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University of Minnesota small fruit variety update from the 2010 season. Presented by Dr. Jim Luby at the 2011 MFVGA conference in St. Cloud, MN.
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Small Fruit Variety Update Jim Luby [email protected]
Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Strawberry Program
Yield Trial 3 locations (Grand Rapids, Chanhassen,
Morris) 3 plots (15 feet) Harvested 2 years, observational data
Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Blueberry Program
Yield Trial Becker and Grand Rapids 10-16 plants Harvested until 20 years old, observational
data
Testing in Univ. of Minnesota Bramble Program
Field and High Tunnel Trials Grand Rapids, Morris, Crookston
Features of 2010 Strawberry Yield Trial
Excellent snow cover in 2009-10
Little winter injury Poor Establishment at
Grand Rapids Spring Frost at Grand
Rapids Warm, early season
2010
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry Wt - HRC
Valley Sunset
MesabiWendy Itasca
Brunswick
Kent
Glooscap
WinonaJewel
DarselectL'Amour
Annapolis
HoneoyeCavendish
L'AmourKent
Cavendish
Darselect
2009
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry Wt - HRC
Valley Sunset
Mesabi
Ovation
Wendy
Clancy ItascaBrunswick
Kent
Glooscap
WinonaJewel
DarselectL'AmourAnnapolis
Honeoye
2010 6.0
8.010.012.014.016.018.020.022.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Morris - Yield vs Berry wt
Valley Sunset
Brunswick
Clancy
WinonaWendy
Annapolis Jewel
GlooscapMesabi
Itasca
Honeoye
Cavendish
L'AmourKent
Cavendish
Darselect
2009 6
789
1011121314
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Morris - Yield vs Berry wt
Valley Sunset
Brunswick
Clancy
WinonaWendy
Annapolis
Jewel
Glooscap
Mesabi
Itasca
Honeoye
Kent
L’Amour
Cavendish
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Mulched)
Darselect
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Unmulched)
Valley Sunset
Valley Sunset
Mesabi
Mesabi
Annapolis
Annapolis
Jewel
Jewel
Brunswick
Brunswick
Honeoye
HoneoyeKent
KentGlooscap
Glooscap
Wendy
Wendy
L’Amour
L’Amour
Cavendish
Cavendish
Winona
Winona
2010
Darselect
Itasca
Itasca
02468
101214161820
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Mulched)
Darselect
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Ber
ry w
t (g)
Yield (1000 lb/A)
Yield vs Berry wt - Gr. Rapids (Unmulched)
Valley Sunset
Valley Sunset
Mesabi
Mesabi
Annapolis
Annapolis
Sable
Sable Jewel
Jewel
Brunswick
Brunswick
Honeoye
Honeoye
Kent
KentGlooscap
Glooscap
Ovation
Ovation
Wendy
Wendy
L’Amour
L’Amour
Cavendish
Cavendish
Clancy
Clancy
Winona
Winona
2009
Darselect
Itasca
Annapolis Ag Canada - Nova ScotiaStrengths Good winter hardiness and
vigor Med-Large fruit Very Productive Problems Light (orangey) color Fair flavor - better in north Somewhat soft but tough skin
Photo from Nourse Farms
Favorite Early Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
Honeoye Cornell – over 30 years ago! Early (mid)SeasonStrengths Excellent winter hardiness and vigor Very Productive Good flavor - better in north and on
sandy soilsProblems Color can be very dark in heat Soft flesh Medium size fruit
Photo from Nourse Farms
Favorite Early Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
Cavendish Ag Canada – Nova ScotiaStrengths Large fruit Good flavor Good winter hardiness and
vigor Very Productive Mod firm fruitProblems Color can be blotchy
Cavendish, Nourse Farms
Favorite Early Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
Favorite Early MidseasonStrawberry Varieties for Minnesota
Kent Ag Canada – Nova ScotiaStrengths Med-Large fruit Good flavor Very Productive Good winter hardiness and vigorProblems Mod soft fruit – problem in hot
weather Color can be blotchy Very susceptible to leaf diseases
Favorite Late Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
MesabiStrengthsVery Hardy Very ProductiveAttractive berriesCreamy textureProblemsMedium sizeSoft in hot weatherJune YellowsIntolerant of high soil pH
GlooscapStrengths Very hardy Very productive, tough plants Good flavor Medium-large fruitProblems Soft Dark in hot weather May have June Yellows
Favorite Late Midseason Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
JewelStrengths Outstanding flavor and texture Very attractive Very firm Large fruit Moderate to high yieldProblems Moderate hardiness Use in Southern MN Northern MN if you like to live
dangerously
Favorite Late Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
Photo from Nourse Farms
Favorite Late Season Strawberry Varieties for Minnesota
WinonaStrengths Productive Very vigorous Med-Large berries Disease resistant Peach flavorProblems Irregular shaped berries Berries held close to crown Skin softness in hot or wet weather Alternative to Jewel in Northern
Minnesota
Recent IntroductionsItasca (MNUS 138)
Early seasonStrengths Productive Good cold hardiness Resistant to foliar diseases Attractive berries Tough skin Resistant to red stele root rot Good processingProblems Medium sized berries Moderately soft flesh Tangerine flavor Susceptible to Phytophthora cactorum crown rot
Recent Introductions
Wendy Ag Canada - Nova
Scotia Early SeasonStrengths Excellent flavorProblems Medium siz fruit Moderate Productivity
Recent IntroductionsL’Amour
Early midseasonStrengths Bright Red Attractive berries Large calyx Large sized berries Firm flesh Moderately Resistant to foliar
diseases Excellent balanced flavor Good processingProblems Productive ? Winter hardiness ?
Recent Introductions
Valley Sunset Ag Canada - Nova ScotiaStrengths Very Late Season Very Large fruit Tough skin Good flavorProblems Less firm than Jewel Medium Productivity Winter hardiness ???
Recent Introductions Darselect
France Late midseasonStrengths Attractive Flavorful well-presented fruit soft but tough skinProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness ???
Recent Introductions Cabot
Ag Canada – Nova Scotia Late seasonStrengths Super Large Fruit Attractive FirmProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness Flavor Plant making
Recent Introductions Brunswick
Ag Canada – Nova Scotia MidseasonStrengths Super Larger Fruit Attractive FirmProblems Moderate yield Winter hardiness Flavor Plant making
Floricane-fruiting (“Summer”) Raspberries
Killarney - early midseason, root rot resistant
Boyne – early, susc to anthracnose
Prelude (new) - early Nova - early midseason OAM W2 (new) – Late
midseason selected at River Falls, WI,
large bright red, slightly soft fruit, apparently hardy
Latham - late midseason
Primocane-fruiting (“Fall”) Raspberries for MNField Jaclyn – ripens early August, large dark fruit Double Delight - early, productive, medium
size and firmness, hardy Autumn Bliss - early, medium size, good
flavor, moderate yield Autumn Britten – early, good flavor, firm,
early, similar season and better fruit than AutBliss, but less productive
Polana – early, medium size fruit, susc to Verticillium wilt and Phytophthora root rot
Tunnels Autumn Britten Polana Anne – yellow fruit Caroline - 7-10 days earlier than Heritage,
larger fruit, excellent flavor and firmness
Primocane Fruiting Blackberries
Tunnel Culture Prime-Jan PrimeArk 45
Blueberries
Hardy Chippewa Northblue Northland Polaris St. Cloud Superior
Northcountry (landscape) Northsky (landscape)
Not-quite-hardy
Patriot Reka Bluegold Jersey Bluecrop
‘Superior’ Blueberry
Latest cultivar of Zone 3-4 cultivars (1 wk later than Northblue)
Most productive cultivar at Zone 3 test site (Gr. Rapids, MN)
Upright growth habit Size
4-5 ft Ht x 4-5 ft Diam White floral display Maroon foliage
Coming in 2009 – A New Blueberry for Minnesota
Mean yield from 1993-2010 of blueberries planted 1989 at Becker, MN
Bluecrop
Friendship
Northblue
Patriot
St. Cloud
Superior
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Yield (lb/bush)
Yield (lb/bush) of Blueberries at Becker, MNplanted 1989, harvested 1993-2010
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
BluecropFriendshipNorthbluePatriotSt. CloudSuperior
Mean yield from 1991-2006 of blueberries planted 1989 at Grand Rapids, MN
Bluecrop
Friendship
Northblue
Patriot
St. Cloud
Superior
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Yield (lb/bush)
Mean berry weight from 1993-2010 of blueberries planted 1989 at Becker, MN
Bluecrop
Friendship
Northblue
Patriot
St. Cloud
Superior
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00
Berry weight (g/berry)
Cultivar Yield potential Hardiness Plant size (ht x spread in feet)
Season Machine harvest
Chippewa High Excellent 4.5 x 4 Mid Good?
Northblue High Excellent 3 x 4 Mid Fair?
Polaris Med-High Very good 4 x 4 Early Good?
Northland High Very good 4 x 4 Mid Fair?
St. Cloud Med - High Very good 5 x 4 Early Good?
Superior Med-High Excellent 4 x 4 Late unknown
Northcountry Med Very good 2.5 x 4 Early Poor?
Northsky Low Very good 2 x 3 Mid Poor?
Bluegold Med Good 4 x 4 Mid Unknown
Reka Med Good 4 x 4 Mid Unknown
Patriot Med Good 4.5 x 4 Early Fair?
Jersey Low - Med Fair 5 x 5 Late V. Good
Bluecrop Low-Med Fair 5 x 5 Mid V. Good
Plant Characteristics of Blueberry Varieties
Cultivar Berry size Flavor Firmness
Chippewa Med-large Sweet GoodNorthblue Large Tart FairPolaris Med Sweet, aromatic ExcNorthland Med Mild GoodSt. Cloud Med Sweet GoodSuperior Med Sweet/tart goodNorthcountry Small Lowbush - mild Poor
Northsky Small Lowbush - sweet Poor
Bluegold Med Sweet/tart V. Good
Reka Med-Large Sweet/tart V. Good
Patriot Large Tart, aromatic Good
Jersey Med Mild Good
Bluecrop Large Sweet - mild V. good
Fruit Characteristics of Blueberry Varieties
Currants and Gooseberries Red and white currants (Ribes sativum
and other species)
Red Red Lake Rovada
White White Imperial Primus Blanka
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) Titania Ben Sarek Crusader Consort
Gooseberry Hinomakki Red Pixwell
www.noursefarms.com
Primocane Raspberry Recommendations
Recommended For Trial
Aut Bliss WI NY MI Anne WI ON MI
Aut Britten WI ON Aut Britten MI
Caroline WI NY ON MI Caroline ON
Heritage WI NY MI Double Delight WI
Polana WI ON Himbo Top NY
Ruby WI Jaclyn NY ON MI
Summit WI Joan J ON
Josephine NY ON
Polka NY
Red River WI
Summer Bearing Raspberry Recommendations
Recommended For Trial
Boyne WI NY ON MI Canby WI ON
Canby NY MI Chemaines ON
Encore NY Claudia NY
Festival WI Cowichan, ON
K81-6NY
Encore WI ON MI
Killarney WI Esquimalt ON
Latham WIMI
K81-6 WI MI
Nova WI ON MI Prelude WI
Prelude NYMI
Qualicum ON
TitanNY
Saniich ON
Tulameen ON
Purple Raspberry Royalty- large, tart Brandywine - very large, sweet
Web Resources
Minnesota Fruit Web Site http:// Fruit.cfans.umn.edu
Cornell Univ. Nursery Guide for Berry Crops http://www.fruit.cornell.edu/berry/nurseries/nurseries.html