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Advanced SQL
UKOUG ConferenceMasterclass
Daniel FinkOptimalDBA
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Learning FeaturesDont try to create the final query thefirst
time
Use the Lego approach
Start with raw data and then add in theadditional
processingAlways double check results
Eyeball usually worksMay need a calculator
Begin to rethink how you construct aquery
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LogisticsPresentation format
Slides for conceptSQL*Plus script/output
Use personal DEMO schemaScript and output
Ask Questions during topic
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AgendaAnalytical FunctionsRegular Expressions
I will not cover 11g
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Analytical FunctionsDocumented in Oracle Data Warehousing
Guide and SQL GuideCore ConceptsProcessingPartitionWindow
Analytical Function TypesRanking
Other ValueWindow AggregationStatistical *wont cover these
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Uses of Analytical SQLTop/Bottom N queries
Top 5 sales peopleBottom 15 customers
ComparisonsMonth to month sales
increases/decreasesRanking/Ratios
Top 10 selling items% of overall sales by item
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Why Analytical SQLImproved code
ReadabilitySupportability
Improved PerformanceFewer passes on a tableLess resource
consumptionFaster run time
Part of the core product
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on all employees sorted by salaryand show
their numeric ranking
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SELECT e.name,e.salary,DENSE_RANK() OVER
(ORDER BY salary DESC) AS sal_rank
FROM employee eORDER BY e.salary DESC
Analytical Function
ORDER BY clause
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PartitioningNot to be confused with table/index partitioning
A set of rows grouped by a defined dataelementDefault partition
is entire result set
Fixed by data valuesFunctions are applied within the
partition
Values are reset at partition boundaries
1 partition per functionMultiple partitions per statement
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on all employees sorted bydepartment number
and salary and showtheir numeric ranking within theirdepartment
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SELECT
WHERE/joins
GROUP BY/HAVING
Partitioning
Ordering
Windowing
ApplyFunctions
ORDER BY
SELECT e.name,d.name dept_name,e.salary
FROM employee e,department d
WHERE d.dept_id = e.dept_id
DENSE_RANK() OVER
(PARTITION BY d.nameORDER BY e.salary DESC) AS sal_rank
ORDER BY d.dept_id,e.salary DESC
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Employee Department Salary--------------------
-------------------- ---------
Allison Ballinger Administration $90,000Julie Johnson Sales and
Marketing $75,000Stan Marsh Accounting $45,000Larry Wilton Sales
and Marketing $30,000Thomas Walton Logistics and Supply $25,000Tina
Walton Logistics and Supply $80,000Shelly Walton Sales and
Marketing $30,000Eric Kraus Logistics and Supply $27,000John Dennis
Accounting $46,000Bobby Harris Sales and Marketing $30,000Doug
Harris Logistics and Supply $50,000Erika Deeter Accounting
$60,000
William Dietrich Administration $30,000 Allison Dietrich Sales
and Marketing $30,000 Andy Schmidt Sales and Marketing $70,000
Rachel Middleton Administration $850,000Henry Parry Sales and
Marketing $30,000Bev George Sales and Marketing $30,000Oscar Perry
Sales and Marketing $45,000Billy Yolto Logistics and Supply
$30,000
Vincent Johns Logistics and Supply $50,000
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Employee Department Salary--------------------
-------------------- ---------
Allison Ballinger Administration $90,000 William Dietrich
Administration $30,000
Rachel Middleton Administration $850,000Julie Johnson Sales and
Marketing $75,000Larry Wilton Sales and Marketing $30,000Shelly
Walton Sales and Marketing $30,000Bobby Harris Sales and Marketing
$30,000
Allison Dietrich Sales and Marketing $30,000 Andy Schmidt Sales
and Marketing $70,000
Henry Parry Sales and Marketing $30,000Bev George Sales and
Marketing $30,000Oscar Perry Sales and Marketing $45,000Stan Marsh
Accounting $45,000John Dennis Accounting $46,000Erika Deeter
Accounting $60,000Thomas Walton Logistics and Supply $25,000Tina
Walton Logistics and Supply $80,000Eric Kraus Logistics and Supply
$27,000Doug Harris Logistics and Supply $50,000Billy Yolto
Logistics and Supply $30,000
Vincent Johns Logistics and Supply $50,000
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Employee Department Salary--------------------
-------------------- ---------Rachel Middleton Administration
$850,000
Allison Ballinger Administration $90,000 William Dietrich
Administration $30,000
Julie Johnson Sales and Marketing $75,000 Andy Schmidt Sales and
Marketing $70,000
Oscar Perry Sales and Marketing $45,000Larry Wilton Sales and
Marketing $30,000Shelly Walton Sales and Marketing $30,000Bobby
Harris Sales and Marketing $30,000
Allison Dietrich Sales and Marketing $30,000Henry Parry Sales
and Marketing $30,000Bev George Sales and Marketing $30,000Erika
Deeter Accounting $60,000John Dennis Accounting $46,000Stan Marsh
Accounting $45,000Tina Walton Logistics and Supply $80,000Doug
Harris Logistics and Supply $50,000
Vincent Johns Logistics and Supply $50,000Billy Yolto Logistics
and Supply $30,000Eric Kraus Logistics and Supply $27,000Thomas
Walton Logistics and Supply $25,000
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Employee Department Salary Rank--------------------
-------------------- --------- ----Rachel Middleton Administration
$850,000 1
Allison Ballinger Administration $90,000 2 William Dietrich
Administration $30,000 3
Julie Johnson Sales and Marketing $75,000 1 Andy Schmidt Sales
and Marketing $70,000 2
Oscar Perry Sales and Marketing $45,000 3Larry Wilton Sales and
Marketing $30,000 4Shelly Walton Sales and Marketing $30,000 4Bobby
Harris Sales and Marketing $30,000 4
Allison Dietrich Sales and Marketing $30,000 4Henry Parry Sales
and Marketing $30,000 4Bev George Sales and Marketing $30,000
4Erika Deeter Accounting $60,000 1John Dennis Accounting $46,000
2Stan Marsh Accounting $45,000 3Tina Walton Logistics and Supply
$80,000 1Doug Harris Logistics and Supply $50,000 2
Vincent Johns Logistics and Supply $50,000 2Billy Yolto
Logistics and Supply $30,000 3Eric Kraus Logistics and Supply
$27,000 4Thomas Walton Logistics and Supply $25,000 5
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Employee Department Salary Rank--------------------
-------------------- --------- ----Rachel Middleton Administration
$850,000 1
Allison Ballinger Administration $90,000 2 William Dietrich
Administration $30,000 3
Julie Johnson Sales and Marketing $75,000 1 Andy Schmidt Sales
and Marketing $70,000 2
Oscar Perry Sales and Marketing $45,000 3Bev George Sales and
Marketing $30,000 4Larry Wilton Sales and Marketing $30,000 4Henry
Parry Sales and Marketing $30,000 4
Allison Dietrich Sales and Marketing $30,000 4Shelly Walton
Sales and Marketing $30,000 4Bobby Harris Sales and Marketing
$30,000 4Erika Deeter Accounting $60,000 1John Dennis Accounting
$46,000 2Stan Marsh Accounting $45,000 3Tina Walton Logistics and
Supply $80,000 1Doug Harris Logistics and Supply $50,000 2
Vincent Johns Logistics and Supply $50,000 2Billy Yolto
Logistics and Supply $30,000 3Eric Kraus Logistics and Supply
$27,000 4Thomas Walton Logistics and Supply $25,000 5
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on sales by salesperson inNov/Dec 2008 for
Boots, and Tents andrank according to type and monthlysales by
type
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Analytical Functions are allowed inORDER BY clause
PARTITIONORDER BY
May not be the clearest of codeQuery column name
Sort order from clause
ORDER BY
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on all employees salaries bydepartment and
sort by their rankingwithin the department
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Aggregate ValuesYou can RANK on an aggregate valueAvoids using
subquery to generateaggregate value and then applyingfunction
RANK() OVER
ORDER BY (SUM(SALARY) DESC)
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on the total salary in eachdepartment and
rank by total salary
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Multiple FunctionsEach function is applied according to itsown
clauseMultiple partitions can be used in asingle statement
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SQL*Plus DemoReport on employee salary and rank bydepartment and
job title
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Other ValueLAG previous valueLEAD subsequent valueFIRST first
value in order
LAST last value in order
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Lag/LeadFind a value in a row before/after thecurrent row
LAG/LEAD(expression)Expression can be data or function
Optional ParametersOffset relative position (default is 1)
Default value if offset not in partition(default is NULL)
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat is the monthly difference in salesfor Allison
Dietrich in 2007?What is the monthly difference in salesfor Henry
Parry and Allison Dietrich in2007?What is the difference in monthly
sales
from Allison Dietrich compared to theprevious year?
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WindowingRange of rows relative to the currentrow
Default is all rows in result setDynamic based on row or
data
1 per functionMultiple windows per statement
Will not span a partition boundary
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat were the 2007 monthly sales forAllison
Dietrich and what was runningtotal for the year?What were the 2007
monthly sales forAllison Dietrich and what was the 3month average
(the current month is
the mid point)?
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Employee Month Sales Average Sales--------------------
---------- ------------- -------------
Allison Dietrich 01-JAN-07 $68,758,209 $63,779,320 Allison
Dietrich 01-FEB-07 $58,800,431 $59,911,777 Allison Dietrich
01-MAR-07 $52,176,691 $54,751,431 Allison Dietrich 01-APR-07
$53,277,171 $54,504,683 Allison Dietrich 01-MAY-07 $58,060,187
$57,630,093
Allison Dietrich 01-JUN-07 $61,552,921 $58,068,567 Allison
Dietrich 01-JUL-07 $54,592,592 $61,304,622 Allison Dietrich
01-AUG-07 $67,768,354 $57,979,014 Allison Dietrich 01-SEP-07
$51,576,097 $57,100,083 Allison Dietrich 01-OCT-07 $51,955,799
$52,414,127
Allison Dietrich 01-NOV-07 $53,710,486 $56,141,177 Allison
Dietrich 01-DEC-07 $62,757,245 $53,555,005
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Employee Month Sales Average Sales--------------------
---------- ------------- -------------
Allison Dietrich 01-JAN-07 $68,758,209 $63,779,320 Allison
Dietrich 01-FEB-07 $58,800,431 $59,911,777 Allison Dietrich
01-MAR-07 $52,176,691 $54,751,431 Allison Dietrich 01-APR-07
$53,277,171 $54,504,683 Allison Dietrich 01-MAY-07 $58,060,187
$57,630,093 Allison Dietrich 01-JUN-07 $61,552,921 $58,068,567
Allison Dietrich 01-JUL-07 $54,592,592 $61,304,622 Allison
Dietrich 01-AUG-07 $67,768,354 $57,979,014 Allison Dietrich
01-SEP-07 $51,576,097 $57,100,083 Allison Dietrich 01-OCT-07
$51,955,799 $52,414,127 Allison Dietrich 01-NOV-07 $53,710,486
$56,141,177 Allison Dietrich 01-DEC-07 $62,757,245 $53,555,005
- 10
+1
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Employee Month Sales Average Sales--------------------
---------- ------------- -------------
Allison Dietrich 01-JAN-07 $68,758,209 $63,779,320 Allison
Dietrich 01-FEB-07 $58,800,431 $59,911,777 Allison Dietrich
01-MAR-07 $52,176,691 $54,751,431 Allison Dietrich 01-APR-07
$53,277,171 $54,504,683 Allison Dietrich 01-MAY-07 $58,060,187
$57,630,093 Allison Dietrich 01-JUN-07 $61,552,921 $58,068,567
Allison Dietrich 01-JUL-07 $54,592,592 $61,304,622 Allison Dietrich
01-AUG-07 $67,768,354 $57,979,014 Allison Dietrich 01-SEP-07
$51,576,097 $57,100,083 Allison Dietrich 01-OCT-07 $51,955,799
$52,414,127 Allison Dietrich 01-NOV-07 $53,710,486 $56,141,177
Allison Dietrich 01-DEC-07 $62,757,245 $53,555,005
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+1
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Employee Month Sales Average Sales--------------------
---------- ------------- -------------
Allison Dietrich 01-JAN-07 $68,758,209 $63,779,320 Allison
Dietrich 01-FEB-07 $58,800,431 $59,911,777 Allison Dietrich
01-MAR-07 $52,176,691 $54,751,431 Allison Dietrich 01-APR-07
$53,277,171 $54,504,683 Allison Dietrich 01-MAY-07 $58,060,187
$57,630,093 Allison Dietrich 01-JUN-07 $61,552,921 $58,068,567
Allison Dietrich 01-JUL-07 $54,592,592 $61,304,622 Allison Dietrich
01-AUG-07 $67,768,354 $57,979,014 Allison Dietrich 01-SEP-07
$51,576,097 $57,100,083 Allison Dietrich 01-OCT-07 $51,955,799
$52,414,127 Allison Dietrich 01-NOV-07 $53,710,486 $56,141,177
Allison Dietrich 01-DEC-07 $62,757,245 $53,555,005
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Employee Month Sales Average Sales
-------------------- ---------- ------------- -------------
Allison Dietrich 01-JAN-07 $68,758,209 $63,779,320 Allison Dietrich
01-FEB-07 $58,800,431 $59,911,777 Allison Dietrich 01-MAR-07
$52,176,691 $54,751,431 Allison Dietrich 01-APR-07 $53,277,171
$54,504,683 Allison Dietrich 01-MAY-07 $58,060,187 $57,630,093
Allison Dietrich 01-JUN-07 $61,552,921 $58,068,567 Allison Dietrich
01-JUL-07 $54,592,592 $61,304,622 Allison Dietrich 01-AUG-07
$67,768,354 $57,979,014 Allison Dietrich 01-SEP-07 $51,576,097
$57,100,083 Allison Dietrich 01-OCT-07 $51,955,799 $52,414,127
Allison Dietrich 01-NOV-07 $53,710,486 $56,141,177 Allison
Dietrich 01-DEC-07 $62,757,245 $53,555,005- 10+1
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OffsetDEFAULT equivalent to
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
*Within the PARTITION!
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat were the 2007 monthly sales forAllison
Dietrich and Henry Parry andwhat was running total for the
year?
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Logical OffsetBases the offset on data, not rowcountsUseful if
data is missing
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat were the 2007 monthly sales forAllison
Dietrich and what was the 3month average (the current month isthe
mid point)?
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Filter limitationAnalytical Functions cannot be used tofilter
records
WHERE (filter predicate) is appliedBEFORE functions are
processed
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat were the top 3 Salespeople for2007?
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SELECT
WHERE/joins
GROUP BY/HAVING
Partitioning
Ordering
Windowing
ApplyFunctions
ORDER BY
SELECT name emp_name, SUM(sales_month) year_sales
FROM monthly_sales_person WHERE order_month
BETWEEN '01-JAN-07' AND '01-DEC-07' AND RANK() OVER
(ORDER BY SUM(sales_month) DESC) >= 3
GROUP BY name
RANK() OVER
(ORDER BY SUM(sales_month) DESC)rank
ORDER BY year_sales DESC
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Thenhow can I create a Top NQuery?
Subquery
With WITH **no this is not a typo
WI TH AS ( subquer y)SELECT * FROM
WI TH AS ( subquer y) , AS ( subquer y)
SELECT * FROM
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WITHCreates a named subquerySubquery can be referenced
insubsequent query(ies)
Can be nestedOpinion
Cleaner, easier to read code than multiple
nested inline subqueries Develop using modular approach
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SQL*Plus DemoWhat were the top 3 Salespeople for2007?
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Regular ExpressionsDocumented in SQL reference,
Application Developers Guide -FundamentalsPattern Matching and
Processing
Several different ways to match the samedataLearning Pattern
Matching is critical
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Similar to older functions/conditionLIKE REGEXP_LIKEINSTR
REGEXP_INSTRSUBSTR REGEXP_SUBSTRREPLACE REGEXP_REPLACE
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All about patternsRecognizeDescribeManipulate
Know your dataData drives the pattern
Beware of data that does not fit thepattern
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REGEXP_LIKECondition that evaluates to TRUE or
FALSEWHERE regexp_like ( )No need for % wildcardMatches pattern
anywhere in string
Use to locate data before modifying it
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SQL*Plus DemoLocate employees named Parry or Perry
Locate employees with dd in their name
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Format and OptionsREGEXP_LIKE (string, pattern,
parameters)String character string or character dataPattern
regular expression
Parameters *i case insensitive searchingc case sensitive
searchingn allow . to match newline characterm source string is
multiple linesx ignore whitespace
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Patterns. Any character (one or more)
* 0 or more of the previous? 0 or 1 of the previous
+ 1 or more of the previous^ Beginning of the line$ End of the
line
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{m} Exact m of previous
{m,} M or more of previous{m,n} Between m and n of previous
[] Characters to match[^] Characters not to match()
Group/sub-expression of characters| Or
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SQL*Plus DemoLocate employees with h in their name
Locate employees with h surrounded byat least one character one
each sideLocate employees whose name startswith hLocate employees
whose name ends with
h
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Locate employees whose name starts
with THLocate employees whose name startswith T or HLocate
employees with ll in their nameLocate employees with ll in their
name,
but exclude lly
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Matching ListsA-Z
a-z0-9a-zA-Z0-9
UPPERCASE alpha lowercase alpha Numbers Alphanumeric
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Character Classes[:alpha:]
[:lower:][:upper:][:digit:][:alnum:][:cntrl:]
Alphabetic lowercase alpha UPPERCASE alpha Numbers Alphanumeric
Control
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Finding PatternsLocate comments with Phone Numbers
US 10 numbers (3 3 4)Variable formats( 783) 555- 2327
872. 555. 8730872 555 8730
3245558728
What is the pattern?
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Lets build the pattern to match
Numeric format 3 3 4[0-9]{3} [0-9]{3} [0-9]{4}[[:digit:]]{3}
[[:digit:]]{3} [[:digit:]]{4}
What about between the
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What about between thenumbers?
( 783) 555- 2327
872. 555. 8730872 555 8730
3245558728
(\(| )###(\)| |.)###(-| |.)####
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? Match 0 or 1
{0,} Match 0 or more( 783) 555- 2327872. 555. 8730
872 555 87303245558728
(\(| )?###(\)| |.)?###(-| |.)?####(\(| ){0,}###(\)|
|.){0,}###(-| |.){0,}####
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SQL*Plus DemoFind all the order comments that
contain a US telephone number
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REGEXP_SUBSTRReturn parts of a string based on the
patternVery similar to SUBSTRCompliment to REGEXP_LIKE
You can see what you match
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(string, pattern, position, occurrence,
parameters)String character string or character dataPattern
regular expression
Position place to start in the stringOccurrence which occurrence
of thepattern to replace
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SQL*Plus DemoFind all the US telephone numbers in
order comments
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Positions and OccurrencesStart searching at Y position
Default is 1-N is not supported
Match the Nth occurrenceDefault is 1-N is not supported
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SQL*Plus DemoFind the second occurrence of the
pattern . NNN Find the first occurrence of thepattern . NNN
after character 47
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REGEXP_INSTRReturn location of a string based on the
patternVery similar to INSTRReturn option is different
Compliment to REGEXP_LIKEYou can see where you match
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(string, pattern, position, occurrence,
return_option, parameters)String character string or character
dataPattern regular expression
Position place to start in the stringOccurrence which occurrence
of thepattern to replace
Return Option return the first (0) or last(1) character position
of the pattern
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SQL*Plus DemoFind the starting position of the
telephone numbersFind the ending position of thetelephone
numbers
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REGEXP_REPLACEReplaces parts of a string based on the
patternVery powerful!First introduction to regular
expressions
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(string, pattern, replace_string,
position, occurrence, parameters)String character string or
character dataPattern regular expression
Replace_string character string to use asreplacementPosition
place to start in the string
Occurrence which occurrence of thepattern to replace
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SQL*Plus DemoReplace multiple spaces in comments
with single spaces
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Daniel Fink
www. opt i mal dba. comdani el . f i [email protected] i mal dba. com
