UK Agency for the support of:

High Energy Physics - the nature of matter and mass

Particle Astrophysics - laws from natural phenomena

Astronomy - the nature and origin of the Universe

Solar System - the nature of the Sun and its planets

PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY RESEARCH COUNCIL

Science

GRIDs for Science

We are “fairly sure” that there is a lot of stuff in the Universe which we don’t know about

- School Talk, 2001

Now things have got much clearer: we are now much more certain that we know absolutely nothing about

most of the Universe- School Talk, 2003

Dark Matter:

Dark Energy:

Stars:

Free H & He:

Cosmic PieCosmic PieCosmic PieCosmic Pie Heavy Elements:

Neutrinos:

Source of slide: Kolb

Virtual Observatories

IRAS 252MASS 2DSS Optical IRAS 100 NVSS 20cmGB 6cmROSAT ~keV WENSS 92cm

Observations made across entire electromagnetic spectrum

Different views of a local galaxy Need all of them to understand physics fully Databases are located throughout the world

See AstroGrid Talks by Nic Walton (wed)Guy Rixon (thurs)

Particle Physics

Astronomy&

Astro-Physics

Mechanism of explaining the mass of matter still awaits a

crucial verification: discovery of the “HIGGS” particle

There are many possible

explanations of “dark matter” based upon

undiscovered particles

3. annihilate to produce energy

1. Take matter and anti-matter

?

? HIGGS

Super Symmetric Particles

2. Accelerate and collide

4. new particles are made from the energy

CERN Large Hadron Collider

•The world’s most powerful particle accelerator

•Due to turn on in 2007

•Will collide protons at 7 Tera Electon Volts….

4 LHC Experiments

ALICE- heavy ion collisions, to create quark-gluon plasmas

- 50,000 particles in each collision

LHCb- to study the differences between matter and antimatter

- producing over 100 million b and b-bar mesons each year

ATLAS- general purpose: origin of mass, supersymmetry, micro-black holes

- 2,000 scientists from 34 countries

CMS- general purpose detector

- muon tracking, electromagnetic calorimeter, central tracking and hadron calorimeter

... Proton collisions produce a lot of debris ....

proton

proton (or anti-proton)

Each event is complicated:

The LHC Data Challenge

Typical Selectivity: 1 in 1011

Like looking for 1 person in a ten world populations

Or for a needle in 200,000 haystacks!

~1-10 Gbps

Tier2 Center

Online System CERN

InstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute

~20 PBytes/year~PByte/sec

~10-100 Gbps

France Center

Tier2 Center

Tier2 Center

Tier2 Center

Tier2 Center

Experiment

UK Centre

GEANT Network

GEANT Network

National Network

National Network~10 Gbps

Germany Center

Italy Center

USA Centers

…others

The GridPP Project

19 UK Universities, CCLRC (RAL & Daresbury) and CERN

Funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)

GridPP1 - 2001-2004 £17m "From Web to Grid"

GridPP2 - 2004-2007 £15m "From Prototype to Production"

July 2004

£0.75m

£2.71m

£2.88m

£0.87m

£0.69m

£2.71m

£2.89m

£1.00m

£2.40m

Tier-1/AHardware

Tier-2Operations

Applications

M/S/N

LCG-2

MgrTravel

Ops

Tier-1/AOperations

Management Travel etc

UK Tier-1/A Regional Centre Hardware

UK Tier-2 Regional Centres Manpower

UK Tier-1/A Manpower

LHC Computing Grid Project (LCG)Manpower

Middleware, Security and Networking Manpower

Grid Application Development LHC and US Experiments + Lattice QCD, Phenomenology and Generic Portal

Middleware Development

Configuration Management

Storage Interfaces

Network Monitoring

Security

Information Services

Grid Data Management

Application Development

Fabric

TapeStorage

Elements

RequestFormulator and

Planner

Client Applications

ComputeElements

Indicates component that w ill be replaced

DiskStorage

Elements

LANs andWANs

Resource andServices Catalog

ReplicaCatalog

Meta-dataCatalog

Authentication and SecurityGSISAM-specific user, group , node, st at ion regis tration B bftp ‘cookie’

Connectivity and Resource

CORBA UDP File transfer protocol s - ftp, b bftp, rcp GridFTP

Mass Storage s ystems protocol se.g. encp, hp ss

Collective Services

C atalogproto co ls

Signi fi cant Event Log ger Naming Service Database ManagerC atalog Manager

SAM R es ource M an ag em entB atch Sys tems - LSF, FB S, PB S,

C ondorData Mov erJob Services

Storage ManagerJob ManagerCache ManagerRequest Manager

“Dataset Editor” “File Storage Server”“Project Master” “Station M aster” “Station M aster”

Web Python codes, Java codesCom mand line D0 Fram ework C++ codes

“Stager”“Optim iser”

CodeRepostory

Name in “quotes” is SAM-given software component name

or addedenhanced using PPDG and Grid tools

GANGA

SAMGridLattice QCD

ARDA

CMS

BaBar

Deployment : UK Tier-1@ RAL

• High quality data services

• National and International Role

• UK focus for International Grid development

• 700 Dual CPU• 80 TB Disk• 60 TB Tape

(Capacity 1PB)Grid Operations

Centre

Deployment: UK Tier-2 Centres

ScotGridDurham, Edinburgh, Glasgow NorthGridDaresbury, Lancaster, Liverpool,Manchester, Sheffield

SouthGridBirmingham, Bristol, Cambridge,Oxford, RAL PPD, Warwick

LondonGridBrunel, Imperial, QMUL, RHUL, UCL

Mostly funded by HEFCE

…please see the demo…..

http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/e-science/projects/demo/index.html

Further Info

http://www.gridpp.ac.uk