ukqj - Central Bank of Sri Lanka...ieliQ o¾Ylhla jevg fhdod .ekSu hs' ;j o" thska o fkd kej;S úáka úg o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk lr.ekSu hs' ukqj iqir ke;s l, thska ,efnk ñkqïj,ska we;s

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ñf,ys jk fjki uek WoaOukh fï hehs m%ldY lrkq ,nhs' fï fjki ukskq ,nkafka ñ, o¾Ylhla uÕsks' ta i|yd imqrd,sh hq;= uQ,sl u wjYH;dj jkqfha b;d úêu;a wdldrhlska ieliQ o¾Ylhla jevg fhdod .ekSu hs' ;j o" thska o fkd kej;S úáka úg o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk lr.ekSu hs' ukqj iqir ke;s l, thska ,efnk ñkqïj,ska we;s M,h lsu@

fuu i;Hh wm f.a fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh iïnkaOfhka o idOdrK h' tfy;a tu ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd § oYl myla blaujk f;la u tys fjkila fkd flß‚' iudch fõ.fhka mßKduh jk jd;djrKhla ;=<" mdßfNda.slhka f.a reÑ wreÑlï uqükska u fjkia ù we;s ld, jljdkqjl § t f,iska .¾ys; jQ o¾Ylhlska ñf,ys fjki f.kyer oelaùu m%{d iïmkak ld¾hhla fkd fõ' ieneúka u l< hq;= j ;snqfKa fld<U ñ, o¾Ylh ld,Sk j hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu hs' tfy;a ta iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq flrefKa ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd § jir mkia myla .; jQ ;ek h'

fl fia fj;;a" oeka t f,i tl ;ek kej;=Kq hq.h wjika flÍ we;' fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd § jir mkia mylg miq j - t kï" 2007 j¾Ifha §" th hdj;ald,Sk flß‚' ta" 2002 ñ, .Kka moku jYfhka ie,lSfuks' thska o fkd kej;S" oeka kej;;a fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha mokï j¾Ih fjkia fldg we;' ta wkqj" 2006$07 j¾Ifha ñ, .Kka moku jYfhka i<ld ñf,ys fjki uek oelaùu wdrïN fldg we;'

fuh b;du;a ksje/È jQ mshjrls' fu jr —igyk˜ ta iïnkaOfhka úia;rd;aul l;sldjl ksr; jkafka fï ldrKh wm f.a mdGlhka yg myod §fï wáfhks' wod< ,smsh úiska f.kyer olajd we;af;a mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï ld¾hh muKla fkd fõ' ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliSfï § wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk iuia; l%shdud¾.h u t uÕska úia;r lr we;' ñ, o¾Ylh úiska wdjrKh flfrk ck.ykh y÷kd.ekSu" NdKav mei fï hehs ;SrKh lsÍu" mokï j¾Ih f;dard.ekSu" nr ;eîu ta hgf;a l< hq;= uQ,sl foa fjhs' blaì;s j ñ, /ialsÍu o ta ñ, .Kka fhdodf.k o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍu o isÿ flfrhs' fï wkqj .;a l," ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliSu b;d úêu;a wdldrhlska l< hq;= ld¾hhla nj mdGl Tng jegfykq we;'

ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliQ mu‚ka u" ñ, .Kka /ia lr o¾Yl w.h .Kkh l< mu‚ka u WoaOukh fï hehs mejish yels fkd fõ' t jeks o¾Ylhlska uek olajkafka yqÿ u;=msg WoaOukhla mu‚' ta" u;=msg WoaOukh fkdfhl=;a ndysr idOl ksid ;r jQ tlla úh yels h' ñf,ys fjkig n,mdk iEu idOlhla u md,kh l< yels fkd fõ' úfYaIfhka u" WoaOukh md,kfha j.lSu mejÍ we;s uy nexl=jlg úIhh jk lreKq o tys wêldrfhka Tífnys jk lreKq o fjhs' ;u wêldrfhka neyer we;s idOl md,kh lsÍfï yelshdjlauy nexl=jlg ke;' tfyhska uy nexl=jl ld¾h idOkh y÷kd.; yelafla fu f,i neyeßka WoaOukhg tla flfrknr bj;a lsÍu uÕsks' háoeß WoaOukh úiska f.kyer olajkq,nkafka t f,iska Y=oaO lrkq ,enQ o¾Yl w.h hs' fu jr —igyk˜ m< fldg we;s WoaOukh iïnkaO ,smsfhysWla; ldrKhg wod< úIhh lreKq o meyeÈ<s fldg we;' t fyhska" ta yd iïnkaO mdGl wjYH;d mq¿,a whqßka imqrd ,Sug yels jQ njla wms úYajdi lruq'

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fiajd Ndú;fhka bj;a úh' kj NdKav yd fiajd NdKav meig tl;= úh' t fukau mej;s NdKavhkays .=Kd;aul nj o jeäÈhqKq úh' tu fya;= ksid mei ;=< jQ fndfydawhs;uhka f.a idfmalaI jeo.;alu úYd, jYfhka fjkia úh' t neúka" fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd tu o¾Ylh fhdod.ekSfï j,x.= nj m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka f.a oeäúfõpkhkag Ndckh úh' fï ish¨ lreKq fya;= fldgf.k fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï wjYH;dj oeä f,iska mek ke.s‚' ta wkqj" 2002 mokï j¾Ih f,i f.k kej; ieliQ fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh 2007 fkdjeïn¾ ui § ksl=;a lrkq ,eî h' ;j o" cd;Hka;r mßphka wkqj hñka bÈßfha § jir 5 lg jrla fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylfha mokï j¾Ih hdj;ald,Sk lsÍug o wfmalaId flß‚' fï wkqj" 2011 cqks udifha isg mokï j¾Ih 2006$07 f,i f.k fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh kej; j;djla hdj;ald,Sk flß‚'

iuia; mßfNdack úhofuka wdydr i|yd jehjk m%;sY;h ld,h;a iu. wvq fjñka mj;S' ;j o thg m%;smlaI j" wdydr fkdjk ldKavfhys msßjeh Nd.h l%ufhka by< hñka mj;S' igyk 2 msßlaiSfuka o ta nj meyeÈ<s j ksÍlaIKh l< yels h' th ´kE u wd¾Ólhl ck;dj f.a wdodhï uÜgu by< hdu;a iu. oelsh yels fmdÿ m%jK;djls' ñ, o¾Ylj, hdj;ald,Sk lsÍï yryd t jeks fjkialïj,g wod< .e,mqï isÿ lsÍug o wjia:dj ie,fia'

WoaOukh iy ñ, o¾Yl

id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ § lsishï wd¾Ólhl NdKav yd

fiajdjkays fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys isÿjk wLKav by< hEu

WoaOukh f,i w¾: oelafõ' fuys fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu

f,iska ie<flkafka tu wd¾Ólfha mj;sk w;s úYd, ix-

LHdjla jQ NdKav yd fiajdjkays úúO jQ ñ, .Kkaj,

iuia; n,mEu ;SrKh lrkq ,nk tla ksfhdackd;aul

w.hls' i;H jYfhka u fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd

tu wd¾Ólfha mj;sk NdKav yd fiajd ish,af,ys u ñ,

.Kka ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= kuq;a th m%dfhda.sl j l<

fkd yels b;d wmyiq ld¾hhls' t fyhska fmdÿ ñ,

uÜgu uekSu i|yd lsishï rgl fjfik ksYaÑ; ck

lKavdhul mßfNdack rgdj wOHhkh lsÍfuka ;SrKh

lrkq ,nk ksfhdackd;aul NdKav yd fiajd meila fhdod

f.k ta wiqfrka ñ, o¾Yl ilia lrkq ,nhs'

ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliSfï § ie<lsh hq;= lreKq .Kkdjls'

tu lreKq fld<U mdßfNda.slhka f.a ñ, o¾Ylh

weiqfrka úuid ne,sh yels h'

uq,a wjia:dfõ ñ, o¾Ylh .Kkh lrk úg - t kï

1952 §" we;=<;a fkd jQ t,a'mS' .Eia" fm!oa.,sl Wmldrl

mx;s .dia;=" ÿrl:k .dia;=" fmÜg%,a" ãi,a wd§ kj whs;u

.Kkdjla 2002 mokï j¾Ih lr.;a o¾Ylhg we;=<;a

flreKq w;r uOHidr" ÿïjeá yd u;aøjH hk ldKavh me-

fika bj;a lrkq ,eîh' ta wkqj" wod< ld, mßÉfþoj, §

l=gqïNhl udisl mßfNdack úhou ;=< tys whs;uhkag ysñ

jQ idfmalaI jeo.;alu fjkia ù we;s wdldrh ksÍlaIKh

l< yels h' t fia u" 2002 isg 2006$07 olajd mokï j¾Ih

fjkia lsÍfï § NdKav mei ;=< wdydr yd uOHidr fkdjk

mdk" fi!LHh" úfkdaod;aul yd ixialD;sl iy wOHdmk

hk Wm ldKavj,g ysñ j ;snQ idfmalaI jeo.;alu my<

f.dia we;s nj o wfkl=;a ish¨ Wm ldKavj, idfmalaI

jeo.;alu by< f.dia we;s nj o fmfka' fï wkqj" t

jeks fjkialï ksrEmKh jk wdldrhg ld,h;a iu.

mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylhl mokï j¾Ih kej; ieliSfï yd

hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s fõ'

oekg Ndú;hg .efkkafka t f,i kej; j;djla

hdj;ald,Sk l< ñ, o¾Ylh hs' fuu mdßfNda.sl ñ,

o¾Ylh o bÈßfha § we;s jk fjkialï yd ieif|k mßoa-

foka hdj;ald,Sk lsÍug isÿ jkq ksiel h'

ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliSu ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula

b,lal.;$úu¾Ys; ck.ykh

.Kkh lrkq ,nk o¾Ylh u.ska uekSug wfmalaId lrk fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu l=uk m%foaYhl" l=uk ck fldÜGdYhl"l=uk wdodhï ldKavhl mßfNd ack rgdj uÕska ksfhdackh lrkq ,nhs o hkak ks¾Kh fldg tu wjYH;d iïmQ¾K lrkq ,nk wdldrfha b,lal.;$úu¾Ys; ck.ykhla f;dard.ekSu ñ, o¾Ylhla ieliSfï m<uq mshjrhs'

WodyrKhla f,i mokï j¾Ih 1952 jQ fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh ieliSfï § b,lal.; ck.ykh fld<U uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYfha lïlre m%cdjg iSud úh' kuq;a mokï j¾Ih 2002 f,iska yd 2006$07 f,iska th hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï § th fld<U Èia;%slalfha iuia; kd.ßl wxYh olajd mq¿,a úh'

NdKav mei

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tajdfha m%udK y÷kd .ekSu blaì;s j l< hq;= h' tu NdKav yd fiajd i|yd jeh jk mßfNdack úhofuys idfmalaIjeo.;alu ie<ls,a,g f.k o¾Ylfha NdKav mei ;SrKh l< hq;= fõ' hïlsis ksYaÑ; ck.ykhla b,lal jk mßÈ f;dard.;a ksheÈhla wdjrKh jk f,i isÿ l< mdßfNda.sl uQ,H$l=gqïN iólaIK fï i|yd mokï lr .kS'

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mokï j¾Ih ^mokï ld,mßÉfþoh&

f;dard.;a NdKav mei mßfNdackh lsÍu i|yd jeh lrkq ,nk iuia; msßjefhys ld,h;a iu. isÿjk fjki ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd th lsishï idOdrK jQ" ld,mßÉfþohlg idfmalaIj .Kkh fldg oelaùu isÿ l< hq;= fõ' tu ld,mßÉfþoh mokï j¾Ih ^mokï ld,mßÉfþoh& f,i ye¢ka fõ'

Wod( mokï j¾Ih f,i .efkk ld,mßÉfþoh —idudkH˜ tlla ùu w;HjYH fõ' fuys § —idudkH˜ hkqfjkawoyia jkafka wêl by< ñ, .Kka fyd a wêl my< ñ, .Kka fyda wêl ñ, WÉpdjpk fyda we;s ld,mßÉfþohla fkd úh hq;=h hkak h'

2008 j¾Ifha §" cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a NdKav ñ, .Kka by< hEu;a iu. wdkhksl NdKav ñ, by< hEu ksid foaYSh ñ, uÜgfï wêl by< hEula oelsh yels úh' t f,i u" 2009 j¾Ifha § f.da,Sh wd¾Ól wjmd;fha n,mEu fya;=fjka cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a NdKav i|yd b,aü my< hEu ksid ñ, idfmalaI j my< jeá‚' Bg iu.dó j wdkhksl NdKavj, ñ, .Kka my< hEu" foaYSh ñ, uÜgu my< hEug fya;= úh' fï wkqj" foaYSh j NdKav yd fiajd ñ, wêl j mej;s 2008 fyda my< ñ, .Kka mej;s 2009 —idudkH j¾Ihla˜ f,i ie<lsh

fkd yels h' mokï j¾Ih 2008 f,i ie<l=jfyd;a tu jifrys mej;s by< ñ, uÜgï fya;=fjka Bg idfmalaI j wfkl=;a ld, mßÉfþoj, ñ, .Kkaj, ie<lsh hq;= by< hEula mjd iq¿fjka fmkakqï flf¾' ta ;=<ska WoaOuk wkqmd;fha wj;lafiare ùula isÿ úh yels h' t fuka u mokï j¾Ih f,i 2009 j ek s wv q ñ, uÜgul a m ej; s ld,mßÉfþohla f;d ard.;fyd;a Bg idfmalaI j ñ, uÜgïj, iq¿ by< hEula mjd jvd úYd, f,i fmkakqï flf¾' t uÕska WoaOuk wkqmd;fha wê;lafiare ùula isÿúh yels h' t fyhska mokï ld,mßÉfþoh f,i jvd;a idOdrK ñ, yeisÍula iys; idudkH j¾Ihla$ld,mßÉfþohla f;dard .; hq;= h'

nr ;eîu

;SrKh lrkq ,enQ NdKav mefiys tla tla NdKav yd fiajd m%udK" mokï j¾Ifha$ld,mßÉfþofha mej;s idudkH ñ, .Kka hgf;a mßfNdackh lsÍu i|yd jeh jk uqo," uq¿ NdKav mei i|yd jk úhofuka lskï m%;sY;hla o hkak wkqj tla tla whs;uh i|yd jk nr ;enqu ;SrKh flf¾' fu uÕska mokï ld,mßÉfþofha § NdKav mei mßfNdackfha § oeßh hq;= úhou wkqj tla tla whs;uh i|yd ysñjk idfmalaI jeo.;alu fmkakqï flf¾'

ñ, /ia lsÍu

ksYaÑ; lrkq ,enQ NdKav mefiys we;s whs;uhka f.a ñ, /ia lsÍfï l%ufõoh o o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍfï § b;d jeo.;a h' NdKav mefiys iuia; jákdlu .Kkh l< hq;= neúka mokï ld,mßÉfþofha isg wLKav j wod< ld,mßÉfþoj, § ksYaÑ; NdKav mefiys tla tla whs;ufhys ñ, .Kka /ia l< hq;= h' fuys § ld,h;a iu. wd¾Ólfha ñ, uÜgfuys fjki muKla ñkqï l< hq;= ksid wfkl=;a ish¨ idOl ksh; j ;nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' ta i|yd NdKav mefiys y÷kd.;a ksYaÑ; whs;uhka i|yd" wod< ksYaÑ; fjf<|fmd<j,ska u ñ, .Kka /ia lsÍu lrkq ,efí' uq,a NdKav mefiys we;=,;a tla tla whs;uh i;= jQ m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul ,laIK u we;s whs;uhka f.a ñ, wLKav j /ia lsÍu fï wkqj isÿ fjhs'

NdKav mei i|yd uq¿ úhou ^re'&

o¾Yl w.h

2006$07 mokï ld,fha §

2011 foieïn¾

27"972'11

E hehs is;uq

100

^100 $ 27"972'11& x E


WodyrKhla f,i lsßmsáj, ñ, /ialsÍfï § wkq.ukh flfrk l%shdud¾.h meyeÈ<s l< yels h' tys §" mokï j¾Ih i|yd ie<ls,a,g .;a lsß msáj, ^fj<| kduh" nr" weiqreu" fïo rys;$iys; wd§ f,i jk ,laIK ish,a, iïmQ¾K jk f,iska& ñ, wLKav j /ia lrkq ,efí'

fjf<|fmd< f,i f;d ard .efkkqfha b,lal.; ck.ykh úiska ;u mßfNdack wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd ks;r hk-tk fjf<|fmd< h' ñ, /ia lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk fjf<|fmd< ixLHdj iy jdr ixLHdj by< oeóu u.ska /ia lr.kq ,nk ñ, f;dr;=rej, .=Kd;aul nj by< kexúh yels h' flfiajqj o" ñ, /ia lsÍfï § u;=jk m%dfhda.sl ÿIalr;d fya;=fjka tu ixLHdj iSud lsÍug isÿ fõ' fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh udislj .Kkh lsÍug wod< j NdKav yd fiajd whs;u 373 la i|yd fld<U k.rfha fjf<|fmd<j,a 14 lska ñ, .Kka /ia lsÍu" ta ms<sn|j úfYaIs; jQ m%dfhda.sl oekqula yd w;aoelSula iys; ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍka msßila úiska isÿ lrkq ,efí' tla tla whs;ufha ñ, úp,kh jk YS>%;djh wkqj tajdfha ñ, /ia flfrk ixLHd;h ;SrKh fõ'

WodyrK(

t<j¿" m<;=re" iy,a" uia" ud¿ - i;sm;dfrÈms<s" mdjyka - udisl j

ñ, o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍu

fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd ,eiamsh¾ iólrKh Ndú;d lrk q ,efí' ty s § mokï ld,mßÉfþofha mej;s NdKav mei m%udKd;aul j yd .=Kd;aul j ksh; j mj;S hhs i<ld ld,h;a iu. ñ, .Kkaj, isÿjk fjkialu ukskq ,nhs'

,eiamsh¾ iólrKh

It } i<ld n,kq ,nk ld, mßÉfþofha § o¾Yl w.h

Pti } i<ld n,kq ,nk ld, mßÉfþofha § i whs;ufha ñ,

P0i } mokï j¾Ifha § i whs;ufha ñ,

W0i } i whs;ufha nr ;enqu

ilia lr.;a o¾Ylhl mokï ld,mßÉfþofha § tla tla whs;ufha ñ, .Kka ^P0i& iy nr ;enqu ^W0i& okakd neúka tla tla ld,mßÉfþofha § /ia lrk ñ, f;dr;=re ^Pti& weiqfrka tu ld,mßÉfþoh ^t& i|yd o¾Yl w.h Ît& .Kkh l< yels h' fu f,i fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh udisl j .Kkh flf¾'

Wod( ^NdKav mefiys uq¿ úhou remsh,a 27"972'11 ls&

mokï j¾Ifha § uq¿ úhou ^re'&

nr ;enquwhs;uh

2"202'49

1"663'64

1"580'70

1"242'59

554'71

27"972'11

27"972'11

27"972'11

27"972'11

27"972'11

mdka iy OdkH j¾.

u;aiH iy uqyqÿ wdydr

t<j¿

úÿ,sh

t,a'mS' .Eia

2"202'49

1"663'64

1"580'70

1"242'59

554'71

X

X

X

X

X

100 = 7'87

100 = 5'95

100 = 5'65

100 = 4'44

100 = 1'98


It = Ʃ Pti

PoiX Woi


i' udisl WoaOuk wkqmd;h ^Monthly In�ation&

wkqhd; udi 2 la w;r ñ, o¾Ylj, m%;sY;d;aul fjkihs'

ii' ,laIHuh moku u; WoaOukh ^Year-on-Year In�ation&

wkqrEm ld,mßÉfþo folla w;r ñ, o¾Ylj, m%;sY;d;aul fjkihs' fuys § i<ld n,kq ,nk udifha ñ, uÜgu miq.sh j¾Ifha Bg wkqrEm udifha ñ, uÜgug iuÕ ixikaokh flf¾'

by; iólrKh Ndú;fhka o¾Yl w.h .Kkh lrk wdldrh l,ams; WodyrKhla weiqfrka my;ska olajd we;'

fuu o¾Ylhg wod< NdKav mefiys whs;u 5 la muKla we;ehs Wml,amkh flf¾'

by; igyfkys .Kkh lsÍug wkqj i,ld n,kq ,nk t ld,mßÉfþofha § o¾Yl w.h 110'5 la jk w;r t' ld, mßÉfþofha § th 118'0 ls' ta wkqj" wod< ld,mßÉfþo

fol w;r Wml,ams; NdKav meig idfmalaI j fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu ishhg 6'8 lska by< f.dia ;sfí'

WoaOukh f,iska uek olajkafka fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys isÿjk m%;sY;d;aul fjki h' fuh m%Odk jYfhka wdldr 3 lska .Kkh fldg olajkq ,efí'

t kï"

i<ld n,kq ,nk udifha ñ, o¾Ylh - fmr udifha ñ, o¾Ylh

fmr udifha ñ, o¾Ylh X 100

whs;uh

nr ;enqu

W0i

^]&

mokïj¾IfhaidudkH

ñ,^remsh,a&

t ld, mßÉfþofha§ idudkHñ, [Pt]^remsh,a&

t' ld, mßÉfþofha§ idudkHñ, [Pt']^remsh,a&

Pti Pt'i

Poi PoiX XWoi Woi

A

B

C

D

E

35'0 150 160 37'3 175 40'8

15'0 50 60 18'0 55 16'5

20'0 75 100 26'7 120 32'0

25'0 100 90 22'5 90 22'5

5'0 200 240 6'0 245 6'1

tl;=j 100'0 110'5 118'0

ñ, o¾Ylhl w.h .Kkh lsÍu ixLHd; igyk 3

t kï"

fuu j¾Ifha i<ld n,kq ,nk udifha ñ, o¾Ylh - fmr j¾Ifha tu udifha ñ, o¾Ylh

fmr j¾Ifha tu udifha ñ, o¾YlhX 100

fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylh weiqfrka .Kkh lrkq ,nk úúO WoaOuk wkqmd;


iii' jd¾Isl idudkH moku u; WoaOukh Ânnual Average In�ation&

Wla; WoaOuk wkqmd;sl ;=k .Kkh lrkq ,nk wdldrh my; WodyrKh uÕska meyeÈ<s j olajd we;'

ixLHd; igyk 4

fld'md'ñ'o¾Ylh ^2006$07}100& 2009 - 2010

2010 foieïn¾ udih i|yd

udisl m%;sY;d;aul fjki }

,laIHuh moku u; WoaOukh }

i<ld n,kq ,nk udih we;=,;a udi 12 l ñ, o¾Ylj, idudkH iy Bg fmr udi 12 l ñ, o¾Ylj, idudkH w;r m%;sY;d;aul fjkihs'


131'1 140'4

131'2 141'1

130'5 139'8

129'6 138'4

132'6 140'1

134'3 141'2

135'2 141'2

134'7 141'4

134'9 124'6

135'3 144'1

136'3 145'7

137'8 147'2

133'6 141'9

udihfld'md'ñ'o¾Ylh ^2006$07}100&

2009 2010

ckjdß

fmnrjdß

ud¾;=

wfma%,a

uehs

cqks

cQ,s

wf.daia;=

iema;eïn¾

Tlaf;dan¾

fkdjeïn¾

foieïn¾

jd¾Isl idudkH o¾Yl w.h

jd¾Isl idudkH moku u; WoaOukh }

rgl b;d jeo.;a id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhla jk WoaOukh uekSu i|yd ñ, o¾Yl moku imhk wdldrh fï wkqj meyeÈ<s h' fu f,i uek .kq ,nk WoaOukfha m%jK;d wd¾Ólfha wkd.;h flfrys n,mdk m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK i|yd Wmfhda.S lr .kS' ;j o" fu jeks mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Yl uÕska ck;dj f.a Ôjk úhou ksrEmKh jk neúka fiajd kshqla;slhka i|yd f.jkq ,nk Ôjk úhoï §ukd .e,mqï i|yd o th mokï lr .kS' tfyhska fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu jvd;a ;d;a;aúl f,i ksrEmKh jk mßÈ ñ, o¾Yl f.dv ke.Su iy .Kkh lsÍu fl;rï jeo.;a o hkak meyeÈ<s fõ'

u;=msg WoaOukh ^Headline In�ation&

uek olajkq ,nk WoaOuk wkqmd;slfhka m%ldY flfrkafka mßmd,s; ñ, by< hEï ^Wod( úÿ,sh" m%jdyk&" wdkhk ñ, by< hEï ^Wod( fndrf;,a" ;sßÕ= msá&" whym;a ld,.=‚l ;;a;ajh ksid we;s jk iemhqï ndOd ^Wod( .x j;=r" kdh hEï" kshÕ&" iD;=uh b,aü by< hEï ^Wod( wjqreÿ" k;a;,a&" uqo,a iemhqfï wê j¾Okh" by< nÿ m%;sm;a;sh iy wkd.; WoaOukh ms<sn| mdßfNda.slhka f.a wfmalaId hk ish¨ u lreKq fya;=fjka we;s jk iuia; fjki h' WoaOukh i|yd fya;=jk ish¨ idOlj, n,mEu olajk tu ñkqu u;=msg WoaOukh f,iska ye¢ka fõ'

uQ,sl WoaOukh ^Core Inflation&$háoeß WoaOukh Ûnderline In�ation&

u;=msg WoaOukh flfrys uq,a jk idOl w;=ßka we;eï tajd WoaOukh md,kfha j.lSu mejreKq uy nexl=j jeks uQ,H wêldßhl b,a¨ï l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sj,g ixfõ§ fkd fõ' ^Wod( whym;a ld,.=‚l ;;a;ajh" cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a ñ, WÉpdjpk" iD;=uh b,aü by< hEï" mßmd,s; ñ, by< hEï wdÈh& t fyhska uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï § ks¾Kdhlhla jYfhka fhdod .ekSug" Bg ixfõ§ jk wdldrfha WoaOuk ñkqula wjYH fõ' fuh uQ,sl WoaOukh$ háoeß WoaOukh f,i y÷kajk ñkqu fhdod .efkhs' fu uÕska b,a¨fuka weÿKq WoaOukh ksrEmKh flfrhs'

uQ,sl WoaOukh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd i¾j;% l%ufõohla fkdue;s w;r" úúO rdcHfhda ta i|yd úúO l%u fhdod.ks;s' ta w;ßka b;d m%p,s; j we;af;a neyer lsÍfï l%ufõoh Êxclusion Method& h' Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl

141.9-133.6133.6

x 100 = 6.2

147.2-137.8137.8

x 100 = 6.8

147.2-145.7145.7

x 100 = 1.1


WoaOukh .Kkh i|yd o tu l%ufõoh wkq.ukhflf¾' ta wkqj" WoaOukh uekSug fhdod .kakd fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylhg wod< NdKav mefika ;djld,sl ñ, WÉpdjpkhkag ,lajk NdKav bj;a fldg idod.;a NdKav meila wdY%fhka uQ,sl WoaOukh ukskq ,nhs' fuys § 2002 mokï j¾Ihg wod<j uQ,sl WoaOukh .Kkh lsÍfï § fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylfha NdKav mefika ish¨ u wdydr yd n,Yla;s whs;u bj;a flreKq w;r 2006$07 mokï j¾I ixfYdaOkh;a iu. kejqï wdydr øjH" iy,a" fmd,a" n,Yla;s whs;u iy m%jdyk úhoï o bj;a fldg we;'

fï wkqj" uQ,sl WoaOukhg wod< NdKav mefiys jákdlu2002 mokï j¾Ifha § iuia; NdKav mefiys jákdlfukaishhg 45'4 la úh' th" 2006$07 § 65'3 la fjhs' wfkl=;a rgj, uQ,H wêldÍka fuka u Y%S ,xld uy

nexl=j o uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu i|yd fuu uQ,sl WoaOukh ie<ls,a,g .kS'

rgl id¾j wd¾Ól ñkqï w;r m%Odk ;ekla .kakd WoaOuk b;d úêu;a wdldrhlska uek oelaúh hq;= nj fï wkqj meyeÈ<s fjhs' fï iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú;d flfrk fld' md' ñ' o¾Ylh .; jQ ld,h ;=< § l%udkql+, j hdj;ald,Sk fldg h:dj;a njg m;a fldg we;' ta wkqj" 1952 jif¾ isg b;d È.= ld,hla ñ, o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk fkd lsÍfuka we;s j ;snQ úlD;s iajNdjh o ÿre flß‚' ck;dj f.a wdodhï" úhoï uek oelaùu i|yd úêu;a ld,dka;r ;=< iólaIK flfrk rgla jYfhka Y%S ,xldjg bÈßfha § o fuu ld¾hh ksis whqßka isÿ lsÍfï .eg¨jla mek fkd kÕsk njg ielhla ke;'

rEm igyk 1

fld<U mdßfNda.slhka f.a ñ, o¾Ylfha úp,kh^2006$07 } 100&

udisl fjki ] ,laIHuh fjki ] jd¾Isl idudkH fjki ]

c fm ud w ue cQ cQ w ie T fkd fo c fm ud w ue cQ cQ w ie T

2010 2011


ldis j¾. iy tajdfha ksudj

ldis Ndú;fha wdrïNh l%sia;= mQ¾j y;ajk ishji § muK isÿ jQ nj miq.sh —igyk˜ ^2011 cQ,s - wf.daia;=& l,dmfhka meyeÈ<s flß‚' t;eka mgka fï olajd u ldis gxlkh fkd lvjd isÿ fjhs' ta yd iuÕ u" ldis /ialsÍfï úfkdaodxYhla o fjhs' úúOdldr foa /ialsÍug ñksiqka oeka fhduq ù isáh o ldis /ialsÍfï b;sydih ta ish,a,g jvd È.= tlls' ta b;sydih ldis gxlkh wdrïN jQ ld,h olajd u Èj hk njla lshefjhs' ;j o" gxls; ldis úiska b;sydih o jd¾;d flÍ we;' fndfydaft;sydisl lreKq ikd: lr.ekSu i|yd ldisj, ksrEms; foa Wmfhda.S lr .efkhs' ldis Ndú;h mßKduh ù we;af;a úúOdldr yevfhka hq;= ldis b;sydihg tla lrñks' tfy;a" ldisj, ksudj yd ne÷Kq iïu;h ta whqßka úúO;ajhla .;a tlla fkd fõ' uQ,sl j u" ldis gxlkh lrkq ,enqfõ yqfola u ixirKh fjkqfjks' t kï" NdKav yd fiajd yqjudrej fjkqfjks' ta yd iuÕ u" jákdlï ikaksêhla jYfhka o .sKqïlrK udOHhla jYfhka o th uqof,a ld¾hh m%dfhda.sl;ajhg kexùh' tfy;a ldis /ia lrkakka f.a odhl;ajh ksid ldisj, ksudj ;j;a wdldr lsysmhla .;af;a h' fuu ,smsfhka flfrkafka t f,iska wdldr lsysmhlg mßj¾;kh jQ ldisj, ksudj iy ldis j¾. .ek igykla ;eîu h'

gxlkh lrkq ,nk ldis uQ,sl jYfhka j¾. follg fnod oelaúh yel' ta" ixirKh i|yd jk ldis iy ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis hkqfjks' ixirKh i|yd jk ldis gxlkfha § m%Odk ;ekla fokq ,nkafka myiqj" l,a meje;au" jHdc wdldrfhka ieleiSu je<elaùu" ksñ øjH fjk;a lghq;= Wfoid fhdod.ekSu je<elaùu hkd§ lreKqj,g h' tfy;a ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis gxlkfha § ldis /ia lrkakka f.a wjYH;d flfrysie,ls,su;a ùug o isÿ fjhs' t neúka" ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldisj, ksudj wdldr lsysmhla f.k we;' wdo¾Yl ldis iy ysudldr ldis ta wkqj gxlkh lrkq ,nhs' úúOdldr ksudfjka hq;= fuu ldis gxlkh i|yd

fhdod .kq ,nk Ys,amSh l%u o úúOdldr h' my;ska úia;r flfrkafka tu Ys,am l%u ms<sn| j h'

ixirKh i|yd jk ldis

ixirKh i|yd jk ldis ^Circulating Coins& gxlkfhamshjr lsysmhls' uq,ska u flfrkafka ldish irik ks¾udKh u; mokï j .=re wÉpqjl=;a ta weiqßka jev wÉpq;a ilid .ekSuhs' blaì;s j ysia ldis lmd .ekSu o .eá ieliSfï ld¾hh o Tm oeóu o jev wÉpq ysia ldis u; f;rmd uqød tnùu o wjidk jYfhka u¨ .; lsÍu yd weiqreï lsÍu o isÿ lrkq ,nhs' nexl= iqrlaIs;d.dr ;=< ;ekam;a lrkq ,nk ldis ixirKhg tla lrkafka tu weiqreï újD; lsÍfuks'

wÉpq ieliSu

ldis ksIamdokfha uq,a u mshjr jkafka ldisfha ks¾udK igyk we| .ekSuhs' thska miq meßia noduh Ndú;d fldg ldisfha m%udKhg jvd lsysm .=KhlskaúYd, ;% sudk wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lr.kq ,nhs 'tu meßi a nodu wdlD; sh u; i s, slk a rn¾^Silicone Rubber& w;=rd m%;sj¾; jd;a;= wÉpqjla

ud,úld wdßhr;ak

ikaksfõok fomd¾;fïka;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ 60 jk ixj;airh ieuÍug ksl=;a l< re'5000 ldisfha ks¾udK igyk


idod .kq ,nkafka thska wk;=re j h' thska miq j" Wkak; jd;a;= wÉpqj idod .kq ,nkafka bfmdlais ÿïu, Êpoxy Resin& Ndú;fhks' blaì;s j" kshñ; m%udKhg ieliqKq wkq msgm;la jdfkaj,ska lmd .ekSu i|yd bfmdlais ÿïu, wÉpqj W!kk hka;%hlg ^t kï" úYd,;ajh wvq l< yels hka;%hlg& oukq ,nhs' isis,k yev ;e,Sfï l%shdoduh ^Cold Forging Process& f,iska ye¢kafjk Ys,am l%uh ud¾.fhka .=re wÉpqj ^Master Die& idokafka bka wk;=rej h' ta" kshñ; m%udKhg W!kkh l< ie,iqu ødj mSvlhla ^Hydraulic Press& ;=< § úYd, n,hla fhdod uDÿ jdfka lene,a,lg tínùfuks' bkamiq j th ^t kï" uDÿ f,dayfhka ilid .;a .=re wÉpqj& oeä njg m;a lrkq ,nhs' ldis iE§ug fhdod .kq ,nkafka fuu .=re wÉpqj Wmldrfhka ilid .kakd jev wÉpq h' úoHq;a f,daydf,amk l%shdj,shlska tu jev wÉpqj, u;=msg fl%dañhï ;jrkq ,nhs' thska jev wÉpq ydkshg m;a fkd ù iq/flk w;r tajdfha wdhq ld,h §¾> fõ' iEu jev wÉpqjlska u ldis 250"000 la muK gxlkh l< yels h' ldis ñ,shkhla muK gxlkh l< yels jev wÉpq o fjhs' b;du;a oeä kuq;a iqug ghsfÜkshï khsg%hsâ jeks wf,amk ;ejÍfuka jev wÉpqj, wdhq ld,h ;jÿrg;a jeä l< yels h'

ysia ldis ;ekSu

ysia ldis lmkq ,nkafka ñY% f,day máj,sks' tajd fndfyda úg ;U jeks uQ, f,dayhla wka;¾.; fldg ilid ;sfí' ixirKh i|yd jk ldis ksIamdokfha § fuu f,dayj, ixhq;sh oeä mÍlaIdfjka md,kh lrkq ,efí' fuu ysia ldis fndfyda úg rjqï yevhla .kq ,nk w;r we;eï wjia:dj, § fjk;a yevj,ska hq;= ldis o gxlkh lrkq ,efí' uE;l § YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska y÷kajd ÿka remsh,a 10 ldish me;s tfld<ylska hq;= tlls'

odrh ieliSu

ixirKh i|yd jk ldis gxlkhg fhdod.kq ,nk ysia ldisj, odrh jgd ldisfha fomfiys .eá folla olakg fjhs' úfYaIs; yevhlska hq;= we,shla Èf.a ysia ldisfha odrh fmr<Sfuka fuu .eá ilikq ,efí' uqød Tínjk wjia:dfõ § f,day m%udKhla bj;aùu je<elaùu i|yd WmldÍ jk odrhla f,iska tu .eá ielfihs' ysia ldisj, odrhg wlaIr iy wdrlaIs; i,l=Kq tla lsÍug o ta i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk hka;%j,g mq¿jk'

ldish uDÿ lsÍu

ysia ldis lemSfï iy odrh iE§fï l%shdj,sfha § Ndú; f,dayfha ;;a;ajh fjkia fõ' fuh ld¾hh oDVùu f,iska ye¢kafõ' uqød ;eîug fhdod.kakd wjia:dj jk úg tajd uDÿ ;;a;ajfhka meje;sh hq;= h' ysia ldis Wÿkl

meßia nodufhka wdlD;shla iE§u

m%;sj¾; jd;a;= wÉpqjla

.=re wÉpqjla


oud fi,aishia wxYl 850 g muK r;a lsÍfuka yd bka wk;=re j tajd isis,a lsÍfuka fuu wjYH;dj imqrd .kshs' fuu uDÿlrK l%shdj,sfhka wk;=re j ysia ldis Tm oeófï wxYh fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí'

Tm oeóu

ysia ldisj, u;=msg nenf,k iajNdjhla we;s lrùug iy wjmeyeh bj;alsÍug Tm oeóu isÿ lrkq ,efí' we;eï wjia:dj, §" gxlk l%shdj,sh myiq lrùu i|yd ,sysis øjH b;d iq¿ m%udKhla o Tm oeófï l%shdj,sfha § ysia ldisj, ;jrkq ,efí' Tm oeóu isÿ lrkq ,nkafka ta i|yd u ieliqKq úfYaI hka;%hlsks' f,day u;=msg ksf¾Okh lsÍug iy Tm oeóug .kakd jQ úfYaI ridhk øjHhla ;=<g fh¥ jdfkaj,ska iy msÕka ueáj,ska iE¥ b;d l=vd m%udKfha fnda, ñY%Khla w;r ysia ldis tyd fuyd fmr<ùfuka fuu Tm oeófï l%shdj,sh isÿ lrkq ,nhs' Tm oeófuka miq" ysia ldis WKqiqï jd; úh<khla yryd hjkq ,efí' fu f,i uDÿ fldg" Tm oeuQ iy fõ,k ,o ysia ldis gxlkh i|yd iQodkñka .nvd fldg ;nhs'

uqød tnùu

gxlkh i|yd ilid .;a ysia ldis uq,ska u uqød tnùfï hka;%fhys we;s mqkS,dldr n÷kg fhduq lrjhs' ixirKhi|yd jk ldis gxlkh i|yd fhdod.kakd ldis mSvl j¾. lsysmhla fjhs' fgdka-n, 100" 150 iy 200 Odß;dj,ska hq;= j ldis uqød;eîfï yelshdjla fuu hka;%j,g ;sfí' ^fgdka-n,hla hkq lsf,da ksõgka 9'8 l n,hls' ;;amr j¾.hl § lsf,da.%Euhl ialkaOhla ógrhla ÿrg ;ajrKh lrùu i|yd fhoúh hq;= n,h ksõgkhla f,iska w¾: oelafjhs&' wjYH mSvlh f;dard .kq ,nkafka gxlkh lrkq ,nk ldisfha úYd,;ajh iy ñY% f,dayfha j¾.h wkqj h'

uqød tínùug fmr gka.aiagka ldnhsÜ j<¨ fhdod ysia ldisj, ksñ ;ru o .eáfha yevh o fjkiaùug we;s bv wjqrd ,kq ,efí' ysia ldisj, bÈßmi uqød ;nk wjia:dfõ u tajdfha miqmi o uqød ;nkq ,nhs' fï i|yd fomfiys ks¾udKh wkqj ilid .;a jev wÉpq fhdod.kq,nhs' mSvlhlska ñks;a;=jlg ysia ldis 650 lg muK uqød ;eìh yelsh' ldisfha úYd,;ajh jeä kï fyda f,dayh oeä njla .kafka kï uqød ;eîu i|yd jeämqr n,hla wjYH fõ' t úg uqød ;nk ldis m%udKh wvq úh yels h' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha fõ.fha wvd, lsÍulska f;dr j u m¿ÿ jQ iy úYd,;ajh fjkia jQ fodaI iys; ldis hka;%dkqidrfhka m%;slafIam lrkq ,nhs' ksñ ldis ixirKh i|yd uqod yeÍug fmr ;;a;aj mÍlaIdjlg ,la flf¾'

ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis

ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis Ûncirculated Coins& ksIamdokh lrkq ,nkafka fndfyda ÿrg ixirKh i|yd jk ldis ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk wdldrhg u h' t fia jqj o" tys § my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j úfYaI ie<ls,a,la fhduq lrhs'

• uqødfõ u;=msg ksudj ieliSfï § ta i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu

• wlaIr iy ixfla;j, ;shqKq nj we;s lsÍug ixirKh i|yd jk ldis ksIamdokfha § fhdokjdg jvd by< mSvkhlska uqød ;eîu

• ydks wju lsÍu i|yd ldis ksIamdokfha iEu mshjrl § u jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu

• ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis fjka fjka j weiqreï ;=< nyd,Su

fï ksid Èklg tla mSvlhlska ksI amdokh l<yelafla ldis 30"000 la muK m%udKhls' ixirKh i|yd jk ldis iu. ii|k úg fuh b;d wvq w.hls'

by; i|yka ldis j¾. folg wu;r j úfYaIs; jQ ldis j¾.hla o oelsh yel'ta iure ldishs (Commemorative Coins)' fuu ldis fndfyda úg wh;a jkafka ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis j¾.hg h' t fia jqj o ixirKh i|yd gxlkh lrkq ,nk iure ldis o fõ'

iure ldis

iudcfha wd¾Ól iy jd‚c lghq;=j, § ldis jeo.;a N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lrhs' wd¾Ól jákdlug wu;r j" rgl fndfyda jeo.;a isÿùï iksgqyka lsÍug o ldis ksl=;a fldg ;sfí' t jeks ldis iure ldis kñka ye¢ka fõ' ixirKfha mj;sk wfkl=;a ldisj,ska fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSu Wfoid fuu ldis fjkia rgdjlska ks¾udKh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=õ 50 jk ixj;airh fjkqfjka ksl=;a l< re' 1000 ß§ ldish' fuh ixirKh i|yd fkdjk ldishls'


lrhs' ixirKh i|yd gxlkh lrkq ,nk iure ldisj, t jeks fjkila olakg ke;' jeo.;a wjia:d iksgqyka lrkq jia gxlkh lrkq ,nk we;eï iure ldis b;d wêl ñ,lg kdkl Ydia;%{fhda ñ, § .ks;s' t jeks ldisj,g ldis tl;= lrkakka f.a úfYaI ,eÈhdjla we;' b;sydih uq¿,af,a u" úúO rdcHj, úN+;sh iy ch.%yK ms<sn| wNsudkh m%ldY lsÍug ldis ksl=;a flß‚' ksoiqkla f,ig" frdaukajre i;=rkag úreoaO j ;uka f.a

1996 l%slÜ f,dal l=i,dkh ch.%yKh lsÍu ksñ;af;ka ksl=;a

l< remsh,a 1000l ß§ ldish'

yuqod ,nd .;a ch.%yK ksrEmKh flfrk ldis ksl=;a l<y' uOH;k hq.fha § úfYaIfhka kj wêrdcHhl= f.a wNsfIalh ieuÍug o ldis ksl=;a flß‚' fï i|yd ksoiqka fndfyda fjhs' bkaÈhdkq b;sydifha .=ma; hq.fha § o uQ.,a hq.fha § o ksl=;a lrk ,o ldis ta w;r fjhs' hqfrdamfha rdcH mrujdoh Yla;su;a jQ hq.fha ^The Age of Absolutism&" t kï l%sia;= j¾I 1610 isg l%sia;= j¾I 1789 ld,fha § rdclSh r:j,ska ,d¾fia ^Largesse& ldis u. fo mi isá mqoa.,hskag úis lf<a h' ta uyckhdf.ka wjOdkh iy T,ajrika ,nd .kq ms‚i h' 1873 § iaùvkfha § o fuu j¾.hg wh;a ldis ksl=;a lrkq ,eî h'

uq,a ld,fha § ksmo jQ iure ldis jákd f,dayj,ska ksmo jQ ksid jákdlñka jeä úh' fl fia jqj o" uq¿ f,dalhd u uqyqK ÿka f,dal hqoaO iy wd¾Ól w¾nqoj,ska miq j iure ldis j¾. wdldr follska ksl=;a lsÍu werô‚' we;eï iure ldis jákd f,dayj,ska ksu jQ w;r we;eï ldis ksu jQfha uQ, f,dayj,sks' ta wfkla jHjydr uqo,a fuka ixirKh l< yels ùu i|yd h' ixirKh i|yd fkd jk iure ldis ms<sn| j kdkl Ydia;%{fhda úfYaI WfoHda.hlska lghq;= lr;s' thg fya;=j jkqfha tu ldisj, ÿ¾,N nj hs' fndfyda úg" iure ldis ksIamdokh lrkqfha rka yd ß§ jeks jákd f,dayj,ska ksid tajd rcfha wdodhï ud¾.hla o fjhs' ixj¾Okh jk rgj,a úiska úfoaY fjf<|fmd< b,lal lrf.k fuu ldis

ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk wjia:d o fjhs' úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd wruqo,a tla/ia lsÍug o we;eï rgj,a iure ldis ksl=;a lr;s'

wdo¾Yl ldis ^Proof Coins& iy ysudldr ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ^Frosted Uncirculated& ldis úúO ksudfjka hq;a ldis j¾. w;r fjhs'

wdo¾Yl ldis

wdo¾Yl ldis hkq idudkH ixirKh i|yd fhdod .ekSug gxlkh lrkq ,nk ldis úfYaIhla fkd fõ' fïjd uQ,sl j u ksIamdokh lrkq ,enqfõ ixirKh i|yd gxlkh lrkq ,nk ldis i|yd wkque;sh ,nd.ekSug;a ksIamdÈ; ldisj, ;;a;aj mÍlaIdjg;a h' miqld,Sk j" ldis /ia lrkafkda wdo¾Yl ldis tl;= lsÍug o fhduq jQy' §ma;su;a Tmhlska hq;= j" ta fjkqfjka u iE¥ uqød Ndú;d lrñka by< ;;a;ajfhka hq;= ksudjlska hq;= j wdo¾Yl ldis ksIamdokh lrkq ,efí'

*s,fv,a*shd ^Philadelphia& iud.u 1817 § m%N+jrekag" rcfha ks,OdÍkag iy ldis tl;= lrkakkag fnod yeÍu ms‚i m%:ufhka u wdo¾Yl ldis ksIamdokh lf<a h' fuu wdo¾Yl ldisj, miqìu legm;la jeks u;=msglska hqla; úh' tys ixfla; iy wlaIr ysudldr iajrEmhla .;af;a h' ^ysudldr iajNdjhla hkq §ma;su;a miq;,h u;=msg ysu fuka u;=jk wdldrfhka uqød ;eínùu hs&' ldis tl;= lsÍu f,dj mqrd úfkdaodxYhla f,i m%p,s; jk úg tl;= lrkakkag wf,ú lsÍu i|yd wdo¾Yl ldis ksmoùu fï jk úg isÿ fjhs' j¾;udkfha § fndfyda rgj, úfYaI wjia:d ieuÍu i|yd o wdo¾Yl ldis ksmojhs'

wdo¾Yl ldis ks¾udKh i|yd uqød iE§ug Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka msßisÿ" wk¾> ;;a;ajfha jdfka h' ixfla; iy wlaIrj, mDIaGhg ysudldr ksudjla ,nd §ug b;du;a isyska je,s jeks i¾fldakshï ^Zirconium& f,dayuh uQ, øjHh Ndú;d fldg uqød wÉpqj idohs' ldisfha we;af;a legm;la jeks Tm oeuQ miqìuls'

wdo¾Yl ldis iE§u yia; l¾udka;hls' ta fjkqfjka u ks¾udKh l< jdhq iólrKh lrk ,o mßirhl fuu ldis idohs' jrlg idokafka tla ldishls' ta" ldisj, m¿ÿ fyda le,e,a we;sùfï wjodku wvq lr .ekSfï l%shdud¾.hla jYfhks' úoHd.dr lnd" ysia jeiqï" w;ajeiqï fuka u fmdf<djg ouk l,d," uqød msi oeóug iqÿiq j¾.fha frÈ j¾. iy ldis mSvlj, we;s uqødj,g fkd kj;ajd iq<x yud taug ia:dmkh lrk ,o úÿ,s mxld o fuu lghq;a; i|yd Wmldr lr .kshs'


w;ska l%shd lrk mSvlj,g fgdka 360 la olajd jQ n,hla fhÈh yels h' tla mSvlhlska Èklg ldis 500 la muK ksIamdokh lrkq ,efí' mSvl l%shdlrkafkda w;ajeiqï fyda w~q Ndú;d lrñka ysia ldis mSvlhg ;nd uqødj lsysm jrla ta u; joaojkq ,n;s' myr fokq ,nk jdr .Kk ixfla; iy wlaIrj, úYd,;ajh u; ;SrKh fõ' mSvlfhka joaojkq ,nk myr .Kk iy fhdok wu;r n,h fya;=fjka uqødfõ ;sfnk ixfla; yd wlaIrj, we;s iEu f;dr;=rla u ldisfha tínfjhs' thska miq ;j;a ldi shl a k s¾udKh l sÍug fmr u qødfjy s we; s ¥ú,s jeks l=vd wxY= bj;a lsÍu i|yd uOHidrNdú;d lr uqød msi oukq ,efí' u<lEfuka wdrlaIdùui|yd f,d alv" l sh qfm % d -k sl, a ^Cupro-Nickel& "we¨ñkshï fn%dakaia Âluminium Bronze& iy iag¾,sx ^Sterling& ß§j,ska iE¥ ldis u; wjidkfha § khsfg%d-fi,shqf,daia ^Nitro-Cellulose& wdf,amh biskq ,nhs'

uqød uqyqKf;a wx. Tm oukq ,nkafka w;sks' ta i|yd wKaùlaIhla fhdod .kS' uqyqK; Tm oeóug meh fol ;=kl ld,hla .; fõ' legm;la jeks ksudjla ,nd .ekSu i|yd kshñ; fY%a‚hl Èhuka;s mdmamhla ^Diamond Lapping Paste& u;=msg ;ejrE ,Shlska Tm oukq ,efí' idudkHfhka fï i|yd fhdod .kafka n¾É .fia ,Shhs' th b;d uDÿ oejhls' thska miq uDÿ f,dau frÈ lene,a,la iïnkaO úÿï lgqjla Ndú;d fldg fuh ;jÿrg;a Tm oukq ,nhs' thska wk;=re j iïmQ¾K uqyqK; u msßisÿ máhlska wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs' bkamiq ishqï ie;la Wmfhda.S fldg f.k ixfla; yd wlaIr ksrdjrKh lrñka máh lmd yßhs' ixfla; yd wlaIrj,g taldldÍ f,i ysudldr fmkqula ,nd §ug iy wÉpqj jgd meyeÈ,s fmkqula ,nd §ug fï wjia:dfõ § kej;;a i¾fldakshï fhdod .kS'

Tm oeuQ miq wÉpqjg fl%dañhï wdf,am flf¾' t fia ke;fyd;a ghsfÜkshï khsg%hsâ ^Titanium Nitride& wdf,am lrkq ,nhs' thska uqødfõ wdhq ld,h §¾> lr .; yels h' t fia u tu wdf,am uqødj kej; Tm oeófï jdr .Kk wvq lrhs' tla jrla Tm oeuQ uqødjlska ldis 15 isg 25 olajd m%udKhla ks¾udKh l< yels h' ldisfha m¿ÿ iy le,e,a we;sùu yels ;rï ÿrg je<elaùu i|yd ysia ldish Tm oeóu o ish,a,g u fmr isÿ lrhs'

wdo¾Yl ldis iE§fï § jeh jk wu;r n,h" ld,h" Y%uh iy ksIamdok msßjeh fya;=fjka fndfyda úg tajd wf,ú lrkafka by< ñ,lg h' fndfyda wjia:dj, wdo¾Yl ldis iSñ; m%udKhla muKla ksIamdokh lrhs'

ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ysudldr ldis

fuu ldis ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ixirKh i|yd fkd jk ldis ksIamdok l%shdj,shg fndfyda ÿrg iudk h' tfy;a my; i|yka fjkialïj,ska hqla; h'

• uqødfõ miqìfï isyska je,s jeks iajrEmhla we;s lsÍug ukd j ilid we;' ixfla; iy wlaIr È,sfik ksudjlska hqla; h' tu ksid ixfla; iy wlaIrj, iEu wx.hla u meyeÈ<s j oelsh yel'

• ysudldr iy È,sfik m%foaY msysgd we;af;a wdo¾Yl ldishg m%;súreoaO wdldrhg h' tu ksid ixfla; iy wlaIrj, È,sfik fmkqula we;s w;r miqìu ysudldr fõ'

wjqreÿ oyia .Kkl isg uqo,aj, fN!;sl jHqyh ie,lsh hq;= f,i fjkialïj,g Ndckh ù we;' udkj YsIagdpdrh mgka .ekafï § .jhska jeks i;=ka mjd uqo,a jYfhka fhdod .eks‚' miq lf,l § rka iy ß§ jeks øjH uqo,a f,i Ndú;hg tlaúh' tÈfkod .kqfokq wêl f,i isÿ jk j¾;udkfha § uqo,a i|yd fndfyda úg ldis iy fkdaÜgq fhdod .ekqk;a bf,lafg%dksl .kqfokq o ie<lsh hq;= m%udKhla isÿ fõ' bÈßfha § bf,lafg%dksl .kqfokq hq.hla muKla u Wodjkq we;s njg wkdjels m< ù ;snqK o ldis yd fkdaÜgqj,g we;s jákdlu úhelS hk njla kï olakg ke;' ta w;ßka ldisj,g we;s ;ek iq¿mgq fkdfõ'

1978 § fÊ' wd¾' chj¾Ok ckdêm;s;=udf.a m<uq jk moú m%dma;sh iksgqyka lsÍug ksl=;a l< remshf,a ysudldr wdo¾Yl ldish' fuh

lerÜ 22 r;arkaj,ska ksmojd we;'

16 2011 fkdjeïn¾$foieïn¾ - igykrdc.sßh" Y%S chj¾Okmqr udjf;a" wxl 58 ork ia:dkfha msysá Y%S ,xld uy nexl= uqøKd,fha uqøKh lrk ,ÿj"

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ikaksfõok fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,§'

fï Èkj, wmg ks;r u PIGS hk wla-ku wikakg ,efnhs' hqfrdamSh iaffjÍ;aj Kh w¾nqoh fkd úi£ bÈßhg hk w;r ks;r ta iïnkaOfhka lshefjk fï wla-ku l=ula o@ thska lshefjkafka l=ula .ek o@ fuu flá ,smsh ta yd iïnkaO lreKq lsysmhla f.kyer oelaùu fjkqfjks'

wka;¾cd;sl ne÷ïlr úYaf,aIlhka" Ydia;%{hka iy w¾: ckudOHfõ§ka úiska ksrka;rfhka fï jok jyrk njla olakg we;' fuys §" PIGS hkafkka uQ,sl j u lshefjkafka mD;=.d,h ^Portugal&" b;d,sh Îtaly&" .%Sish ^Greece& iy iamd[a[h ^Spain& hs' we;eï úfgl" b;d,sh fjkqjg wh¾,ka;h Îreland& fhfohs'fuu wla-ku ks;r jyrkafka iaffjÍ;aj Kh fjf<|fmd< yd iïnkaê; lreKq úia;r lsÍfï § h' fl fia fj;;a" fuu ku fh§u iïnkaOfhkafndfyda úfõpk o fjhs' fuu rgj,a fu jeks wla-kulska ye¢kaùu ksid tu rgj, ckhdwf.!rjhg ,lajk njg jk ms<s.ekSu thg fya;=j hs'

b;sydih

fuu fhÿfï b;sydih oYl ;=klg jeä ld,hla olajd Èj hhs' hqfrda uqo, y÷kajd§ug fmr hqfrdamSh m%cdj úiska —hqfrdamSh úksuh wkqmd;sl hdka;%Kh˜ Êuropean Exchange Rate Mechanism& y÷kajd fokq ,eî h' tu hdka;%Kh l%shd;aul jQ ld,fha § o nexl= úYaf,aIlfhda o ne÷ïlr yd úfoaY uqo,a wf,úlrkafkda o PIGS wla-ku jHjydr l<y' hqfrda l,dmfha ol=Kg jkakg we;s iudk wd¾Ól ,laIK iys; rdcHhka ye¢kaùu i|yd j¾;udkfha o tu fhÿu fhdod .efkhs'

u; .egqï

2008 jif¾ § m%isoaO m%ldYhla l< mD;=.d, uqo,a weue;sjrhd fuu PIGS fhÿu wjudkd;aul nj mjid th oeä fia fy<d oelafla h' fl fia fj;;a" o< w¾:fhka .;a l, fuu fhÿu BRIC jeks tlla nj mjik wka;¾cd;sl w¾: udOHfõ§yq ;jÿrg;a th Ndú;d lr;s' fl fia fj;;a" Financial Times mqj;am; úiska tys Ndú;h oeä f,iska iSud fldg we;'

fjkialï

fuu wla-kfuys I wl=r i|yd úfgl b;d,sh o ;j;a úfgl wh¾,ka;h o fhdok nj meyeÈ<s h' fl fia fj;;a" miqld,Sk j I wl=re folla tl;= lsÍfuka PIIGS f,iska wla-kula o Ndú;hg tla ù we;' wjudkd;aul nj je<elaùfï wáfhka GIIPS f,iska th fhdok wjia:d

o fjhs' thg wu;r j" I wl=re ;=kla fhdod PIIIGS f,iska tu wla-ku ilid jyrk wh mjikafkab;d,shg yd wh¾,ka;hg wu;r j fuu f.dkakg whsia,ka;h o tla l< hq;= nj hs'

2009 jif¾ §" tlai;a rdcOdksfha Èh;a jQ nexl= .,jd.ekSfï fufyhqu meje;s ld,fha § tu wla-ku PIIGGS f,iska o ixfYdaOkh flß‚' ta" Great Britain hkak ksfhdackhg wu;r G wl=rla tla lsÍfuks'

Documents

ukqj - Central Bank of Sri Lanka...ieliQ o¾Ylhla jevg fhdod .ekSu hs' ;j o" thska o fkd kej;S úáka úg o¾Ylh hdj;ald,Sk lr.ekSu hs' ukqj iqir ke;s l, thska ,efnk ñkqïj,ska we;s