reie& of "teratioal Studies9-4=-.

5 Ared9 A ) ad Bec> R F"teratioal La& ad t8e 'se of 3orce: Beyod t8e 'N

)8arter Paradigm (Lodo: Routledg9 1DD-!.

See 8tt:==&&&.u.org=e=eace>eeig=documets=oeratioslist.dfC



ANAL)!I! O# T"E MI!!ION

• %"N'S0AHs ace of deloymet &as slo&9 ad it &as ot util Noember 6774

t8at t8e missio &as able to deloy t8roug8out t8e coutry.

• 08e troo (maly of Bra<il9 Peru9 Sai9 Neal etc.! &8ic8 &as deloyed by t8e

%"N'S0AH &as ie@erieced ad t8e laguage barrier becomes t8e biggest

roblem. As it &as led by t8e lati America states ad t8ey &ere ufamiliar to t8e

local regioal laguage.

• 08e mai urose of t8e missio &as )ollaboratie state BuildigM i suort of t8e

trasitioal=elected goermet. But9 its cetral dilemma &as 8o& to roide

oeratioal suort t8e Haitia atioal olice ; &ere see as a source of isecurity9

ad to maitai t8e credibility ad legitimacy &it8 t8e local cro&d esecially i t8e

urba slums.

• %"N'S0AH 8as also faced roblem regardig t8e time eriod of t8e missio. "t &as

iitially allotted si@ mot8s to comlete its missio but later o t8e ree&al &as doe

for oe year at a time. 08is &ea>eed %"N'S0AHS madate9 &it8 obserers otig

t8at log?term is ot syoymous &it8 a accumulatio of s8ort?term missiosM.

• %"N'S0AH &as critici<ed for failig to aticiate ad resod to o?traditioal

t8reats to stability from t8e comle@ olitical ecoomy9 for e@amle targetig $$R

rogrammes at rebel armed grous9 rat8er t8a local gags ad orgai<ed crimial

iolece.

• %"N'S0AH &as also li>ed &it8 itroducig t8e disease )8olera to t8e coutry. 08e

cause of t8e disease &as attributed to faulty costructio of 'N saitatio systems i

its base located i t8e Haitia to& of %JyQ. %ay reorts from %JyQ stated t8at

eole 8ad see se&age sillig from t8e 'N base ito t8e Artiboite Rier9 t8e

largest rier i Haiti t8at is most ofte used by residets for dri>ig9 coo>ig9 ad

bat8ig. art8ua>e i 6717 also affected %"N'S0AH adersely9 may ersoel

&ere >illed ad its9 8eaduarter &as also collased.• 08e missio &as deloyed for reserig t8e 8uma rig8ts &8ic8 &ere beig iolated

i t8e coutry by 8ysical iolece. But9 %"N'S0AH soldiers 8ae bee accused of

beig ioled i a umber of se@ual assault cases. K Ad9 also t8ey 8ae bee

accused of iolatig 8uma rig8ts.

'NA)9 Security ad Rule of La&: 'N Peace>eeig i Haiti ()8ater 5 i 'itedNatios Associatio

i )aada9 677! ?KD.



RECOMMENDATION

• "ole Haitia ciil society i atioal discussios about decetralisatio9 ecoomic

olicy ad costitutioal reform.

• Reform t8e olitical structure9 stregt8eig c8ec>s ad balaces ad reducig

corrutio. %otiate Haitia elites to oi t8e rocess of statebuildig.

• Study t8e root causes of coflict9 olitical ad o&er structure rat8er t8a assumig

t8at oerty reductio &ill elimiate tesios.

• %aitai a focus o dimiis8ig iolece as a &ay to ecourage ecoomic

deelomet.

• mo&er Haitias to o& t8e rocess of state?buildig9 ee &8e t8ere is

iolemet by t8e iteratioal commuity.

• "crease iteratioal deelomet assistace i rural areas ad i eirometally

sustaiable roects.

BIBLIO'RAP")

• Star> A9 R6P: c8alleges I oortuities i lig8t of t8e Libya iteretio (e?

"teratioal Relatios9 196771! 4?E 0Jso 3R9 A P8iloso8y of "teratioal La&

(Boulder: estie& Press9 1DDK!.

• Simma B9 NA0,9 t8e 'N ad t8e use of force: Legal AsectsM 1DDDO uroea

oural of "teratioal La&9 17=1.

• Arbour L 08e resosibility to rotect as a duty of care i iteratioal la& ad

racticeM 677KO Reie& of "teratioal Studies9-4=-.

• Ared9 A ) ad Bec> R F"teratioal La& ad t8e 'se of 3orce: Beyod t8e 'N

)8arter Paradigm (Lodo: Routledg9 1DD-!.

• 'NA)9 Security ad Rule of La&: 'N Peace>eeig i Haiti ()8ater 5 i 'ited

Natios Associatio i )aada9 677! ?KD.

• Beet8am + 9Se@ ad $eelomet9 LS gederigs9 )ritical gagmets &it8

)ulture ad Society (6711!.

• See 8tt:==&&&.u.org=e=eace>eeig=missios=miusta8=C

• See 8tt:==&&&.u.org=e=eace>eeig=documets=oeratioslist.dfC

K Beet8am + 9Se@ ad $eelomet9 LS gederigs9 )ritical gagmets &it8)ulture ad Society

(6711!.

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UN stabilisation mission in haiti