UK Research Activities on Advanced Distribution Automationgrouper.ieee.org/groups/td/dist/da/doc/IEEE GM 2005... · DTI Programme • UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) fund

IEEE PES General Meeting 2005 – San Francisco, June 2005

UK Research Activities on Advanced Distribution

Automation

Dr. Graham Ault


Outline

• Introduction and Background (ADA vs. ANM)• UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in ANM• UK Research & Development Activities in ANM• Future Directions for ANM in the UK


Introduction and Background

Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) vs.

Active Network Management (ANM)


Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA)

• Takes existing network automation further• Main focus is on system reliability• Addresses key utility drivers in the US and UK:

– Distribution reliability– Capital and operating cost control– Customer focused operation– Connection of distributed and renewable generation

• Primary and secondary system solutions


Active Network Management (ANM)• Focused on the economic integration of distributed

and renewable resources into distribution networks• Focused on secondary system solutions • Seeks to overcome barriers to generation connection:

– Power flows– Voltage control– Fault level

• ‘Real-time control of generation, load, storage and network devices based on real-time measurements, communications and control’


UK Nationally Coordinated Activities in Active Network

Management (ANM)


Distribution Sector Working Groups (WS3 and WS5)

• DTI/Ofgem sponsored technical work groups commissioned to investigate ANM solutions

• ‘Best practice’ guides and ETRs published to promote ANM solutions

• Distribution network operators encouraged to consider these options in DG connection planning


UK Technical Architecture Project

• Established as a UK power sector activity by the IEE

• Remit to undertake research and development work to address future power system needs addressing the issues:– Distributed Energy Resources– Asset Renewal– Liberalised Market Frameworks– Lower Carbon Energy Systems– Efficient, Cost Effective Solutions


UK Technical Architecture Project

• Identify and propose network development strategies facilitating the efficient planning, connection and operation of:– Current and future generation technologies– Static and responsive demand– Energy storage devices– Network auxiliary plant and equipment


UK SuperGen Initiative

• UK Research Councils funded programmes in several areas of power generation, networks and end-use:– Networks; Biomass /Biofuels; Marine Power;

Hydrogen technology; Photovoltaics; Conventionalpower plant lifetime extension; Fuel cell technologies; Energy storage; Distributed power systems.

• Several aspects of microgrids, minigrids and system automation and system management being addressed.


UK SuperGen Initiative

• ‘Future Network Technologies’ and ‘Highly Distributed Power Systems’ consortia tackle network management and automation issues:– Microgrid control– Adaptive protection– DG management– Responsive demand– ‘Cell’ based control of multiple resources


DG Incentive, RPZ and IFI

• Distributed Generation Incentive: 1.5£/kW/yr for for all additional DG connected

• Registered Power Zones: additional 3£/kW/yr for innovative solutions to DG connection

• Innovation Funding Incentive: 0.5% of revenue for technological development and demonstration

• Active Network Management is a key area of distribution company plans for innovation expenditure


DTI Programme

• UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) fund technological development related to network management and DG

• ANM has been a key area in recent years• Focused funding for ANM within newly launched

programme


UK Research & Development Activities in ANM

Active Management Concepts Development:• Power Flow Management• Voltage Control


• Two 33 kV submarine cables from the mainland: 30 MVA and 20 MVA.

• 7 MW min / 31.5 MW max load.

• 26 MW firm generation.

• 20 MW non firm (I/T) generation.

• Further generation needs to be load / generation following.

• Network Capacity 71.5MW.

• ≈ 25 MW of potential managed generation capacity.

G

G

GG

RG

G

R

RR

RGNormally Open Point

G

G

SVC

NORTHHOY

BURGARHILL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESS

ST. MARY’S

STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

SANDAYEDAY

WESTRAY

ROUSAY

THURSOGRID

FLOTTA

LYNESS

Background to Orkney Active Power Flow Management Scheme


• Q compensation solves voltage issues, no fault level issues

• Thermal capacity of network optimised with an operating margin

• Logic control based on measurement of primary system parameters

• Digital Radio for communications• Ensures network security and

operational flexibility for the DNO

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

BURGARHILL

Normally Open Point

ST. MARY’S

STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

SANDAY

EDAY

WESTRAY

ROUSAY

THURSOGRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS

Orkney Core

Zone 3

Zone 4

Zone 2

Zone 1

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

BURGARHILL

Normally Open Point

ST. MARY’S

STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

SANDAY

EDAY

WESTRAY

ROUSAY

THURSOGRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS

Orkney Core

Zone 3

Zone 4

Zone 2

Zone 1

Concept for Orkney Active Management Scheme


Additional Renewable Capacity Result Energy Output from Scheme (MWh/MW connected)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

47 55.5 64 72.5 81 89.5 98

106.5 11

512

3.5 132

140.5 14

915

7.5 166

Generation connected (MW)

MW

h/M

W c

onne

cted

CapacityFactor

CoincidentallyconstrainedNNFG output

OM1

OM2

Trip Max Load

Trip Min Load

Trim Max Load

Trim Min Load

Operating Margin

107

32

108

32

21


Voltage Constrained DG onSimple Distribution Network

GSP

EG

Distribution Network6 bus system

1

2

3 4

9.1 MW 1.8 MVR

5 6

6.0 MW-2.0 MVR

3.3 MW 0.6 MVR 1.009 pu

-3.96 Deg

0.983 pu -5.22 Deg

0.972 pu -5.98 Deg

1.045 pu 0.00 Deg

1.031 pu -1.66 Deg

1.014 pu -3.15 Deg

13.06 MW 3.00 MVR

2.54 MW 1.70 MVR

9.18 MW 1.94 MVR

5.88 MW 1.08 MVR

0.27 MW

0.12 MW

0.08 MW

0.04 MW

0.36 MVR 0.14 MVR

0.03 MVR 0.14 MVR

31.50 MW6.30 MVR

3.6 MW 0.7 MVR 42.36 MW

14.29 MVR

3.28 MVR

0.35 MW

1.01

44.71 MVA

13.40 MVA

3.06 MVA

9.28 MVA

6.07 MVA

DG

Note: worst case is defined maximum generation and maximum load,producing the greatest divergence in voltages on the two feeders.

Courtesy of Univ. Manchester – partners of Univ. Strathclyde in UK DTICentre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Electrical Energy


Annual Voltage Profile

0.970.980.99

11.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.08

0

730

1460

2190

2920

3650

4380

5110

5840

6570

7300

8030

8760

Time (hour)

Volta

ge (p

.u.)



Voltage Limits Applied

0.970.980.99

11.011.021.031.041.051.061.071.08

0

730

1460

2190

2920

3650

4380

5110

5840

6570

7300

8030

8760

Time (hour)

Volta

ge (p

.u.)



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Embedded wind generation penetration (MW)

Ener

gy (M

Wh)

Generation curtailedNet generation

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20


Ener

gy (M

Wh)


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20


Ener

gy (M

Wh)


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20


Ener

gy (M

Wh)


Act

ive

disp

atch

onl

y

Rea

ctiv

e po

wer

mgm

t.

Are

a ba

sed

OLT

C c

ontro

l

OLT

C +

Vol

tage

regu

lato

r


Future Directions for ANM in the UK


Future Directions

• NOW – Automation of primary substations and some MV feeders

• 2010 – Roll out of feeder automation and active generation management

• 2020 – Integrated approaches to MV network automation and generation management

• 2030 – Further integration of network and generation management with load and storage management in area-based active management schemes.


Key Technologies for Active Networks

• Responsive generation • Responsive demand• Power electronics• Distribution automation• Communications• Energy storage


Conclusions


Conclusions• Strong parallels between distribution automation

and active network management exist• Substantial programmes of research, development

and demonstration for active network management are underway

• Active network management offers the prospect for more economic integration of renewables into power systems

• Integrated network automation and generation management possible in future

Documents

UK Research Activities on Advanced Distribution Automationgrouper.ieee.org/groups/td/dist/da/doc/IEEE GM 2005... · DTI Programme • UK Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) fund