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UK Automotive Industry
Lawrence Davies MBE
Chief Advisor – Automotive Team
Department for International Trade
Department for International Trade (DIT)
2
Automotive Team: Growing investment into the automotive supply chain and helping UK
companies to export by:
• Working with UK manufacturers to identify which components are sourced from overseas, and
encouraging suppliers of these components to invest in UK facilities
• Promoting R&D opportunities to help inward investment and keep the UK at the cutting edge of
global automotive innovation
• Help to set up new businesses by identifying locations for manufacturing facilities, company
offices, visas and recruitment
• Work with our overseas network to identify export opportunities and support UK companies to
attend overseas events and missions.
LCV/CAM 2019: DIT Delegation of prospective buyers and investors from 12 markets representing
27 organisations looking for new opportunities and partnerships.
DIT
Export Investment
Trade Policy &
Negotiations GREAT CampaignUK Export
Finance
DIT helps businesses export, drives inward and outward investment, negotiates
market access and trade deals, and champions free trade.
| 4
Phil Killingley
Deputy Head, OLEV
The Road to Zero Emissions Transport
Glasgow
Friday 23rd August
| 5
Our
mission…and for all new cars and
vans to be effectively zero
emission by 2040
“To put the UK at the
forefront of the design and
manufacturing of zero
emission vehicles...
May 2018
”
| 6
• UK Government’s July 2018
strategy
• £1.5bn funding over 2015-2021
• Upcoming Spending review
| 7
2040
target
“We will end the sale of new
conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040”
“The majority (50%+) of new cars and vans to be 100% zero emission”
“All new cars and vans to have significant zero emission capability”
| 8
We have set out a timetable to 2030
2030
50-70% new car sales ultra-low
emission
Up to 40% for vans
Estimate mid-2020s Price parity with conventional vehicles
| 9
2.6% market share – cars in 2018
~0.5% market share vans
Over 2,000 ULEV taxis on UK streets
Over 20,000 public chargepoints, of which 2000 rapids
Over 100,000 domestic chargepoints
Supporting 36 councils to install on-street charging
Progress on vehicles and infrastructure
| 10
Thank you
Visit us at the Government Pavilion to
find out more!
The UK and connected and autonomous vehicles 11
Regulation, Research & Development funding, Testbed ecosystem
12September 19
CAV Regulation
13September 19
Research and Development
14September 19
UK AUTODRIVE (Completed)
GATEWAY (completed)
VENTURER
(completed)STREETWISE HUMANDRIVE
ROBOPILOT DRIVEN FLOURISH INSIGHT SYNERGY
CAPRI T-CABs MultiCAV SHIFT
On Highway
Off Highway
Testing Ecosystem
15September 19
The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
Driving to a zero-emissions future
The most experienced and respected sustainable mobility
partnership in the UK, bringing government, industry and
the widest range of expert stakeholders together to shape
the future of low and zero-emissions transport.
The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
• We’ve provided vital input and support to critical government taskforces and initiatives.
• We’ve initiated and contributed to key policies.
• We’ve published significant reports and guidelines to help industry and government.
• We are always engaging with members & stakeholders.
The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
Senior Policy Teams
Government
Supply Industry
(automotive & energy)
Experts, Academics
Testing, Evidence, Analysis
End Users
The Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership
The time to change transport is now.Join us and help shape the future.
LowCVP.org.uk/join
APC SLIDES - DAN
Innovate UK - the Future of Mobility
September 2019
Innovate UK – part of UK Research and Innovation
The UK’s innovation agencyWe drive growth by de-risking, enabling and
supporting innovation to make businesses and their products a commercial success
£
Land Transport – Grant Focus Areas (last 12 months)
£65 million
£60 million
£25 million£2 million
£10 million
£20 million
£40 million £23 million
Connected & Autonomous VehiclesCyber security feasibility studies
- A competition open until 25th September to support a number of feasibility studies to investigate new methods and facilities for developing and assuring cyber security of connected vehicles within the road environment and autonomous vehicles.
- Projects must inform an intended future
- Cyber facility competition and outline future test and development services (both physical and virtual)
- Upto 5 projects with upto £400k each.
- Project duration is 3 months, starting 1st
Jan 2020.
The Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund is part of government’s Industrial Strategy, the long-term plan to raise productivity and earning power in the UK.
The fund is a core pillar in the government’s commitment to increase funding in research and development by £4.7 billion over 4 years to strengthen UK science and business.
It will invest in the world-leading research base and highly-innovative businesses to address the biggest industrial and societal challenges today.
What are the challenges?The challenges have been informed by industry and are where:• we already have world-leading research and businesses that are ready to innovate• the global market is large or fast-growing and sustainable
ISCF (Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund)
‘Application-inspired’ research programme coordinated at national scale
Creation of the Faraday Institution –responsible for coordination of research and training programmes
Four initial projects announced Jan 2018 (£42m) – Battery Degradation, Multi-scale Modelling, Recycling, Solid State Batteries
Five further projects (£55m total) announced Sep 2019 for: Next generation Li-ion cathodes; Electrode manufacturing; Next generation Na-ion batteries; Beyond Li-ion
Innovation programme to support business-led collaborative R&D with co-investment from industry
Address technical challenges and build UK supply chain
£38 million committed in Round 1 (2017) to Collaborative R&D and Feasibility Study projects– projects addressing range of areas from cell materials to pack integration and BMS to recycling
£22 million Round 2 to 12 CR&D and Feasibility Study projects announced in June 2018
Round 3 announced June 2019 with £23 million awarded to 25 CR&D and Feasibility Study projects.
Scale up programme to allow companies of all sizes to rapidly move new battery technologies to market
Develop manufacturing tools and methods for mass production
Demonstrate production-rate reliability and quality
CWLEP & WMG building open-access scale up facility: UK Battery Industrialisation Centre
Construction of the building well underway. Open March 2020.
Research: £78m Scale: £108mInnovate: £88m& &
i£274 million (2017-2021) Advisory Group, Programme Board
ISCF Faraday Battery Challenge
Challenge Director
’Driving the Electric Revolution will be the catalyst to building £5bn more Power Electronics, Motors and Drives (PEMD) products in the UK by 2025, encouraging industry across 7 sectors to invest and collaborate with academia to establish a PEMD supply chain.’
Driving the Electric Revolution
Driving the Electric Revolution: £80m investment supporting innovation and supply chains across 7 sectors
Supply Chain
Development
Build new supply chain to support increase in
electrification demand
Build UK SME’s into credible Tier 1s and Tier 2s
Materials to
Manufacturing
Covering full PEMD lifecycle from new
materials to manufacturing
Driving innovation beyond our international
competitors
Training and
Skills
Meeting industry requirements for PEMD
specialists
Retraining, technical and dedicated PEMD degree
programmes
Developing World
Leading Facilities
Prototyping and Scale-Up
Consolidating international leadership in UK academic
base
Focused across
all Sectors
Maximise productivity
Enable cross fertilisation
Secure sufficient capacity
Enhancing UK strengths to lead the world
Supply Chain
Development
Materials to
Manufacturing
Training and
Skills
Developing World
Leading FacilitiesFocused across
all Sectors
3 Regional Centres (£36m ISCF) utilising existing clusters of UK expertise and infrastructure:
• Each focussed around specific problem spaces (for example advanced manufacturing processes)
• Incorporating co-located, cross-sector research, equipment and £8m of training
Accelerated Supply Chain Development (£19m ISCF) to fill key gaps in the innovation pipeline:
• Focus on cross-sectoral projects, complimenting existing CR&D funds
• Examples: Materials, Manufacturing, Simulation, Life Cycle Analysis, Systems Integration, Supply chain mapping/design
High Efficiency, High Volume Supply Chains (£10.5m ISCF), delivering cross sector high volume UK supply chain opportunity:
• Hard focus on 2025 target to build £5bn additional PEMD products, 40% local content
• Engage supply chain organisations to develop innovative and differentiated production methods optimising productivity.
Low Volume, High Value Supply Chains and Tier N development (£10m ISCF); longer term, niche markets, SME growth:
• Design and development of flexible low/medium volume manufacturing facilities and supply chains
• Delivery of cost effective toolkits for production control, business improvement supplier network development
Challenge implementation
- £19m currently available for supply chain focused projects
- 12 month supply chain projects to fill gaps in the UK supply chain
-Competition open until 25th September
- Further details available online at www.innovateuk.gov.uk
Funding: Accelerated Supply Chain development
Matt Boyle - Interim Challenge Director
Neale Ryan – Interim Deputy Challenge Director
Martyn Cherrington - Innovation Lead
Driving the Electric Revolution:
Meet the challenge team at CENEX LCV
ISCF Manufacturing Made Smarter
~ £138 million
Challenge aims to ensure the long term prosperity of UK Manufacturing, raising total productivity by 30%, making the UK a global leader of the 4th Industrial Revolution and delivering clean growth.
The Challenge:• Provides UK focal point for 4th industrial
revolution
• Focuses on fusion of industrial digital technologies (IDTs)
• Cross sector challenge – discrete & process manufacturing, deep tech
• Targets early adopters of IDTs incl. supply chains and SMEs
• Builds on UK excellence in digital tech
Smart connected factory
Connected and versatile supply chain
Design, make, testAdaptable, flexible
manufacturing operations and
Key Themes
ISCF - Transforming Foundation
Industries
~ £66 millionTransform the UK’s Foundation Industries so that they are internationally competitive in manufacturing products vital for our economy in an environmentally sustainable way:
Challenge area will cover 4 Themes that address the Inputs, Process, Outputs and cross cutting themes:
- Sustainable supply chain: Reducing the direct resource use
- Next generation processes: Developing advanced processing technologies
- Advanced resource efficient materials: Developing new materials that lower the embedded energy
- Addressing cross cutting challenges: Cross cutting themes
Future Leaders Fellowships schemeThe £857m UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship scheme (FLF) aims to
develop, retain, attract and sustain research and innovation talent in the
UK. Providing up to seven years of funding, for at least 550 early-career
researchers and innovators, the scheme will tackle difficult and novel
challenges.
• A cross-UK Research and Innovation scheme now inviting business
participation.
• The programme provides a grant for any business to develop and
drive the leadership potential of an existing employee through a
challenging innovation or research project.
• Funding available (up to £1.2m over 4 years) to cover salaries and
critical operational costs, with the business contribution between 30-
50%.
• Scheme aims to award 200 new grants each year across business
and academia.
See more on the UKRI website here: http://www.ukri.org/funding/funding-opportunities/future-
leaders-fellowships/business
Outlines:OPEN 2nd SeptemberCLOSE 8th October
Full applications:OPEN 12th SeptemberCLOSE 7th November
More information can be found on the FLF webpage.
38
Open (Smart) funding
- open funding enables businesses to apply for grant funding regardless of technical or industrial area of focus
- funding is offered to businesses that submit the best proposals in a competitive application process
- 5 open competitions run in 2018/19, each offering £20 million funding
For businesses in any sector
Paul Holt, founder, Photocentric
Innovation loans
39
For businesses on the edge of greatness
We are running a pilot programme of loan competitions
until the end of 2019. The programme aims to ensure that
businesses can access funding at all stages of innovation.
Up to £50 million available for business innovation projects near to market
Offered through competitions to UK SMEs that want to scale up by developing new services
Can be used for late-stage R&D projects not yet at the point of commercialisation
Delivered by Innovate UK Loans Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Innovate UK
Knowledge TransferPartnerships (KTP)
40KTP partners Professor Udo Kruschwitz, Dr Miguel Martinez-Alvarez and David Benigson
- KTPs help UK businesses innovateand grow by linking them with an academic or research organisationand a graduate
- a KTP enables a business to bringin new skills and academic thinking
- the academic or research organisationpartner will help to recruit a suitable graduate
- schemes last between 12 and 36 months
UK Research and Innovation strength in places fund: Wave 2 EoI
Supporting innovation-led relative regional growth by identifying and supporting areas of R&D strengths that are:
• driving clusters of businesses across a range of sizes that have potential to innovate, or to adopt new
technologies;
• in order that those clusters will become nationally and internationally competitive.
Enhance local collaborations involving research and innovation. Building on the underpinning regional economic
impact role of universities, research institutes, Catapults and other R&D facilities
42
Catapult centres
Fostering innovation to drive economic growth
- established and overseen by Innovate UK
- part of a network of technology and innovation centres
- bridge the gap between businesses, academia, research and government
- transforming the UK’s ability to create new products and services
- ensure global opportunities for the UK and sustained economic growth for the future
43
KTN is a network partner of Innovate UK. It helps businesses get the best out of creativity, ideas and the latest discoveries to strengthen the UK economy and improve people’s lives.
KTN links new ideas and opportunities from all sectors with expertise, markets and finance through a network of businesses, universities, funders and investors.
Knowledge TransferNetwork (KTN)
Find markets.
Find solutions.
Find funding.
KTN supported clean-tech company FeTu
44
Enterprise Europe Network is part of Innovate UK’s connecting network. It helps growing businesses to:
- manage innovation, commercialise great ideas and grow
- access long-term finance from the publicand private sectors
- connect to a network of advisors spanningmore than 60 countries
- connect to partners to develop products or services
- expand into new countries with helpfrom local experts
Enterprise Europe NetworkFor growing, innovative businesses
All funding opportunities can be found at IUK’s competitions webpage at -https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/innovate-uk
Advice from the experts – speak to the KTN and EENhttps://www.gov.uk/guidance/innovation-get-support-and-advice
Social media – visibility of new funding announcements and latest news
Talk to IUK and LCV – Visit us at the Gov. stand
Thank you
More Information
Innovate UK Land Transport Staff at LCV CAM
Paul Gadd - Interim dep. director, land transport, manufacturing and materials: [email protected]
David Tozer – (Interim) head of land transport: [email protected]
Neale Ryan – Driving the electric revolution challenge: [email protected]
Richard Morris – Connected & autonomous vehicles: [email protected]
Rav Babbra – CAV & low emission vehicles: [email protected]
Marco Landi – Vehicle to grid & EV charging: [email protected]
Francesca Iudicello – Low emission vehicles: [email protected]
Anna Wise – Faraday battery challenge: [email protected]
Steve Sopp – APC relationship manager: [email protected]
Katherine Fergusson - Impact and Performance Manager: [email protected]
Michael Fritchley - Impact and Performance Manager: [email protected]
Oyebola Bello – Programme manager, Faraday battery challenge: [email protected]
Innovate UK
July 2019
BREAK
THOMAS STEFFEN: SMART CHARGING AND
THE EFFICIENT MARKET Thomas Steffen
with contributions from Sagar Mody,
Will Mitchell, Anujoy Bardhan
50
INTRODUCTION: THE CASE FOR SMART CHARGING
50
http://www.nist.gov/itl/antd/emntg/images/DS_and_CS_2.jpg
Electricity is a Real Time Market.
Smart Grid Provides:
• Incentives for Demand Shifting
• Reduction of Demand Spikes
In 2030, we will have 13 Million BEVs and
PHEVs on the road.
Peak demand: 8 GW
Unmanaged, this would be in the evening peak
(7pm).
Generation power with V2G: 100 GW !
But EVs will also provide 150 GWh of storage
(compared to 27GWh of pump storage).
The research for using this has been done.
Some of our examples:
Mody, S., & Steffen, T. (2015). Optimal Charging of Electric
Vehicles using a Stochastic Dynamic Programming Model and
Price Prediction. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars -
Electronic and Electrical Systems
Mody, S., & Steffen, T. (2013). Optimal Charging of EVs in a Real
Time Pricing Electricity Market. SAE International Journal of
Alternative Powertrains
51
OPPORTUNITIES OF SMART CHARGINGBy Timescale
Timescale Effect Opportunity
Milliseconds Harmonics & Power Quality Excellent
Seconds Frequency Stability Excellent
Hours Peak Shifting Very Good
Days Demand Shifting Maybe
Weeks “Dunkelflaute” Partial: PHEVs only
52
FREQUENCY STABILITY (9 AUGUST POWER OUTAGES)
Interim Report into the Low Frequency Demand
Disconnection (LFDD) following Generator Trips and
Frequency Excursion on 9 Aug 2019, 16th August 2019
National Grid / OFGEM
53
• Pick the cheapest time to charge
• Typically during the middle of the night
• Saves money
• Good for the grid
DAILY PRICE DIFFERENTIAL
54
DUNKELFLAUTE: JANUARY 2017
55
Charging
Network
OEMManufacturer
=
STAKEHOLDERS & PARTICULAR INTERESTS
GenerationNational
GridGeneration
Wholesale
Market
DNOs
Retail
Electricity
CompaniesCharger VehicleDNOs Site
OwnerDriver
Manufacturer OEM
Site
Owner
Charging
Network
56
MODEL 1: REGULATION
• Set minimum standards
• Enshrine collective interest
• Requirements for type approval
• Familiar mechanism
• But not without issues
• Slow & inflexible
• The customer has no benefit http://soberlook.com/2009/07/fork-in-road.html
57
MODEL 2: FREE MARKET
• Real Time Prices for retail customers
• Customer stays in control
• Car or charger can respond to changing prices
• From 5 minute response time
• (Potential discounts for frequency stability)
• Does it scale?
USA is moving ahead
58
MODEL 3: AGGREGATORS
• Charging of many vehicles is controlled by one aggregator company
• The aggregator acts as a “virtual power plant” on the wholesale market
• Some of the savings are paid to the customer
• The customer is not in control
59
CONCLUSION
We do not have much time.
By 2025, we need to decide on one model.
It is hard to see a compromise –and the choice is important.
Sweden will have to act sooner.
The USA are (nearly) ready.
If you have an idea, let me know.
Thomas Steffen, lboro.ac.uk
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER AS ONE PATH TO A
ZERO EMISSIONS FUTUREDr. Leslie R. Adrian
61
IT’S PROBLEMATIC
We have 12 years to save the planet.
• UN IPCC 2018 Report states that Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate.
• Pathways limiting global warming to 1.5°C with no or limited overshoot would require rapid and far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban and infrastructure (including transport and buildings), and industrial systems
62
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
14.0%
16.0%
18.0%
20.0%
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
CO2 EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT
Transport % Transport ktCO2
EVS TO THE RESCUE
• Transport is responsible for 17% of all CO2 emissions in Europe
EV INTRODUCTION
63
0
20
40
60
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2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
CO2 EMMISSIONS FROM NEW PASSENGER CARS
2015 target for new passenger cars (130gCO2/km)2020 target for new passenger cars (95 gCO2/km)
Average CO2 emissions from new petrolpassenger cars
EVS TO THE RESCUE!
• Transport is responsible for 17% of CO2 emissions
• CO2 emissions from new vehicles are falling but not fast enough
EV INTRODUCTION
64
0
10
20
30
40
50
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80
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017%
ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES
EU 28 UK Norway
EVS TO THE RESCUE!
• Transport responsible for
• CO2 emissions from new vehicles are falling but not fast enough
• Energy production from renewable resources is increasing but not in transport
EV INTRODUCTION
65
EVS TO THE RESCUE!
• Transport responsible for
• CO2 emissions from new vehicles are falling but not fast enough
• Energy production from renewable resources is increasing but not in transport
• Austria and Sweden are the only two Member States which have already reached the goal of a 10 % share of energy from renewable sources in transport by 2020.
EV INTRODUCTION
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
%
ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES IN TRANSPORT
United Kingdom EU 28 Norway
66
EVS TO THE RESCUE!
Electric vehicles are currently the only viable alternative.
• First electric cars in 1902
• First mainstream EVs in 2008
• Now Plug-in vehicle sales in Europe reached 259 000 units in the first half of 2019, 34 % higher than for 2018
• Sales expected to reach 540 000 units in 2019.
• Still actual sales have not reached required targets.
67
EVS TO THE RESCUE!
Electric vehicles are currently the only viable alternative.
• There were 55 thousand BEVs in 2018, lagging 20% behind the sales predictions
• The differences are larger in other countries: e.g. Germany planned 1Milion EVs on the road by 2020.
0
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2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018th
ou
san
d
BEV SALES IN GREAT BRITAIN
Battery Electric Vehicles Sales Predictions (2014)
68
WIRELESS CHARGING
How WPT would help EV sales
69
WIRELESS CHARGING
Wireless charging was supposed to be one of the means how to stimulate EV sales by making the charging process automatic and hassle free
How WPT would help EV sales
• In our recent InnovateUKproject Lesla established that:
around 50% of both EV users and people considering to buy an EV responded, that the option of wireless charging could be somewhat important, when choosing from different types of EV charging solutions.
with 16% stating that wireless charging ability could be very important
36% 32% 32%21%
38% 40%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Unlikely topurchase
Maybe Likely topurchase
Perceived attractiveness of EV
Without wireless charging
With wirerelss charging
*Source: EU Fabric project
70
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?SO, WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?.
• Wireless charging already in plans since 2014.
• First prototypes have already been available for 5 years
• To date ? Absolute failure
71
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
TOO EXPENSIVE
72
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
TOO EXPENSIVE
CAR MANUFACTURERS INTERESTS:
• The feature has to sell the car
• The 5% rule of thumb:
A charger cannot cost more than 5% of vehicle costs
£0
£500
£1,000
£1,500
£2,000
£2,500
£3,000
£3,500
£4,000
£4,500
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
12
30
0
16
40
0
20
50
0
24
60
0
28
70
0
32
80
0
36
90
0
41
00
0
45
10
0
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20
0
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30
0
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40
0
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50
0
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0
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0
77
90
0
82
00
0
2018 Car sales distribution by price
Share of vehicles Max charger price level
73
86% 13%
2%
PERCEIVED ATTRACTIVENESS OF EV
Yes, if the prices aresimilar to cablecharging
No, I don't wantwireless charging
Yes, at current prices
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
TOO EXPENSIVE
• The feature has to sell the car
• The 5% rule of thumb:
A charger cannot cost more than 5% of vehicle costs
/Toyota motors/
88% of all EV users would consider installing wireless chargers. However only 2% would do that at the current market prices.
74
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
WHAT ABOUT THE RICH?
• Premium prices can be paid for
Convenience
Status
75
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
Existing Wireless chargers are INCONVENIENT
• the existing chargers demand tolerance for inaccurate vehicle parking: +/- 5 cm (2”).
The real life parking accuracy varies +/- 50 cm
• “To hit the right spot I have been forced to reverse back and forth many times to start the charging”.
• /Respondent in Sweden, WiCH project/.
76
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
INCONVENIENT
The initial excitement disappeared after trying the wireless charging in real life.
75%88%
68%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Cable Initial WPTintroduction
After WPT use
PERCEIVED ATTRACTIVENESS OF EV
77
WHY HAS WIRELESS CHARGING FAILED?
WHAT ABOUT AUTOMATED PARKING?
78
PARADIGM SHIFT
We need to change the way we think about wireless charging solutions.
Up until now the focus has been on Transmitter efficiency.
Therefore the products are very efficient but no one buys them.
A paradigm shift is absolutely necessary.
IS WIRELESS CHARGING DOOMED?
Paradigm change needed
79
PARADIGM SHIFT
• The product (wireless charging) must be:
Priced for mass adoption
More convenient than the alternative (cable)
• The charging efficiency must be reasonable and the energy should come, where possible from renewables
• The product must be resource-efficient and recyclable
TOWARDS A GREEN FUTURE NOW
80
PARADIGM SHIFTAFFORDABLE AND CONVENIENT
• Lesla has developed a technology that automates frequency and phase adjustments between the charging pad and the car, which greatly reduces the need for expensive electronics.
• Combined with high frequency operation, Lesla has decreased standalone charger price levels to 500-600 GBP, which is around the same as the price of an ordinary cable charging system.
LESLA LOW COST CHARGING SYSTEM
• As only one rectifier is needed for multiple charger coils, Lesla can build large charging arrays with only a modest increase in price.
• The cell array system is self-positioning and of modular construction. The need for precise parking is no longer an issue for the drivers, they can park as they please, without worrying about how precisely over the charger they are.
STANDALONE AND ARRAY CHARGING
81
PARADIGM SHIFTEFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Use of green renewable energy for EVs is essential especially to compensate for charging efficiency
The small energy losses do not create pollution
Additional increase of EVs on the road will save millions of tons of GHG emissions
WIRELESS CHARGING AND SOLAR CAR PORTS
We are working in co-operation with Solisco on
wireless charging using solar car ports.
• Predicted 34 Million EVs by 2040 in the UK
• Each EV saves 11301 GBP during 14 year lifespan
• Possible 7% increase in purchase likelihood
• 24.8 billion GBP savings
82
PARADIGM SHIFTResource efficiency and recycling
• Electric vehicles are increasingly using rare-earth materials, inclusive of copper.
• The copper industry estimates the global copper use will increase by 22% because of EVs
USE OF MATERIALS
49
85
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
ICE vehicle Hybrid EV PHEV BEV
lb
USE OF COPPER IN EVs
Copper
83
PARADIGM SHIFTResource efficiency and recycling
• In Traditional wireless chargers the charging pad contains about 20 meters of 5mm diameter copper litz wire wound into a 65cm x 50cm rectangular coil. In total the charger uses around 8 lb of copper.
• It would mean millions of tons of copper would need to be laid into roads to provide EV charging.
USE OF MATERIALS
84
PARADIGM SHIFTConclusions
• Taking into account the urgency of actions required to decrease GHG emissions in transport, it is necessary to make EVs suited for the mass market as soon as possible.
• Wireless chargers may be the way to achieving this goal.
• The uptake of wireless charging and other green technologies by the mass market is more important than getting them perfect. Let’s concentrate on getting it right first.
• The renewable source of energy is as important as the EVs themselves.
• The consumption of non renewables in the pursuit of efficiency is a short term solution at best.
85
THANK YOU!
LESLA LIMITED
Leslie Adrian
+44 (0) 7539474809
Aivars Rubenis
+44 (0) 7521377013
http://www.lesla.co.uk
BREAK
Accelerating UK Engineering Capability through Digital Innovation
RE-ENGINEERING ENGINEERING
LCV - September 2019
Prof. Bradley Yorke-Biggs
IDE UK
WHAT IS THE IDE UK?
The Institute of Digital Engineering UK (IDE) is reborn from what was the Digital Engineering & Test Centre (DETC), initially created in September 2015
Funded by the Government Department of Business, Environment & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and an intrinsic part of the APCs Digital Engineering & Test Spoke and Loughborough University.
A ‘virtual’ Institute enabling and activating a national portfolio of industry relevant projects developing digital solutions to real UK competitive inhibitors.
Responsible for leading the delivery of the Automotive Council Digital Roadmap in Engineering
Focussing initially on Product Engineering in the Automotive sector, yet nurturing natural potential to expand into other sectors
DEFINITIONS
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VISION & MISSION
Establish the UK as a global leader in Digital Engineering
Vision
Double the productivity of the product development process through the adoption of advanced digital capabilities
Mission
PRODUCT ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTAL TO DRIVING VALUE CREATION
It is the bridging capability between science/ technology and manufacturing business/enterprise
Highly influential over markets and industrial solutions
• Choice of systems architectures, production processes and supply chain defined early in the development cycle
• Definition of regulatory framework and subsequent compliance and in-service monitoring matched in complexity
Critical to defining life-time costs and product safety
• >70% of product costs are “locked in” at the concept design stage
• Cost of in-service changes x10,000 times more than early design refinement
Ability to change
Cost of change
Concept Test Launch Manufacture
High
LowDesign Prototype
DIGITAL ENGINEERING
WHAT IS DIGITAL ENGINEERING?
The fusion of advanced digital technologies with best-in-class product engineering capabilities to deliver physical resource intensive processes in a digital environment.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Existing engineering capabilities, based on sequential approaches and extensive physical testing, are incapable of delivering the accelerating complexities of future product. This fundamental shortfall is common across all sectors, and is driven by increasing customer, environmental and legislative demands.
Advanced engineering businesses, and their supply chains, must transform to continue to compete. Natural evolution will fall significantly short of expectation!
Nations that lead this transformation will attract investment from high-value global businesses and foster technical innovation. Those that don’t will risk losing these industries.
The loss of UK product engineering capabilities will have negative long-term implications for all industrial sectors
THE CHALLENGE: EXPONENTIAL COMPLEXITY
VOICE OF INDUSTRY – SHARED CHALLENGESKnowledge Based / Autonomous Systems – With an ageing engineering work force and the new the ‘gig’ economy, OEM’s are recognising the need for robust knowledge management systems to retain and reuse their knowledge.
Customer-centric product creation systems – How can organisations use digital and immersive technology to validate their customers wants and needs earlier in the design process.
Digital Assurance– The correlation between digital models and physical prototypes has never been better, are we at a transition point where trust in the digital models can negate the need for physical proof ?
Decision Management Process – Enduring & authoritative source of truth. Multi-million pound decisions are regularly being made on poor quality inaccurate data. How can better data usage and digital visualisation be used to help?
New Business Models & Closed loop information lifecycle– How can the ‘connected car’ be used to collect and use real world usage data to drive better products and new revenue streams?
Access to the right skills/workforce – Sourcing high quality recruits into the engineering profession is a challenge. Can the use of digital technology help re-invent the profession for a future generation
IDE TECHNOLOGY ‘PETALS’
UNIQUE UK OPPORTUNITY
All sectors involved in complex product engineering face the same challenges. Approximately 80% of the engineering process capability is common.
Leverage UK lead in Fintech, Pharma & Gaming and capitalise of the UK’s rich landscape of digital innovators, start-ups and SME’s.
UK universities and research organisations are active in many associated research topics, providing a source of innovative ideas and direct route for exploitation.
Protect and grow the strong UK automotive supply chain through driving digital co-creation capabilities as well as nurturing next generation digitally enabled SME’s within the UK.
Clear growth opportunity for UK SME’s involved in AI/Machine Learning to provide internationally leading analysis tools and processes.
Leverage globally recognised UK academic powerhouse to support the development and education of a renewed Engineering capability and Sovereign competence.
A Digital Product Development capability will substantially improve R&D productivity
Government support will catalyse cross sector cooperation, accelerate progress and deliver a leading UK competitive position
Accelerating UK Engineering Capability through Digital Innovation
THEME DEVELOPMENT
PEOPLE
PROCESS
TOOLS
ROAD MAP - ROUTE
Culture and Knowledge
Process and Assurance
Digital Instruments
SUB ROUTE
• Skills & Competencies• Knowledge Harvesting• Digital Readiness• Intellectual Property
• V Process Thought Leadership• Co-creation – Digital Tapestry across discipline,
synchronised supply chain, engaged customer• Decision Management• Verification & Validation• Certification• Regulation• Insurance
• Insight & Intelligence (AI)• Knowledge Based / Autonomous Systems• Modelling & Simulation• Big Data• Visualisation & Immersion• Communication
SPEAKER PRESENTATION TITLE
Robert Haigh
Program Manager APC6 DYNAMO
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DYNAMO PROJECT SCOPE AND STRUCTURE
• WP1 characterises gasoline direct injection soot as a pre-cursor to creating a dynamic model
• WP2 characterises the existing and new engine systems and creates dynamic models
• WP3 ‘reduces’ the WP1 & WP2 models ready for optimisation – and analytically identifies optimised design
• WP4 integrates the resulting calibration, software strategy and design recommendations with program activities
• WP5 will develop a ‘User Friendly’ interface to the complex algorithms developed by WP2&3
WP4
ProgramDelivery
Tech
nica
l
Req
uire
men
ts
Deliverables
MilestonesBusiness CaseExploitation
Financial
Managem
ent
Quarterly
Reporting
Risk
Man
agemen
tEngine
Hardw
are
Durability
GPDS/GTDSDeliverables
Met
ho
do
logy
Exp
loit
atio
n
Benchmarking
Futu
re
Stra
tegy
WP3
Dynamic Optimisation
GPF
Optimisation
Ad
vanced
Co
ntro
ls
Tran
sient
Emiss
ions
Analys
is
Dynamic
Optimisation
Opt
ical
Val
idat
ion
High Perform
ance
Simulation
Model Development
WP2
DynamicModelling
Op
timisatio
n To
ol
Develo
pm
ent
Boundary, Target &Constraint Definitions
Engine Characterisation
Dynam
ic
DOESubsystem
Characterisation
Proc
ess
Dem
onst
rati
on
WP1
DI Soot Characterisation
Strategy An
alysis
& Trad
e-Off
CFD Model
Development
Web
Based
Portal
Support
CFD Modelling
WP5OptimisationFramework
• To develop a virtual toolset, operating on an open source platform, to mathematically optimise complex powertrain system interactions. The toolset will be deployed on the next generation of Ford I3 GTDI engines, the goal is to release an additional 7% fuel economy with minimal hardware changes and to further the UK’s digital engineering capability
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DYNAMO CONSORTIUMAPC6 Funded Project
5 Academic Partners
15 Full Time Researchers
8 Part Time Researchers
5 Industry Partners
Access to Hartree High Performance Computer Systems
Capability to run up to 9.34Billion Simulations over a weekend
Access to 5 Engine Dynamometers
State of the art measurement equipment
FUTURE DIGITALPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The changing role of experimentsProf Chris Brace
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PRESSURES ON THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTORHow can we balance the competing pressures, faster than today?
Regulation and
environmentProduct
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FUTURE NEEDSMust meet all needs, ‘Pick any two’ will not be an option
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Define vehicle
attributes
Define propulsion
system
Subsystem validation
Define subsystem
Powertrain validation
Vehicle validation
Component design
Validate powertrain
Validate vehicle
Validate
VALIDATION, THE KEY TO SUCCESSOur industry has develop world class product development expertise – but is heavily dependant on experiments
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INTENSE DRIVE TOWARDS VIRTUAL PRODUCT ENGINEERINGAuto Council Roadmap lays out the path towards a fully virtual future
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ENDGAMEFully virtual and auto-optimised NPD
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THE VERY FIRST STEPS ARE THE HARDEST?Today’s modelling tools are not fit for purpose in tomorrow’s world
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Define vehicle
attributes
Define propulsion
system
Subsystem validation
Define subsystem
Powertrain validation
Vehicle validation
Component design
Validate powertrain
Validate vehicle
Validate
VEE PROCESS IS STILL NEEDEDAll (essential) verification tests need a roadmap to replace with digital equivalents
System model
closes and
narrows the
Vee
Subsystem experiment
Powertrain experiment
Vehicle experiment
Well designed
physical experiments
will be critical to the
success of these
models
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EXAMPLE - VEHICLE CHARACTERISATION FOR RDEHow can I be sure my system works in all cases?
Sub system
characterisation
System test
Parameterisesimulation
Simulated real world
drives
Emissions Prediction
The Need-verification over
all possible driving situations
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DYNAMIC DOE
• Dynamic modelling approach Empirical approach for “physical” dynamics
Could be used to calibrate physical models
• Dynamic training sequence Varying frequency sine waves (Chirp)
Not dependant on high level
control strategy
• Warm-up behaviour Hot start cycle
Cold start cycle
Scaling factor to interpolate
(active research to improve this aspect)
How can we excite all of the system dynamics in a controlled way?
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VEHICLE CHARACTERISATION FOR RDESystem test still necessary to validate approach and derive parameters
Sub system
characterisation
System test
Parameterisesimulation
Simulated real world
drives
Emissions
Prediction
The Need-Validation over
all possible driving situations
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VEHICLE CHARACTERISATION FOR RDEStill plenty of work to do!
Analytical cycle
generation
System test
Parameterisesimulation
Simulated real world
drives
Emissions
Prediction
The Need-Validation over
all possible driving situations
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EPSRC CENTRE FOR DOCTORAL TRAINING IN ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE PROPULSION SYSTEMS
• At least 87 Studentships
• Wide range of disciplines
• Commercial and technical training to align students
• Research in collaboration with industry
• An integral part of IAAPS
• Aligned with APC spokes to maximise opportunities for collaboration across propulsion sector
Training the technology leaders of the future
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CONCLUSIONS
• The future is digital
• Long term goal is AI led digital design and verification
• We need to ‘Test once, Simulate many’
• This has profound implications for all of our experimental capabilities
• Better data, better tools and highly trained people are a must
• Big changes to the way we organise our engineering teams
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CONTACT
Chris Brace FIMechEProfessor of Automotive PropulsionDeputy Director, Powertrain and Vehicle Research CentreDirector - EPSRC AAPS CDTUniversity of BathBA2 7AY
+44 1225 386731+44 7967 [email protected]
BREAK
NVN ANNOUNCEMENT
ENABLING THE FUTURE OF AUTONOMOUS TRANSPORTAmar Abid-Ali
Chief Commercial Officer
5 September 2019
132
Catapult network
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What are compound
semiconductors? They outperform silicon chips in 3 areas:
Power: electric vehicles
Speed: inter-vehicle communications
Light: LIDAR for collision
avoidance
the transformative
technologies of the
on compound
semiconductors
futuredepen
d
will 40% of new cars will be
connected by 2020(up from 3% 2015)
by 2030 the CS value insmart vehicles will exceed
$1000 (20% sensors & 20%
power management)
*10x rise in power management
Source: Bank of America and Yole Developpment
the transformative
technologies of the
on compound
semiconductors
futuredepen
d
willcompared to 4G
5G will be
100x faster & higher
bandwidth
/100 latency
100bn connected devices
Source: Bank of America and Yole Developpment
the transformative
technologies of the
on compound
semiconductors
futuredepen
d
will enhanced3D scanning
techniques will transform the
global medical diagnostics
industry
more than 560 million
AR/VR/wearable/hearable
devices could provide real time
analytics to improve health
outcomes….vital for the UK’s
12m over 65’s
Market coverage
Power ElectronicsTransportation – Not just EV
Power
RFM
Anchoring UK
supply chains
EtchCut +
packageIntegrate Assemble
Die
££
Chip
£££
System
££££
Product
£££££
Wafer
£
Innovation Centre
Opening Autumn
2019design studio
• simulation tools
• industry collaboration
class 10K advanced packaging lab (from August
2019)
• materials characterization
• precision engineering
• die preparation & hybrid integrationpower electronics lab (from August 2019)
• power device characterization & modelling
• access to 0.1MW then 0.3MW of power
• EMC screened
RF/microwave lab (from August 2019)
• device characterization
• harsh environment analysis
photonics & sensors lab (from August 2019)
• advanced metrology
• dark room
Tel: 01633 373121
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @CSACatapult
Website: www.csa.catapult.org.uk
The CSA Catapult is a member of CS-Connected – the South Wales compound semiconductor cluster
www.csconnected.com
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Amar Abid-Ali
Chief Commercial Officer
Amar.abid-
MIND THE GAP: SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL RANGE EXTENSION
FOR BUSES & HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
Bal Dosanjh
144
THE ROAD TO ZERO
• Passenger cars .. all new cars & vans to be effectively zero emissions by 2040
• Buses .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
• Commercial & Off Highway .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
Developing A Roadmap For Bus & Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Automotive Council Technology Roadmaps
145
THE ROAD TO ZERO
• Passenger cars .. all new cars & vans to be effectively zero emissions by 2040
• Buses .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
• Commercial & Off Highway .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
Developing A Roadmap For Bus & Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Automotive Council Technology Roadmaps
146
THE ROAD TO ZERO
• Passenger cars .. all new cars & vans to be effectively zero emissions by 2040
• Buses .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
• Commercial & Off Highway .. Infrastructure required for mass market acceptance
Developing A Roadmap For Bus & Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Page 12 The Road To Zero
Automotive Council Technology Roadmaps
147
CNG – LEARNING FROM CHINA
• CNG filling stations number 5,600 today, increasing to 10,000 in 2020
• Hydrogen filling stations number 23 today, 200 operational in the 2020-25 period, 1,500 in the 2026-35 period
• Hydrogen remains the long term fuel of choice, but the pressures to improve city air quality are immediate
China’s Decarbonisation Targets Are Driving Change
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CNG – LEARNING FROM CHINA
• CNG filling stations number 5,600 today, increasing to 10,000 in 2020
• Hydrogen filling stations number 23 today, 200 operational in the 2020-25 period, 1,500 in the 2026-35 period
• Hydrogen remains the long term fuel of choice, but the pressures to improve city air quality are immediate
• Ceres Power and Weichai Power are jointly developing a 30kW SOFC range extender system that
Operates at high efficiency with CNG
Can accommodate the switch to hydrogen. No stranded assets
China’s Decarbonisation Targets Are Driving Change
• Confidence in achieving UK ULEB status from China Bus Cycle analysis
• Negligible NOx, nil SOx and Particulates
• Reuse of high grade exhaust heat for cabin heating and battery regulation
THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN SKILLS AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT Dr Colin Herron CBE
MD Zero Carbon Futures
How to we get the correct number of correctly skilled people
Build Maintain/disposeMake
The Challenge of ‘skills’
Driving the
Electric
Revolution
Core curriculum
Core centres
Higher education Further education
CPD
STEM
THE ROLE OF SOLAR POWER IN EV
Julian Field
s
153
OVERVIEW
1. How much solar energy is available?
2. Is solar charging of cars worth doing?
3. Is anyone doing it already?
4. What are the design considerations?
154
HOW SOLAR POWER IN CARS WORKS
155
WHERE DOES THE SUN SHINE?
156
WHEN DOES THE SUN SHINE?
London
157
WHERE DOES THE SUN SHINE?
London Mexico City
158
HOW MUCH SOLAR CELL AREA IS AVAILABLE ON A CAR?
…about 3m2
159
HOW MUCH ENERGY IS AVAILABLE FROM THE SUN?
London
160
SO, IS IT WORTH IT?
161
IS IT WORTH IT?
1. Solar charging can supply 25% of an EV’s energy
162
IS IT WORTH IT?
1. Solar charging can supply 25% of an EV’s energy
2. Equivalent to regenerative braking
163
IS IT WORTH IT?
1. Solar charging can supply 25% of an EV’s energy
2. Equivalent to regenerative braking
3. Double the capacity of the UK’s largest power station
164
IS IT WORTH IT?
1. Solar charging can supply 25% of an EV’s energy
2. Equivalent to regenerative braking
3. Double the capacity of the UK’s largest power station
4. EVs already have a battery
165
IS IT WORTH IT?
1. Solar charging can supply 25% of an EV’s energy
2. Equivalent to regenerative braking
3. Double the capacity of the UK’s largest power station
4. EVs already have a battery
5. Consumers want it
166
IS ANYBODY DOING IT?
167
SONO MOTORS
The Sion from Sono Motors in Germany, over 10,000 pre-orders, shipping from 2021…
Price: 26,500 Euros
Range: 200 miles
Battery size: 40 kWh
Weight: 1,400 kg
168
LIGHTYEAR
The Lightyear One by Lightyear in the Netherlands, 100 pre-orders, shipping from 2021…
Price: 149,000 Euros
Range: 450 miles
Battery size: 60 kWh
Weight: 1,300 kg
169
SOLAR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
1. First vehicle official launch in 2020
2. Can be used 100% solar
3. Very significant lightweighting
4. Unique body design
170
DESIGN CONSIDERATONS
1. Build solar charging into the powertrain from the start
2. Dual solar and charge point charging
3. Lightweighting is essential
4. Design for an eco-consumer
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IN CONCLUSION
1. The sun can supply over 25% of an EV’s energy
2. Integration of solar charging need not be costly
3. New field offering exciting opportunities for the UK
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LUKE MIDDLETON
ENGINEERINGWITH A DIFFERENCE
Simon Fletcher
175
ENGINEERING WITH A DIFFERENCE
“If you always do what you have always done,
you will always get what you always got”(Mark Twain/ Henry Ford & paraphrased by Albert Einstein)
176
ENGINEERING WITH A DIFFERENCE
Primary Function EngineeringCase study:
-55% weight
-20% cost
27.5kgs
12 kgs
Current ‘state of the art’
Revised ‘state of the art’
And the technology exists to reduce to ~6kgs!....
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ENGINEERING WITH A DIFFERENCEPrimary Function EngineeringInterrogate existing design –
• What is the primary function?
• What engineering solutions can be employed to get down to just performing the primary (and any necessary
secondary) functions?
• Load path analysis – where are the loads, where do they go, what generates them? Don’t interrupt and remove
at source
• What additional functions are being performed-could they be done in other ways?
• Analogous structures that provide role models?
• Is part of the design ‘for convenience’ rather than necessary?
• Tailored processes – one size fits all; convenience
• Do interfaces need to change?
Collaborative and ingenious effort
is the key to realising the greatness businesses and their people are capable of
“Dare to Try”…..we need to be daring, not afraid of failing
“If you do something that you have done before, you aren’t thinking about it hard enough”
“If you haven’t failed it, then it’s over-engineered”
THANK YOU
