Slide 2 Slide 3 Ughhh!!! Gross! What a total loser! Oh, wait,
this is a bully-free zone! Stop being a gossip you NOT-very-nice
person! Maybe he has a problem and should talk to Mr. Myers or Mr.
Kirk. Oh no, that loser is looking at me like hes going to ask me
out! What if he tries that stupid line Mr. Kirk used on my
grandmother that asks me what my sign is? I know, Ill tell him its
STOP!!! Oh man! I really screwed up and forgot to get a copy of the
book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck! Mr. Myers and Mr. Kirk will
be so disappointed in me, and Ill fall behind in my work! Oh my
gosh! Did you hear? Some kid forgot to get his copy of the book Of
Mice and Men by John Steinbeck! I used to think he was cute, but
now he seems like such a loser. Now to ask out that cute
brunette... Ill bet shes over there whispering to her friend what a
studly rebel I am for not bringing a book to class! Time to work
that line Mr. Kirk told menow how does it go again? Oh yeah, Hey
baby, whats your sign? Slide 4 Targets for Today: I need to know
how to find the subject and the predicate of a sentence. I need to
know what the difference is between an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE and a
DEPENDENT CLAUSE (which is also sometimes called a subordinate
clause). I need to know the difference between four types of
complete sentences: Simple sentence Compound sentence Complex
sentence Compound-Complex sentence Slide 5 Simple Sentence: The
Oompa Loompa smiled. Simple Sentence version #2: The scary little
Oompa Loompa smiled craftily at the spoiled children. Complex
Sentence: When the girl turned into a giant blueberry, the scary
little Oompa Loompa smiled craftily at the unsuspecting children.
Compound Sentence: The girl turned into a giant blueberry; the
scary little Oomp Loompa smiled craftily at the spoiled children.
OR The girl turned into a giant blueberry, and the scary little
Oompa Loompa smiled craftily at the spoiled children.
Compound-Complex While the girl turned into a giant blueberry, the
scary little Oompa Loompa smiled craftily at the spoiled children,
and a two-year old Mr. Myers hid behind the couch and cried. Slide
6 You can identify a sentences structure based on two things: 1.
How many clauses are in the sentence and 2. What types of clauses
they are. Slide 7 Its a word group that contains a subject and its
verb. An independent clause can stand alone in a sentence. A
dependentcannot stand alone in a sentence. Slide 8 Simple sentences
contain one independent clause and no subordinate clauses. *They
may contain compound subjects, compound verbs and any number of
phrases. Example: Mr. Myers bought his kitties some new toys. What
is the subject? Mr. Myers What is the verb? bought This contains
one independent clause and no subordinate clauses. Slide 9 Slide 10
Slide 11 Slide 12 Compound sentences continued: Slide 13 Slide 14
Slide 15 Slide 16 Slide 17 Example of a Complex Sentence Which is
the independent clause and which is the dependent clause? Although
Chris wanted the latest style of wrestling shoes, he chose a less
expensive pair that looked pretty. Dependent: Although Chris wanted
the latest style of wrestling shoes, Independent: he chose a less
expensive pair that looked pretty. Slide 18 They make the
difference between a clause being INDEPENDENT or DEPENDENT (aka
SUBORDINATE clause) after although As because Before If so that
than though Unless when whenever Where while We turn you into a
punk subordinate clause! Whos your daddy? Slide 19 Subordinating
Conjunctions after although as as far as if as long as as soon as
as though because before considering (that) if inasmuch as in order
that Slide 20 More Subordinating Conjunctions provided (that) since
so long as so that than though unless until when whenever where
whereas wherever while Slide 21 Relative Pronouns who whom whose
whoever whomever whosoever which whichever whatever that what
American Gothic, WHICH is a famous painting by Grant Wood, shows a
farmer and his spinster daughter. Slide 22 Spot the Dependent
Clause After running five miles around the track, Henry was much
too tired to go to basketball practice. Now that Maria has earned
enough money, she can finally buy the concert tickets. He will be
allowed to go to the zoo, provided that his homework is finished in
time. You cannot watch television, unless you complete your chores.
While Alex is a good tennis player, Samantha is better. This is how
a zombie sees your brainYUMMY! Slide 23 Compound-complex sentences
contain two or more independent clauses and at least one
subordinate clause. When we became hungry, Gary prepared carrots,
and I cooked fish. Slide 24 Active Voice A verb in the active voice
expresses an action done by its subject. The amusement park offered
me a free ticket. What is the verb? What is the subject? The action
of the verb offered was done by the subject park. Slide 25 Slide 26
Why does this matter in writing? Passive voice is as correct as
active voice, but: passive voice often slows down the pace of
writing and speaking active voice is more direct; passive voice is
wordier. The passive voice is effective when you do not know or do
not want to reveal the performer of the action, or when you want to
emphasize the receive of the action. Ex: Overnight, the sidewalk
was cleaned. The nests had been built by the robins. Ezra sent his
girlfriend a text. Or A text was sent by Ezra to his girlfriend.
Slide 27 Passive Versus Active Voice Active: Mr. Henry punched the
student. Passive: The student was punched by Mr. Henry. Why would
you chose to use active versus passive voice? Why would you choose
passive over active? Mr. Myers mom ate the cheeseburger. The
cheeseburger was eaten by Mr. Myers mom. Slide 28 find the subject
and the predicate of a sentence. tell the difference is between an
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE and a DEPENDENT CLAUSE. Tell the difference
between four types of complete sentences: Simple sentence Compound
sentence Complex sentence Compound-Complex sentence Slide 29
Misplaced Modifiers A word, phrase, or clause that seems to modify
the wrong word or word group in a sentence is a misplaced modifier.
Writers can avoid misplaced modifiers by taking car to place the
modifier as close as possible to the word or word group being
described. Ex: Hanging in the museum, the art students stared in
awe at the art. The art students stared in awe at the art hanging
in the museum. Slide 30 Variety in Sentence Structure: Loose and
Periodic Sentences A loose sentence (also called cumulative) adds
the extra details after the basic statement. Ex: John gave his
mother flowers, knowing he made her mad. A periodic sentence places
the extra detail before or in the middle of the basic statement.
Ex: Knowing he made her mad, John gave his mother the flowers.
Slide 31 Fun example: Brittany Spears is the ideal American girl.
(base clause) List adjectives, nouns, adverbs, and verbs that come
to mind when you think of Spears. Discussion: What does switching
the sentence structure do for the tone of the sentence? Slide 32
Cumulative Sentence: This type of sentence consists of base clause
(a clause is a phrase that has a subject and a predicate) followed
by modifying phrases after the subject, verb, and/or object.
Consider the following declarative sentence: Britney Spears is the
ideal American girl. Now consider the cumulative sentence created
from that simple declarative sentence: *Britney Spears is the ideal
American girlthe blonde, pretty one, with the cheerleader smile,
dancing like a stripper, singing like a choirgirl, who only cries
at home, in her palatial white bedroom, mourning her virginity,
mourning what it cost her to perform for us. Notice how the author
starts with a basic idea and then builds upon it using modifiers to
create tension and highlight contradictions. Slide 33 Periodic
Sentence: Take the above and flip it. The idea comes at the end:
*The blonde, pretty one, with the cheerleader smile, dancing like a
stripper, singing like a choirgirl, who only cries at home, in her
palatial white bedroom, mourning her virginity, mourning what it
cost her to perform for usif Britney Spears is the ideal American
girl, the American girl is a study in contrasts. *What is different
about this sentence? Slide 34 The following is a students example
using a periodic sentence to develop a rich, detailed image in the
beginning of an essay, which has built into it the tensions at the
center of her essays thinking problem: The perfect imitation of
vogue. Short skirts, loose white knee- length socks, platform
shoes, all kinds of accessories, bleached re- bonded hair, skin
tanned to a golden copper, white-based makeup and glitter on her
face, dancing with prefect rhythm and style to Dance Revolution,
carrying pictures and little items from her latest pop idol group
F4, listening to Britney Spears and NSync, keeping scores of
photo-stickers of her friend sand herself in cutsey books she is
the epitome of cool Asian pop culture. Self. Does she have one? She
is a borrower. Nothing in her is original. She looks to Japanese
school girls for her fashion and activities, Korean girls for her
makeup, takes her cue from the Taiwanse to idolize F4, and scours
American pop culture for music trends. Yet, she is what Malcolm
Gladwll would describe in The Coolhunt as an innovator.. Slide 35
Note the way that the student follows her long, periodic sentence
with abrupt, short sentences, juxtaposing sentence structures to
build tension and drama into the form of the beginning of her essay
formal choices that set up her essays main thinking problem about
how the superficial gestures of pop culture can serve to function
both markers of our personality and erasers of our individuality at
the same time. Slide 36 Analyze syntax and its effect. Walking
across the square to the hotel everything looked new and changed. I
had never seen the trees before. I had never seen the flagpoles
before, nor the front of the theatre. It was all different. I felt
as I felt once coming home from an out-of-town football game. I was
carrying a suitcase with my football things in it, and I walked up
the street from the station in the town I had lived in all my life
and it was all new. They were raking the lawns and burning leaves
in the road, and I stopped for a long time and watched. It was all
strange. (The Sun Also Rises, Hemmingway)
