Umayyad EmpireUmayyad Empire

By Shahan Hatharasinghe, By Shahan Hatharasinghe,

Shravan Rajan and Stephen DaspitShravan Rajan and Stephen Daspit

Map of the Umayyad EmpireUmayyad Empire

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Umayyad-Empire.png

Key TermsKey Terms

Caliph: the political and religious successor of Caliph: the political and religious successor of MuhammadMuhammadAbu Bakr: Muhammad’s father in law, the first caliph Abu Bakr: Muhammad’s father in law, the first caliph from 632 to 634from 632 to 634Ridda Wars: a set of military campaigns against the Ridda Wars: a set of military campaigns against the rebellion of several Arabic tribes against the Caliph Abu rebellion of several Arabic tribes against the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, after prophet Muhammad Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, after prophet Muhammad died.died.Jihad: holy wars waged by Muslims against infidelsJihad: holy wars waged by Muslims against infidelsCopts: native Egyptian ChristianCopts: native Egyptian ChristianNestorians: the church of the east, a Christian churchNestorians: the church of the east, a Christian church

Key Terms continuedKey Terms continued

Uthman: the third caliphUthman: the third caliphBattle of Siffin: occurred during the First Fitna, or First Battle of Siffin: occurred during the First Fitna, or First Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place from July 26 to July 28.from July 26 to July 28.Mu’awiya: the new leader of the Umayyads, The first Mu’awiya: the new leader of the Umayyads, The first claliphclaliphSunnis: supporters of UmayyadsSunnis: supporters of UmayyadsShi’a: supporters of AliShi’a: supporters of AliKarbala: a city of central Iraq to the south of BaghdadKarbala: a city of central Iraq to the south of BaghdadDamascus: a political capital for the Umayyad EmpireDamascus: a political capital for the Umayyad Empire

Key Terms continuedKey Terms continued

Mawali: Muslim convertsMawali: Muslim convertsJizya: tax imposed to non-islam’s by Jizya: tax imposed to non-islam’s by Muslim kingsMuslim kingsDhimmi: “people of the book”Dhimmi: “people of the book”Hadiths: traditions of the prophetHadiths: traditions of the prophetAbbasid: third of the Islamic Caliph’sAbbasid: third of the Islamic Caliph’sBattle of the River Zab: Victory of Abbasid Battle of the River Zab: Victory of Abbasid over the Umayyad’s, results in capture of over the Umayyad’s, results in capture of Umayyad EmpireUmayyad Empire

Ummayad EmpireUmmayad Empire

Muhammad deathMuhammad death in 632, no leader in 632, no leader selected to take leadershipselected to take leadership

Abu BakrAbu Bakr one of Muhammad's friends one of Muhammad's friends from the Umayyad clan was chosenfrom the Umayyad clan was chosen

http://www.destination360.com/middle-east/syria/umayyad

Ummayad EmpireUmmayad Empire

Holy wars called Holy wars called jihadsjihads were started to try were started to try and spread the Muslim religion.and spread the Muslim religion.

Muslim armies were successful in most Muslim armies were successful in most battles and thought battles and thought SasanianSasanian empire was empire was more vulnerablemore vulnerable

Third caliph Third caliph UthmanUthman was killed by was killed by mutinous soldiers coming back from Egyptmutinous soldiers coming back from Egypt

Ummayad EmpireUmmayad Empire

AliAli wanted to try and steal leadership from the wanted to try and steal leadership from the UmmayadsUmmayads

Ummayad forces almost defeated in the Ummayad forces almost defeated in the Battle Battle of Siffinof Siffin

Mu'awiyaMu'awiya named new leader of the Umayyads named new leader of the Umayyads challenging Ali's positionchallenging Ali's position

Ali assassinatedAli assassinated a year after Mu'awiya was a year after Mu'awiya was appointed. appointed.

SunnisSunnis(supported Ummayads) (supported Ummayads) Shi'asShi'as(supported Ali) split (supported Ali) split     

Ummayad EmpireUmmayad Empire

DamascusDamascus was the Ummayad capital was the Ummayad capital

Caliphs built imperial administration with a Caliphs built imperial administration with a bureacracy bureacracy and military division.and military division.

The conquered people were mostly The conquered people were mostly dimmis. Soon christians and hindus were dimmis. Soon christians and hindus were conquered. Dhimmis had to pay but had conquered. Dhimmis had to pay but had religious freedom.religious freedom.

Ummayad EmpireUmmayad Empire

Male dominationMale domination was common was common

Men could have up to 4 wives, but women Men could have up to 4 wives, but women could only have one husband.could only have one husband.

All wives must be treated equallyAll wives must be treated equally

Islamic laws left Islamic laws left women in better women in better positionspositions than those in civilized cultures than those in civilized cultures

Umayyad Mosque

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imageislam/Umayyad.jpg

Umayyad EmpireUmayyad Empire

Rewards from successful battles provided a high Rewards from successful battles provided a high class life, and weakened the army.class life, and weakened the army.

Riots were held throughout the empire, as Riots were held throughout the empire, as Muslims thought this was a retreat from Islamic Muslims thought this was a retreat from Islamic waysways

Warriors felt as if they were cheated out of loot.Warriors felt as if they were cheated out of loot.

Rebels brought the end of the Ummayad EmpireRebels brought the end of the Ummayad Empire

An Umayyad Tomb

http://www.atlastours.net/jordan/prophet_hud_shrine.jpg

World ImpactWorld Impact

The Umayyad Empire was the first major Islamic EmpireThe Umayyad Empire was the first major Islamic EmpireIt:It:1. Put an end to the great Mediterranean and Persian 1. Put an end to the great Mediterranean and Persian civilizationscivilizations2. Was the starting point of many Muslim conquests2. Was the starting point of many Muslim conquests3. Made the split between Sunni and Shi'a3. Made the split between Sunni and Shi'a4. Spread Islam throughout North Africa and Middle Asia4. Spread Islam throughout North Africa and Middle Asia5. Made Powerful enemies that would succeed tham and 5. Made Powerful enemies that would succeed tham and eventually conquer much more territoryeventually conquer much more territory

Interesting FactInteresting Fact

Interesting FactInteresting Fact

After helping the Umayyad Empire and After helping the Umayyad Empire and then being shunned by them, the mawali then being shunned by them, the mawali joined forces with the Shi'a under al-joined forces with the Shi'a under al-Abbas, a distant relative of Muhammad.Abbas, a distant relative of Muhammad.

http://www.barakatgallery.com/Auction/ItemImgs/ACFE73.gif