The Ulster Plantation began in 1609, under the rule of King James I. This plantation began after the main Irish cheiftains, led by Hugh O'Neill, fled to mainland Europe in order to build an army to prevent further spread of English power throughout Ulster. This event is known as the Flight of The Earls.After this, Ulster was leaderless, and so the Crown took the land owned by these cheiftains. 6 counties in all were planted: Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Tyrone, Fermanagh, and Derry.Three types of landowners were put in place by King James and the Crown: Undertakers, Servitors and Loyal Irish. Undertakers were rich English and Scotsmen, Servitors were soldiers or officials who had served the Crown, and Loyal Irish were natives who had not rebelled against the King or Queen. Undertakers and servitors were required to build stone houses or castles, as well as a defensive enclosure around said house to protect from attacks. Planters were often victim to attacks from Native Irish who were dissatisfied with losing their land. Travelling was very dangerous for planters.Few people were willing to move to Ireland from England or Scotland. King James I forced 12 London trade guilds (Drapers, Vintners (wine-makers), Goldsmiths etc.) to assist the Plantation in Derry, hence the name "Londonderry". These guilds built the towns of Derry and Colerainem and formed the Irish Society. Towns were simple, with a diamond-shaped market place in the centre, and 4 roads leading from the marketplace.The Ulster plantation was the most successful of the plantations, by 1618 there were over 40,000 planters in Ulster