UGCNET/JRF/SET

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

BySurya Pal Yadav

Lect. in EnglishGovt. College, NAHAR (Rewari)

(For Paper-II)

Revised By :B. L. Rawat

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DEDICATED

to

Dear BABLI

Whose sweet and loving memories

Dwell in my heart and soul.

PREFACE

Literature may be defined as the serious and systematic expression of the sincere

ideas about various spheres of life, renewed or invented in the mind of the author; and

to squeeze it into an objective form is not only a difficult task but also a challenging one.

However, here, it needs to be clarified that this book is not a research paper or an

expression of ideas about literature, rather, it is strictly meant for those who undertake

to appear in various competitive examinations in which objective questions on literature

are put to them to test their literary intelligence, efficiency and knowledge. It may be

regarded as a reproduction of the widespread ideas about various forms and periods of

literature in an objective form.

The book containing 10 units is strictly in accordance with the syllabus prescribed

for the National Educational Test (NET) conducted by the University Grants

Commission (UGC).Though the questions are objective, they are informative and

interesting. The number and nature of questions in every unit is fixed according to the

requirements of the NET. Quotations from various books and authors are meant to

determine a higher analysis of the idea in question.

I wish and hope that this book proves an honest, laborious and dedicated attempt to

satisfy the demands of those who have the necessary strong will, zeal and aptitude to

face the challenge of getting through an examination which has objective literature as

one of its parts.

Wishing all success in life.

(SURYA PAL YADAV)

————AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR

Acknowledgements

As it was a very challenging task to author a book on English Literature in objective

form, this enterprise was full of ups and downs. In such a situation, some persons came

to guide me, some to support me while some to serve me.

So first of all, I would like to express my sincere love for my parents who sacrificed

their every happiness to see me prospering.

I am also thankful to my guide, Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma, for his constant and

constructive guidance.

My thanks are also for Mrs. Raj Dembla, who helped me in preparing the 10th

chapter of the book.

Mr. Rajesh Yadav also deserves my thanks for his friendly and timely support to me.

I would also like to bless Mr. Gaja Nand Sharma who served me as my sincere

student.

Last but not least, I am sincerely grateful to Sh. Mahendra Jain, (The editor,

Pratiyogita Darpan) for extending his valuable co-operation in publishing this book.

————SSSSUUUURRRRYYYYAAAA PPPPAAAALLLL YYYYAAAADDDDAAAAVVVV

CONTENTS

● Previous Year’s Solved Paper

● An Introduction……..………………………………………………………………… 3–12— Objective Questions …………………………………………………………… 8

Unit–1 : Chaucer to Shakespeare 13–49— Chaucer to Shakespeare………………………………………………………... 13— Some Important year to be remembered ……………………………………… 16— Some Important figures from Chaucer to Shakespeare………………………… 18— Part-I …………………………...……………………………………………… 19— Part-II ………………………….………………………………………………. 24— Part-III ………………………………………………………………………… 30— Part-IV ………………………………………………………………………… 35— Part-V ………………………….……………………………………………… 41— Part-VI ………………………………………………………………………… 47

Unit–2 : Jacobean to Restoration Periods 50–76— Literary Tendencies……………………………………………………………. 50— The Restoration Period (1660–1700)………………………………………….. 51— Literary Tendencies of the Restoration Age…………………………………… 51— Some Important year to be remembered ……………….……………………… 52— Some Important figures from Jacobean to restoration periods …….…………. 53— Part-I ………………………….……………………………………………….. 54— Part-II ………………………………………………………………………….. 60— Part-III ………………………………………………………………………… 65— Part-IV ………………………………………………………………………… 71

Unit–3 : Augustan Age : 18th Century Literature 77–102— Literary Tendencies……………………………………………………………. 77— Reflection of the 18th Century Society in Literature………………………….. 77— Some Important figures to be remembered ……………….…………………… 79— Some Important events to be remembered …….………….…………………… 79— Part-I ………………………….……………………………………………….. 80— Part-II ………………………………………………………………………….. 86— Part-III ………………………………………………………………………… 92— Part-IV ………………………………………………………………………… 97

Unit–4 : Romantic Period 103–124— Characteristics of the Romantic Poetry………………………………………… 103— Some Important figures to be remembered ……………….…………………… 104— Some Important events to be remembered …….………….…………………… 104— Part-I ………………………….……………………………………………….. 105— Part-II ………………………………………………………………………….. 111— Part-III ………………………………………………………………………… 117— Part-IV …………………..…………………………………………………….. 122

( xi )

Unit–5 : The Victorian Period 125–144— Some Important figures to be remembered ……………….…………………… 127— Some Important events to be remembered …….………….…………………… 127— Part-I ………………………...………………………………………………… 128— Part-II ………………………..………………………………………………… 134— Part-III ……………………….………………………………………………… 139

Unit–6 : Modern Period 145–171— The Historical Background (1890–1918)……………………………………… 145— The Chief Authors of the Period……………………………………………….. 146— Some Important figures to be remembered ……………….…………………… 146— Some Important events to be remembered …….………….…………………… 147— Part-I ………………………...………………………………………………… 148— Part-II ………………………..………………………………………………… 154— Part-III ……………………….………………………………………………… 160— Part-IV ……………………….………………………………………………… 166

Unit–7 : Contemporary Literature 172–198— Contemporary Period…………………………………………………………… 172— Part-I ………………………...………………………………………………… 173— Part-II ………………………..………………………………………………… 180— Part-III ……………………….………………………………………………… 186— Part-IV ……………………..………………………………………………….. 193

Unit–8 : American and Other Non-British Literature 199–228— Introduction……..……………………………………………………………… 199— The New Poetry……..…………………………………………………………. 200— Non-British Literature……..…………………………………………………… 200— Part-I : American Literature……..…………………………………………….. 201— Part-II : Indian Writing in English……..………………………………………. 208— Part-III : Indian Writing in English……..……………………………………... 215— Part-IV : Commonwealth Literature ……….………………………………….. 222

Unit–9 : Literary Theory and Criticism 229–249— Part-I ………………………...………………………………………………… 231— Part-II ………………………..………………………………………………… 237— Part-III ……………………….………………………………………………… 243

Unit–10 : Rhetoric and Prosody 250–270— Figures of Rhetoric……..……………………………………………………… 250— Prasody………………………………………………………………………… 250— Part-I ………………………...………………………………………………… 252— Part-II ………………………..………………………………………………… 260— Part-III ……………………….………………………………………………… 267

● Model Paper……..…………………………………………………………………….… 271–274● Some Important Quotations……..…………………………………………………… 275–277● The Works which Enriched the English Literature……..……………………….. 277–279

Appendix-1 : Periods of English Literature……..……………………………………...… 280–280Appendix-2 : The Sovereigns since the Norman conquest……..………………………… 280–280Appendix-3 : Poets Laureate……..…………………………………………………….… 281–281Appendix-4 : Booker-Mcconnell Prize for fiction……..………………………………… 281–281Appendix-5 : Nobel Prize for Literature……..………………………………………...… 282–283

Syllabus

1. Chaucer to Shakespeare

2. Jacobean to Restoration Periods

3. Augustan Age : 18th Century Literature

4. Romantic Period

5. Victorian Period

6. Modern Period

7. Contemporary Period

8. American and Other Non-British Literatures

9. Literary Theory and Criticism

10. Rhetoric and Prosody

UGC–NET English–II (J–16) | 1

English(Paper–II)

UGC-NET/JRF Exam.(July 2016)

Solved Paper

UGC–NET English–II (J–16) | 3

July 2016

English(Paper–II)

Note—This paper contains fifty (50) objectivetype questions of two (2) marks each. All questionsare compulsory.

1. Which British University figures in WilliamWordsworth’s Prelude ?(A) Durham (B) Glasgow(C) Cambridge (D) Oxford

2. Who is the author of A Woman Killed withKindness ?(A) John Marston(B) Thomas Middleton(C) John Fletcher(D) Thomas Heywood

3. In William Congreve’s The Way of the Worldidentify the speaker of the line : “One’s crueltyis one’s power, and when one parts with one’scruelty, one parts with one’s power.”(A) Mirabell (B) Witwoud(C) Millamant (D) Mincing

4. T.S. Eliot found spiritual support in—(A) Christianity (B) Hinduism(C) Buddhism (D) Judaism

5. By what name is Gulliver known inBrobdingnag ?(A) Grildrig (B) Glumdalclitch(C) Splacknuck (D) Mannikin

6. Who among the following was born in India ?(A) Paul Scott (B) Lawrence Durrell(C) E.M. Forster (D) V.S. Naipaul

7. What metaphor does Edmund Spenser employ(Faerie Queene Book 1 Canto 12) to frame histale and to describe the relationship betweenthe tale and its readers ?

(A) That of a caravan of lost souls, traversinga desert

(B) That of a stagecoach, which picks updiverse passengers along the way

(C) That of a ship filled with jolly mariners

(D) That of a riderless horse, following his owndirection

8. Who among the following is not associated withRussian formalism ?

(A) Roman Jakobson

(B) Georges Poulet

(C) Boris Eichenbaum

(D) Victor Shklovsky

9. Which character in Dicknes keeps on hopingthat “something will turn up” ?

(A) Barkis (B) Micawber

(C) Uriah Heep (D) Miss Havisham

10. What is the name of the boat that resucesIshmael in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick ?

(A) Pequod (B) Rachel

(C) Hagar (D) Sphinx

11. Northanger Abbey is a parody of the ........romance.

(A) Oriental (B) French

(C) Gothic (D) Popular

12. Who among the following authors were greatlyinfluenced by Thomas Carlyle’s writings ?

1. Charles Dickens

2. Elizabeth Gaskell

3. Emily Bronte

4. Oscar Wilde

4 | UGC–NET English–II (J–16)

The right combination according to the codeis—

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3(C) 1 and 4 (D) 1 and 3

13. Which of the following is another term todescribe “art for art’s sake” ?(A) Aestheticism (B) Didacticism(C) Realism (D) Neo-realism

14. The statement that there are “none so credu-lous as infidels” is an ilustration of—(A) Oxymoron (B) Antithesis(C) Paradox (D) Metonomy

15. Who narrates Heart of Darkness ?(A) Marlow(B) Director of Companies(C) Kurtz(D) An unnamed narrator

16. The Mistakes of a Night is the subtitle of—(A) The Conscious Lovers(B) The Good Natur’d Man(C) She Stoops to Conquer(D) The Rivals

17. Identify the first novel written by PatrickWhite—(A) The Living and the Dead(B) The Tree of Man(C) Happy Valley(D) The Aunt’s Story

18. In King Lear for what reason does Kentassume a disguise ?(A) To continue to serve Lear, though Lear has

banished him(B) To spy on Edmund(C) To antagonize Goneril and Regan(D) To revenge upon Lear for banishing him

19. What is a feminine rhyme ?(A) A rhyme on two syllables in which the last

syllable is unstressed(B) A rhyme on two syllables(C) A rhyme on three syllables(D) A poem in which ever third syllable rhymes

20. Identify two of the following written by Chris-topher Fry :

1. French Without Tears2. The Lady’s Not for Burning3. Venus Observed4. The Deep Blue Sea

The right combination according to the codeis—

(A) 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 3(C) 2 and 4 (D) 1 and 4

21. In “Tradition and Individual Talent”, accord-ing to T.S. Eliot, the term ‘Traditional’ usuallymeans—(A) something positive(B) something negative(C) something historical(D) something old

22. Who of the following is a Cavalier poet ?(A) George Herbert(B) John Donne(C) Robert Herrick(D) Andrew Marvell

23. Which of the following is not Jacques Derrida’swork ?(A) Of Spirit : Heidegger and the Question(B) The Transcendence of the Ego(C) Of Grammatology(D) The Work Of Mourning

24. In Paradise Lost which character narrates thestory of the making of Eve from a rib in Adam’sside ?(A) Adam (B) Eve(C) Raphael (D) God

25. A.S. Byatt’s Possession attempts the imitationof the work of two Victorian poets, loosely basedon :1. Alfred Tennyson2. Robert Browning3. Christina Rossetti4. William Morris

The right combination according to the codeis—

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 4(C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 4

UGC–NET English–II (J–16) | 5

26. The Dark Lady of the Sonnets is a shortcomedy by—(A) Bernard Shaw (B) W.B. Yeats(C) J.M. Synge (D) John Osborne

27. John Milton’s description of gold as a “pre-cious bane” (Paradise Lost, Book II) is bestdescribed as—(A) a dactyl (B) an oxymoron(C) enjambment (D) zeugma

28. There is a play on the name of Machiavelli inthe prologue to Christopher Marlowe’s—(A) Doctor Faustus(B) The Jew of Malta(C) Tamburlaine, the Great(D) Edward II

29. Shakespeare famously neglects to observeAristotle’s rules concerning the three dramaticunities, and Samuel Johnson undertakes todefend Shakespeare from these criticisms in hisPreface to Shakespeare. Which of the Aristote-lian dramatic unities does Johnson believeShakespare to observe most successfully ?(A) Time(B) Place(C) Action(D) Johnson does not feel that the Aristotelian

dramatic unities are important

30. Who among the following was praised andpatronized as a “Ploughman Poet” ?(A) John Clare (B) George Crabbe(C) Robert Burns (D) Walter Scott

31. Which novel of Doris Lessing ends with a pro-jection forward in time after a devastatingatomic war ?(A) The Grass is Singing(B) The Golden Notebook(C) The Four Gated City(D) A Proper Marriage

32. Name the dominant meter of the followingquatrain :The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,

And leaves the world to darkness and to me.(A) Iambic Hexameter(B) Trochaic Pentameter(C) Iambic Pentameter(D) Terza Rima

33. Which two novels of Buchi Emecheta providea fictionalized portrait of poor, young Nigerianwomen struggling to bring up their children inLondon ?1. The Slave Girl2. The Joys of Motherhood3. Second Class Citizen4. In the Ditch

The right combiantion according to the codeis—

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3(C) 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4

34. In John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress who keepsChristian’s head above water in the River ofDeath ?(A) Hopeful (B) Helpful(C) Faithful (D) Cheerful

35. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is a—(A) religious allegory (B) fairy tale(C) long poem (D) Utopian novel

36. In Thomas More’s Utopia which of the follow-ing leisure pastimes is not a favourite amongUtopians ?(A) Music (B) Public lectures(C) Conversation (D) Dicing and cards

37. Which of the following statements does notdescribe Michel Foucault’s position ?(A) In Foucault’s work sexuality is literally

written on the body(B) Power operates through discourse(C) There is connection between power and

knowledge(D) Where there is power, it is possible to find

resistance

38. In which year did the Great Exhibition takeplace ?(A) 1851 (B) 1857(C) 1861 (D) 1871

6 | UGC–NET English–II (J–16)

39. When Fidessa says, “O, but I fear the ficklefreakes ... / Of fortune false, and oddes of armesin field” (Faerie Queene, Book I, Canto 5), this isa fine example of—(A) Alliteration (B) Allegory(C) Assonance (D) Antithesis

40. Match the List-I (Work) with List-II (Author)—List-I (Work)(a) ‘The Excursion’ (b) ‘Christabel’(c) Milton (d) Queen MabList-II (Author)1. S.T. Coleridge2. P.B. Shelley3. William Wordsworth4. William Blake

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 3 1 2 4(B) 3 1 4 2(C) 2 3 1 4(D) 2 1 3 4

41. Which of the following phrases is not found inThomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a CountryChurchyard” ?(A) “Far from the Madding Crowd”(B) “A youth to Fortune and Fame Unknown”(C) “Full many a flower is born to blush

unseen”(D) “All nature is but art, unknown to thee”

42. Robert Browning’s “Rabbi Ben Ezra” is adefence of—(A) youth against old age(B) old age against youth(C) power against knowledge(D) knwoledge against power

43. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the pil-grims, like the medieval society of which theyare a part, are made up of three social groups or‘estates’. What are the three estates ?(A) Nobility, church and commoners(B) Royalty, nobility and peasantry(C) Royalists, republicans and peasants(D) Country, city and commons

44. Which novel of Toni Morrison tells the wrench-ing story of a protagonist who murders her childrather than to allow him/her to live as a slave ?(A) Sula (B) Tar Baby(C) Song of Solomon (D) Beloved

45. Who among the following translated Homer ?(A) Thomas Gray (B) Samuel Johnson(C) Oliver Goldsmith (D) Alexander Pope

46. Shyam Selvadurai’s Funny Boy is a—(A) Picaresque novel(B) Epistolary novel(C) Diary novel(D) Coming-of-age novel

47. When was the English ban on James Joyce’sUlysses lifted ?(A) 1924 (B) 1945(C) 1936 (D) 1962

48. Who among the following is not an imagist ?(A) Ezra Pound (B) W.B. Yeats(C) Amy Lowell (D) T.E. Hulme

49. Thomas Carew’s poems appeared in print in 1640and contain a variety of amorous addresses toand reflections on, a fictional mistress knownas—(A) Celia (B) Julia(C) Anne (D) Melanie

50. Match the List-I (Novelists) with their List-II(Work)—List-I (Novelists) List-II (Work)(a) William Golding 1. Grimus(b) Salman Rushdie 2. Hawksmoor(c) Graham Swift 3. Darkness Visible(d) Peter Ackroyd 4. Waterland

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 4 1 3 2(B) 3 1 4 2(C) 2 3 1 4(D) 2 1 3 4

Answers with Explanations1. (C) Wordsworth’s magnum opus is generally

considered to be The Prelude, asemiautobiographical poem of his early yearsthat he revised and expanded a number of times.

UGC–NET English–II (J–16) | 7

It was posthumously titled and published,before which it was generally known as “thepoem to Coleridge”. Wordsworth was Britain’sPoet Laureate from 1843 until his death in1850.

2. (D) A Woman Killed with Kindness is an earlyseventeenth-century stage play, a tragedywritten by Thomas Heywood. Acted in 1603and first published in 1607, the play hasgenerally been considered Heywood’s master-piece, and has received the most critical atten-tion among Heywood’s works.

3. (C) The Way of the World is a play written bythe English playwright William Congreve. Theplay is centred on the two lovers Mirabell andMillamant. In order for them to marry andreceive Millamant’s full dowry.

4. (A) 5. (A)

6. (B) Lawrence George Durrell (February 27,1912–November 7, 1990) was an expatriateBritish novelist, poet, dramatist and travelwriter. Durrell was born in Jalandhar.

7. (C)

8. (B) Georges Poulet was a Belgian, literarycritic associated with the Geneva School.

9. (B) Wilkins Micawber is a fictional characterfrom Charles Dickens’s 1850 novel, DavidCopperfield. Micawber is known for assertinghis faith that “something will turn up”. Hisname has become synonymous with someonewho lives in hopeful expectation.

10. (B)

11. (C) Gothic fiction, which is largely known bythe subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre ormode of literature and film that combinesfiction and horror, death and at times romance.

12. (A)

13. (A) Aestheticism is an intellectual and artmovement supporting the emphasis ofaesthetic values more than social-politicalthemes for literature, fine art, music and otherarts. This meant that Art from this particularmovement focused more on being beautifulrather than having a deeper meaning – ‘Art forArt’s sake’.

14. (C) A paradox is a statement that, despiteapparently sound reasoning from true premises,leads to a self-contradictory or a logicallyunacceptable conclusion. Some logicalparadoxes are known to be invalid argumentsbut are still valuable in promoting criticalthinking.

15. (D) Kurtz is a central fictional character in Jo-seph Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness. Atrader of ivory in Africa and commander of atrading post, he monopolises his position as ademigod among native Africans.

16. (C) She Stoops to Conquer is a comedy byAnglo-Irish author Oliver Goldsmith that wasfirst performed in London in 1773. Initially theplay was titled Mistakes of a Night, and in-deed, the events within the play take place inone long night.

17. (C) Happy Valley is a 1939 novel by Australianauthor Patrick White. It won the 1941 AustralianLiterature Society Gold Medal.

18. (A)

19. (A) A feminine rhyme is a rhyme that matchestwo or more syllables, usually at the end ofrespective lines, in which the final syllable orsyllables are unstressed. It is also commonlyknown as double rhyme.

20. (A)

21. (B) For Eliot, the term ‘tradition’ is imbuedwith a special and complex character. Itrepresents a ‘simultaneous order’, by whichEliot means a historical timelessness – a fusionof past and present – and, at the same time, asense of present temporality.

22. (C) Cavalier Poets is a broad description of aschool of English poets of the 17th century, whocame from the classes the supported KingCharles I during the English Civil War. Thebest known of the Cavalier poets are RobertHerrick, Richard Lovelace, Thomas Carew, andSir John Suckling.

23. (B) The Transcendence of the Ego is aphilosophical and psychological essay writtenby Jean-Paul Sartre in 1934 and Published in1936.

UGC-NET/JRF/SLET English (Paper-II)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174823724 Author : Surya Pal Yadav

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