Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
UN-HABITATLessons Learnt from Past Disaster
David EvansChief Technical Advisor
Sri Lanka
The last ten disasters up to Haiti (not comprehensive list)……
India: GujaratIran: BamAsian Tsunami: Indonesia; Sri Lanka; Thailand; India;
etcUSA: KatrinaPakistan: 30,000 sq km of destruction/inhospitable
terrainIndonesia: JogyakartaMyanmar (Burma): NargisChina: SichuanItaly: L’AquilarHaiti(Chili)
How quickly we start to forget…..
First photos
Pakistan
Pakistan
Contractor built houses that nobody wants (roof?)
Integrate housing + drainage/WASH
New urban apartments Sri Lanka
Home Owner Driven houses Sri Lanka: UN-HABITAT/IFRC
International Response Sri Lanka US$10,000 per Family
International Response Myanmar US$23 per family (thatch repair)
Myanmar One Year after! 26th March 2009
Tin sheets (‘Flying razor blades’) waiting to be missiles in the first storm
HOW TO GET INTO TROUBLE
Not listening to the affected people
Not knowing the right things to do
Lacking experience
Underestimating technical difficulty
Confusion over who has Authority/Responsibility
Not getting or developing clear statements of requirements (How many, where?)
Too many changes in personnel in Governmnet ‘Project Managementteam and Ad Hoc institutions
Things to knowConsultation with families. Bottom upStrong committed engagement from government
essential to coordination mechanism, particularly around data collection and enforcement of standards.
Shelter Cluster should be chaired by government and supported by co-chairs made up of a UN-Agency and a NGO (continuity ensured between UN and NGO).
Strong coordination at hub or township level required. The ‘Centre’ must be responsive to the issues raised from the hubs. Danger that the centre just ‘takes’ and does not ‘give’.
Unambiguous shelter standards are required. There should be no confusion between emergency standards and ER Shelter standards
Compliance with standards, agreed by the Shelter Cluster Technical Working Group, is essential. Donors have influence over their implementing partners. Shelter Coordinator should brief donors to ensure that donors insist on compliance.
Donors should be aware that shelter coordination requires funding for approximately two years after a major disaster to ensure best practices are followed and value for money is achieved.
Shelter provision is one of the most effective direct and indirect livelihood generators and shelter provision should feature in donor livelihoods strategies.
There is no ‘one-fit’ shelter solution. Cash grants, materials provision, full construction are all valid initiatives. However, using large contractors has globally and locally resulted in less consultation, less engagement of affected families and more expensive construction.
Focus on funding must be maintained through the transition from Humanitarian response to Early Recovery. The transition is a ‘danger period’ for loss of focus and momentum and once lost, it may not be possible to regain.
There is a clear need for Public Information campaigns to explain eligibility. This is essential to avoid frustration, jealousy and negative rumours spreading which can result in equity related social conflict.
Grievance/Dispute mechanism requiredPolicy uncertainty = Loss of momentumNGOs and Donors driven by large budgets. Not
good programmatic sense. Beware, the relationship can quickly deteriorate!
Absence of integrated planning and land allocation led to almost 20% non-occupation of contractor built
Promote low-cost insurance
Last slide
Reconstruction takes time. Not just about money more about ‘absorbative’ capacity
Disaster as Opportunity: Design-out Vulnerability and Design-in Sustainability
Local Solutions and Foreign Architects -Not ‘listening’= Inappropriate design
Training artisans essential: invest in training
National policy issues need to be developed quickly and consultatively
Provide what people need, not what your agency has to offer!
Get people out of camps ASAP . Reduce dependency increase self –help/sustainability
HLP/ Land Titles: mechanism to resolve disputes/blockages
Owner Driven Versus Contractor driven: Speed; Cost; Quality; Satisfaction levels
Learn from past: TEC and Clinton NGO Initiative - READ(at least the exec summaries)!!!
End
