UEAtc Technical Guide for the

Assessment of Roof Waterproofing

Systems made of

Reinforced APP or SBS

Polymer Modified Bitumen Sheets(APP = Atactic Polypropylene)

(SBS = Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)

GENERAL SECRETARIAT: British Board of Agrément (BBA)P O Box 195, Bucknalls Lane, Garston, Watford, Herts WD25 9BATelephone: 01923 665300 Facsimile: 01923 665301e-mail: mail@bba.star.co.uk website: www.bbacerts.co.uk

©2003

M.O.A.T.

No 64 : 2001

December 2001

UNION EUROPÉENNEPOUR L’AGRÉMENT TECHNIQUEDANS LA CONSTRUCTION

EUROPÄISCHE UNIONFÜR DAS AGRÉMENTIM BAUWESEN

EUROPEAN UNIONOFAGRÉMENT

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This document has been prepared jointly by the member institutes of the UEAtc listed below : BBA The British Board of Agrement (Watford) representing the United Kingdom CSTB Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (Paris) representing France DIBT Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (Berlin) representing Germany EMI Plc Epitésügyi Minöségellenörzö Innovaciones/RT (Budapest) representing

Hungary ETA Dansk Selskab for Europoeisk Teknisk Godkendelse of Byggevarer

(Hørsholm) representing Denmark IAB Irish Agrement Board (Dublin) representing Ireland ICITE Instituto Centrale per l'Industrializzazione e la Tecnologia Edilizia (Milan)

representing Italy IETcc Instituto de Ciencas de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (Madrid) representing

Spain INCERC Institutul National de Cercetari - Dezvoltare in Constuctii si Economia

Constructiilor (Bucharest) representing Romania ITB Instytut Techniki Budowlanej (Warsaw) representing Poland LNEC Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (Lisbon) representing Portugal NBI Norges Byggforskningsinstitutt (Oslo) representing Norway SBK Stichting Bouwkwaliteit (Rijswijk) representing the Netherlands SITAC Sventsk Byggodkännande AB (Karlskrona) representing Sweden TZUS Techniky a Zküsebni Üstav Stavebni (Prague) representing Czech Republic UBAtc Union Belge pour l'Agrément Technique dans la Construction (Brussels)

representing Belgium VTT The Technical Research Centre of Finland (Helsinki) representing Finland Each member institute uses this document for the assessment of appropriate products for granting, in its own country, Agrément Certificates recognised by other members. ICITE acted as rapporteur.

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Contents 0 INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE 2 IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 Identification characteristics of the sheets 2.2 Identification characteristics of the coating medium 2.3 Identification characteristics of the reinforcement

3 REQUIREMENTS 3.1 General requirements 3.2 Additional requirements 3.3 Durability requirements

4 TEST METHODS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Identification test methods 4.3 General test methods 4.4 Test methods regarding durability

5 QUALITY CONTROL 5.1 General 5.2 Internal check 5.3 Monitoring by an independent body

6 CONTENT OF THE APPROVAL 6.1 Purpose, defined as a function of 6.2 Description 6.3 Brief description of manufacturing process 6.4 List of controls in the course of manufacture 6.5 Installation 6.6 References

Appendix 1 : BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix 2 : DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY Appendix 3 : CLASSIFICATION Appendix 4 : RULES FOR INSTALLATION ON SITE Appendix 5 : FORMAT FOR INSPECTION BRIEF Appendix 6 : UNOFFICIAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION ON ELASTIC RECOVERY FOR SBS

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0 INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of 1980s, the UEAtc has published several Directives and Guides for the assessment of roof waterproofing systems. These documents, which were forerunners at European as well as international level, have enabled the free exchange of waterproofing membranes between numerous countries. At the time of the entrance of the Scandinavian countries into UEAtc, a revision of these Directives and Guides should have been considered, since the testing methods applied in these countries are sometimes different; however this revision never took place because of different priorities. Moreover, the enlargement of the EC to include new countries (as Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, etc.) makes this revision urgent. The publication of the EN and prEN standards of CEN TC 254 seems to be the ideal time to review these documents from the point of view of the testing methods and possible, if necessary, to adapt the corresponding criteria. In the CEN product standards, there are listed only the characteristics to be fulfilled on the basis of the essential requirements with no limit except the manufacture's limiting value or manufacturer's determined value. In UEAtc Guides it is necessary to establish all the characteristics with limits and tolerances and the requirements necessary to be able to assess the fitness for a well known end use and this on the basis of a respectable number of years of experience. The EN and prEN standards were adopted without any modification, but in exceptional cases it was necessary to introduce variation from the standards to fulfil the assessment criteria based onto a long experience of mutual acknowledgement of the necessary requirements. It appears that the CE attestation of conformity is not adapted to assess the fitness for use in waterproofing systems, because in the CE attestation reference is to a single sheet (a product) without any link to the system and/or to the use with other sheets to achieve a waterproofing system. The introduced modifications are considered to be necessary from many points of view; among these it is important to recall mostly : - in some EN standards the tests are performed in only one direction, while the anisotropy makes it necessary to

verify both directions (machine and cross) - more, for fulfilling certain requirements it is necessary to specify better where and how the measurements have to

be done. This Guide supersedes the old General Directive and Technical Guides regarding the waterproofing systems and membranes; in particular : - General Directive for the assessment of Roof Waterproofing Systems (January 1983) - Special Directive for the assessment of Reinforced Waterproof Coverings in Atactic Polypropylene (APP)

Polymer Bitumen (August 1984) - Special Directive for the assessment of Reinforced Homogeneous Waterproof Coverings of Styrene-Butadiene-

Styrene (SBS) Elastomer Bitumen (August 1984) - UEAtc special Technical Guide for the assessment of single layer roof waterproofings (March 1991) The UEAtc Supplementary guide for the assessment of mechanically fastened roof waterproofing (April 1991) is superseded by the EOTA guideline for mechanically fastened waterproofing systems (ETAG 006-2000).. The Special Directives for the assessment of Waterproof Coverings in APP (Atactic Polypropylene) Polymer Bitumen Reinforced with Sheets of Polythene Film (April 1987) is maintained only as reference document.

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1 SCOPE The purpose of this Technical Guide is to establish a basis for assessing waterproofing systems using sheets of bitumen modified with plastomeric, elasto-plastomeric and elastomeric polymers, especially APP or SBS, reinforced with non woven and/or woven fabrics, synthetic and/or mineral, for use in roofs. The adopted description does not mean that the constituent associated with the term bitumen is the only one, but that is the major constituent in the composition of the product. It is limited to continuous watertight systems based on flexible sheets manufactured in the factory. Mechanically fastened roof waterproofing systems (see ETAG 006-2000) and the sheets, reinforced with a synthetic film (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), are not covered by this Technical Guide. All the characteristics required in this Technical Guide are to be checked on test specimens sampled by an independent institute. This document does not attempt the assessment of the whole roof, but in assessing the waterproofing system account has to be taken of those elements of the roof structure (e.g. the support and the protection) that may affect the performance of the waterproofing system. Within the assessment the manufacturer shall indicate the different membranes to be examined regarding the compatibility. This document can also be used for assessing non homogeneous (APP + SBS, SBS + APP, ....) systems provided that the inherent problems to do with the physical behaviour of these systems and the problems of compatibility of the polymer modified bitumen membrane with the bitumen based layers in contact with it are carefully dealt with. For special applications, such roofgardens, car pardecks, ... additional requirements regarding the fitness for use and installation techniques shall be taken into account by the approval institute.

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2 IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS This chapter sets out the necessary characteristics for identifying the products (sheets, coating medium, reinforcement) referring to the values advertised by the manufacturer. The values shall be defined as : ! MLV : as stated by the manufacturer to be met during testing. The MLV can be a minimum or a maximum value; ! MDV : as a value declared by the manufacturer accompanied by a declared tolerance. The arithmetic mean value

calculated from a number of test results shall lie within the tolerance declared for the characteristic. 95 % of the individual results shall lie within the declared tolerance unless otherwise specified in this Technical Guide.

The approving institute verifies these values. 2.1 Identification characteristics of the sheets TABLE 2.1

Characteristics Test method reference Acceptable deviation Thickness § 4.2.1 The average measured value may deviate by ± 5%

from MDV respecting the requirements in Chapter 3

Mass per unit area

§ 4.2.2 For sheets without incorporated mineral protection:

MDV ± 10% For sheets with incorporated mineral protection :

MDV ± 15% Width § 4.2.3 ≥ MLV Length § 4.2.3 ≥ MLV Maximum tensile force*

§ 4.2.4 Depending on the nature of reinforcement :

- mineral reinf. : ≥ MLV - synth. reinf. : MDV ± 20 %

Elongation at maximum tensile force* § 4.2.4

Depending on the nature of reinforcement : - mineral reinf. : ≥ MLV

synth. reinf. : MDV ± 15 % abs.

Flexibility at low temperature § 4.2.5

Non-cracking temperature ≤ MLV respecting the requirements in Chapter 3

Quantity of incorporated mineral protection

§ 4.2.6 ≥ MLV

* In the case of sheets with composite (= mineral + synthetic) reinforcements which give rise to two or more distinct peaks on the force or elongation curve, the force or elongation of the two greatest peaks shall be recorded.

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2.2 Identification characteristics of the coating medium TABLE 2.2

Characteristics Test method reference Acceptable deviation Fines content or Ash content § 4.2.8-A or § 4.2.8-B MDV ± 5 % Ring and ball softening temperature § 4.2.9 ≥ MLV Penetration at 60°C § 4.2.10 ONLY FOR APP MODIFIED BITUMEN

≥ MLV Elastic recovery § 4.2.11 ONLY FOR SBS MODIFIED BITUMEN

≥ MLV (after an elongation of 200% the measured value

must be ≤ 10% of initial length of the test specimen)

2.3 Identification characteristics of the reinforcement TABLE 2.3

Characteristics Test method reference Acceptable deviation Nature ----- Information given by the manufacturer Mass per unit area §. 4.2.12 MDV ± 15% Maximum tensile force §. 4.2.13 For mineral non-woven reinforcement ≥ MLV

For all the other reinforcements MDV ± 20% Elongation at maximum tensile force

§. 4.2.13 Test not necessary for mineral reinforcement For all the other reinforcements MDV ± 15 % absolute

Mesh number (Only for woven fabrics and nets)

§. 4.2.14 MDV ± 2 absolute measured over 200 mm

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3 REQUIREMENTS This chapter sets out the requirements of the waterproofing sheets and systems and the assessment criteria relating to them. These requirements are defined in respect of the classification and the general rules for installation on site as mentioned in appendix 3 & 4. For ease of reference, the requirements, to be respected for all types of bituminous waterproofing sheets and systems for the use on roofs, are mentioned in § 3.1. In § 3.2 the additional requirements relating to this family of coverings and to particular application (multi-layer, single layer, etc.) are listed. The assessment according the mentioned requirements shall provide the approval institute enough information to select the appropriate classification and rules for installation on site as mentioned in appendix 3 and 4 and eventual national rules. 3.1 General requirements 3.1.1 Requirements for waterproofing systems TABLE 3.1.1.

Characteristics Test method reference

Requirements

Fire behaviour § 4.3.1 National provisions � EC-provisions Resistance to wind uplift (pull-off under suction) § 4.3.2 Test result (in kPa) only for non-ballasted

systems, according to National Practice.

Resistance to peel from the support § 4.3.3 ≥ 25 N/50 mm test only for glued systems or non

homogenous systems Resistance to slippage § 4.3.4 ≤ 2 mm for all glued systems,depending on

slope and national installation rules Test not necessary for torched systems made of sheets with a flow resistance at

elevated temperature at least equal to 120°C or with a mechanical fastening in the sheet

head. Resistance to cyclic movement (fatigue) § 4.3.5 No damage

Test necessary only for fully bonded systems made with mineral reinforced

sheets solely Resistance to static loading § 4.3.9 According to National Practice

the UEAtc will propose figures after having experience gathered within two years

Resistance to impact § 4.3.10 According to National Practice the UEAtc will propose figures after having

gathered experience within two years Thickness § 4.2.1 Based on experience, UEAtc recommends

the following thicknesses of the system - Single layer systems MLV ≥ 3,8 mm. - Multi-layer systems ≥ 5,0 mm or in

compliance with National Practice

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Resistance to tearing (nail shank) § 4.3.11 According National Practice Multi-layer systems MLV ≥ 50 N

Single layer systems MLV ≥ 150 N Shear resistance of joints § 4.3.12 Break outside of the joints or ≥ 500 N/50

mm Test necessary only for single layer systems

with joints made with adhesives Peel resistance of joints § 4.3.13 Based on experience, the UEAtc

recommends the following in respect of the quality of jointing for the relevant materials At least ≥ 40 N/50 mm for APP modified

bitumen At least ≥ 100 N/50 mm for SBS modified

bitumen Test necessary only for single layer systems

3.1.2 Requirements for the sheets

TABLE 3.1.2. Characteristics Test method

reference Requirements

Watertightness § 4.3.6 Resisting to 10 kPa Dimensional stability (free shrinkage) § 4.3.7 - synthetic reinforcement (polyester,

composite, ...) : ≤ 0,5% for multilayer application* ≤ 0,3% for single layer application

- Mineral reinforcement : Test not necessary

Moisture resistance factor (µ) §. 4.3.16 If necessary, the moisture resistance factor µ may be determined in accordance with §.

4.3.16 Flow resistance at elevated temperature § 4.3.8 For APP modified bitumen ≥ 120°C

For SBS modified bitumen ≥ 100°C Resistance to static loading § 4.3.9 ≥ MLV Resistance to impact § 4.3.10 ≤ MLV Flexibility at low temperature § 4.2.5 Based on experience, UEAtc requires :

For APP modified bitumen at least ≤ -5°C without damage

For SBS modified bitumen at least ≤ -15°C without damage

Determination of adhesion of granules § 4.2.7

The loss of granules must be evenly distributed.

The surface must remain covered (check with naked eye). The granules loss must be

less of 30% of the previously measured quantity of incorporated mineral protection

(* The toplayer of the multilayer system shall comply with this criterium; for the underlayer reference is made to national practice)

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3.2 Additional requirements 3.2.1 Requirements for sheets with a metallic foil surfacing TABLE 3.2.1.

Characteristics Test method reference

Requirements

Form stability under cyclical temperature change § 4.3.14 No loss of adhesion, no visual defects and ∆L ≤ 0,2%

3.2.2 Requirements for sheets to be used in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, if required by national provisions TABLE 3.2.2.

Characteristics Test method reference

Requirements

Flexibility at low temperature § 4.2.5 For APP and SBS modified bitumen (on the single sheet) for Finland ≤ -20°C

For Norway, Denmark and Sweden ≤ -15°C No damage

Resistance to impact at -10°C § 4.3.10 The Nordic countries will propose figures after gathering experience within two years

Watertightness after stretching at low temperature § 4.3.15 no leakage at 10% elongation (-10 °C, 15 kPa)

3.3 Durability requirements Note : As the CEN documents on durability provide actually no relationship between the artificial behaviour and the service life (lifetime) of a product in end-use conditions, it was agreed to maintain the actual UEAtc durability conditions with regard to temperature, water, UV, � especially as UEAtc has enough experience and references. The moment experience is obtained in respect of prEN 1297 and a correlation is set up with the UEAtc durability conditions and requirements the UEAtc shall revise this chapter. In general the family of APP modified bitumen products are been found satisfactory regarding the UV ageing. In the past years of experience on approvals this family of products have never failed on this kind of ageing. The family of unprotected SBS modified bitumen products is susceptible to UV ageing. However, the waterproofing may be deemed to be satisfactory if : - they are used under heavy protection (ballast) - they incorporate, during manufacture, a durable surface protection as mineral chippings or a metallic surfacing

layer.

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TABLE 3.3

Characteristics of the membrane Test method reference

Requirements

Ageing on exposure to temperature* - flexibility at low t° 24 weeks at 70°C - flow resistance at elevated t° 2 4 weeks at 70°C - resistance to peel from the support 4 weeks at 80°C (at least on concrete support) (Compatibility** with the bonding materials and other sheets with different composition � specific test for non homogeneous and/or glued systems)

§ 4.4.1 + § 4.2.5

§ 4.4.1 + § 4.3.8

§ 4.4.1 + § 4.3.3

- Non-cracking temperature ≤ 0°C

-Max. deviation of 15 °C to the initial flexibility at low t°

- APP modified bitumen :

Non-flow point ≥ 110°C - SBS modified bitumen :

Non-flow point ≥ 90°C

≥ 50% of the initial value and ≥ 25 N/50 mm

If the maximum decrease is not meet, but greater than 25 N/50 mm, more

justifications about compatibility are necessary

Ageing on exposure to water - flexibility at low t° 1 week in water at (in case of doubt concerning 23°C the quality of reinforcement impregnation)

§ 4.4.2 + § 4.2.5

Maximum deviation of the initial flexibility at low temperature of 5°C. Test necessary

for sheets with novel innovatic reinforcement or reinforcement with mass

per unit area greater than 250 g/m² Characteristics of the joints Test method

reference Requirements

Ageing on exposure to water (1 week at 60 °C) test (only for glued jointing technique) - sheer resistance of joints - peel resistance of joints

§. 4.4.3 + 4.3.12

§. 4.4.3 + 4.3.13

∆ ≤ 20 %*** ∆ ≤ 20 %***

* The characteristics are determined in the initial and final stage (on request at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks). For

use in the Nordic countries (DK, SW, Fi, No) 12 weeks are enough. ** Specific test for non-homogeneous systems, for glued systems and other similar systems are to be studied. *** If the deviation is more than 20 % from the initial value more investigation is necessary.

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4 TEST METHODS 4.1 Introduction The tests defined in this chapter are, in general, identification or performance tests for the assessment of waterproofing systems. In using the performance tests given, it is necessary to consider the various possibilities of application, in terms of types of support, methods of laying and the types of protection available, so that test samples selected represent the worst possible situation for the particular test in question, from the directions given by the manufacturer/applicant. With some waterproofing systems, the ultimate properties of the system will not be achieved until after a period of curing has taken place. In general, unless special precautions are taken on site, a system must have reached sufficient cure in 4 to 6 hours under the most adverse site conditions permitted for installation so that it is able to resist the normal changes in the envisaged climatic conditions (i.e. frost conditions, precipitation, wind suction and thermal movement of the supporting substrate). If not otherwise specified for the test conditions, the tests will be carried out after conditioning the samples for 7 days at 23°C. Normally it is assumed that the sheet after 7 days from the manufacturing has reached a state in which the characteristics to be measured are constant. The samples must be stored in a place repaired from the direct sunlight and at constant temperature. The test must be initiated before 6 months (= 180 d) from the manufacturing date. When torching or hot bitumen are used as the bonding system, all tests can be carried out 24 hours after sample preparation. Where other kinds of bonding systems (i.e. adhesives) are used, the tests will be carried out on the indications given by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise stated, all tests will be carried out at 23 ± 2°C and with a relative humidity between 30 and 70% RH in a testing laboratory as agreed with the approval organisation. 4.2 Identification test methods 4.2.1 Thickness The test method is the standard EN 1849-1 § 4 with the following clarifications : - for sheets with incorporated mineral protection or with a metallic protection the thickness have to be measured on

the selvedge (where the protection does not exist, prEN 13707 § 5.2.2), in machine direction, approximately at 2/3 from the edge;

- a synthetic protection (film, non woven or fabric) with a mass per unit area less than 80 g/m² shall be considered as integral part of the thickness;

- for multi-layer systems, the thickness is the sum of the thicknesses of the individual sheet, without taking into account the eventual thickness of the adhesive (hot bitumen, cold adhesive, ...).

4.2.2 Mass per unit area The test method is the standard EN 1849-1 § 5 4.2.3 Width, length The test method is the standard EN 1848-1

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4.2.4 Tensile properties The test method is the standard EN 12311-1 It is necessary to mention if the eventual non-permanent surfacing layers (anti-adherent, protecting, etc.) are removed or not. 4.2.5 Flexibility at low temperature The test method is the standard EN 1109 with the following clarifications : - number of test pieces 10 in machine direction (L) and 10 in cross direction (T) for every testing temperature - 5 test pieces of 10 L and 5 pieces of 10 T shall be tested with the upper surface in contact with the mandrel, the

other with the bottom surface in contact with mandrel. - the protective film must be removed if possible - in the case of sheets with an incorporated protection (metallic or mineral) the test shall be performed only on the

face without protection - in the case of sheets where the reinforcement is placed less than 0,5 mm from the upper face, it has to be tested

only the bottom face. The test report mentions all details necessary for the evaluation. - the test must be performed after two hours of cooling at the testing temperature - the test shall be performed according to §. 8.3 or 8.4 of EN 1109, where the test temperature is the MLV or the

required temperature in tables 3.1.2, 3.2.2 and 3.3. 4.2.6 Quantity of incorporated mineral protection The quantity of mineral protection shall be determined by difference in weight between the selvedge and the protected part of the sheet (see point 4.2.2). The mass of the selvedge shall be determined taking three specimens from the selvedge with dimensions 300 x 50 mm and following the same procedure as in point 4.2.2. In case of dispute the quantity of incorporated mineral protection is determined with the method of extraction by Soxhlet described in EN 12039 Annex B. 4.2.7 Determination of adhesion of granules The test method is the standard EN 12039 with the following clarifications : • the initial mass of granules is determined in accordance with point 4.2.6 • In case of dispute the quantity of incorporated mineral protection is determined with the method of extraction by

Soxhlet described in EN 12039 Annex B 4.2.8 Fines content One of the two following methods shall be used to check the fines and ash content in line with what the manufacturer declares. The results obtained with the two following methods are not comparable (the calcium carbonate decomposes under the action of temperature in calcium oxide and carbon dioxide with a loss of about 40%) METHOD A - Soxhlet extraction method for fines content The fines content is determined by Soxhlet extraction using as solvent trichloroethylene or xylene. Three to five grams of coating medium is weighed with a scale 0,01 g accuracy (P1), put in a Soxhlet paper thimble, previously desiccated at 105°C and weighed (P2), and then extracted up to the solvent is fully clear. The thimble is desiccated at 105°C and weighed (P3). The percentage of fines is reported as (P3-P2) x 100 / P1. All constituent particles not larger than 0,08 mm are considered as fines. METHOD B - Ash method for fines content The fines content is measured by ignition at 900°C in a calcinating oven. Three to five grams of coating medium is weighed with a scale 0,01 g accuracy (P1), put in a crucible, previously dried at 900°C and weighed (P2). The crucible is heated with a Bunsen until the bitumen is carbonised without flame as much as possible and then incinerated for 3 hours in the oven. The crucible is cooled at ambient temperature in a desiccator and weighed (P3).

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The percentage of fines is reported as (P3-P2) x 100 / P1. All constituent particles not larger than 0,08 mm are considered as fines. 4.2.9 Ring and Ball softening temperature The test method is the standard EN 1427 4.2.10 Penetration at 60°C The test method is the standard EN 1426 only with the specimen fully immersed in the water bath (§ 7.2) 4.2.11 Elastic recovery The test method is the NF-XP P 84-360 ed. Juillet 1996 (AFNOR). A free translation in English is enclosed to this document. It is reminded that all official actions have to respect the official French document. 4.2.12 Mass per unit area of the reinforcement The test method is the standard EN 29073 Part 1 4.2.13 Tensile strength and elongation at break of the reinforcement The test method is the standard EN 29073 Part 3 4.2.14 Mesh number The mesh number (and eventually the mesh size) shall be determined over a length of 200 mm in both directions 4.3 General test methods 4.3.1 Fire behaviour Fire tests must be carried out in accordance with National Standards or CEN documents.

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4.3.2 Resistance to wind uplift (pull-off under suction) For the non-ballasted systems (bonded or glued) full scale testing according EOTA reference document ETAG 006 �Systems of mechanically fastened flexible roof waterproofing membranes� (2000) shall be taken into account with some adaptations influenced by the bonding application as given below. Test specimen The approval institute together with the applicant shall determine a representative combination to be tested. The tested combination will have the lowest characteristic resistance of the combinations mentioned in the approval. Depending on the experience of the approval body, results of resistance to peel from the support (base layer) and full scale wind uplift tests on similar or generic systems can be performed on the weakest system as well to determine the upper boundary of design value of the wind resistance. The minimum dimensions of the test specimen and the pressure chamber are at least 2 x 2m. To initiate the rupture (delamination) of the bonded membrane, and in the case an insulated substrate is concerned, the insulation panels have to be sufficiently mechanically fastened on the support. The support will be sufficiently perforated to allocate the wind suction under the membrane itself. Test procedure To adapt the peak loads (to be expressed in kPa instead of load per fastener), see the following table

Number of cycles Maximum load (kPa) 4 1,0 1 1,5 1 2,0 1 2,5 1 3,0 1 3,5

etc etc No correction to the test load will be made as long as the minimum dimensions of the test specimen and the pressure chamber are 2 x 2m (W corr = Wtest ; Ca and Cd = 1). The admissible (design) load of the glued system , W adm , is calculated according the following formula: Wadm = Wcorr / Ym ( Ym = safety factor relating to the effects of materials and defective quality of installation and set to 1,5 , if no national regulation exists in respect of this safety factor) Additionally the test report will also indicate the age of the test specimen (the age of the test specimen will be based upon the indication given by the manufacturer depending by the drying conditions of the used adhesive). 4.3.3 Resistance to peel from the support General This test is useful for the following considerations : - it allows extrapolation from the wind uplift test (see point 4.3.2) to all supports where the resistance to peel is

superior to that obtained on the support used in the wind uplift test - it can be used to test the bond achieved at upstands - it can be used to assess bonding agents that may be sensitive to ageing, heat and humidity. Apparatus - tensile test machine as described in EN 12311-1 §5 - peel test frame consisting of a frame capable to maintain a peeling angle of 90° ± 5° during the peeling process. Test samples Specimens of the roofing system are laid on the suitable substrates (at least a concrete slab is used as support. If requested by the applicant, in agreement with the approval institute, other supports can be used) of at least 300 x 300 mm surface dimensions. A sheet sample 50 mm longer than the substrate is fully bonded to it except at one end where

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the sample is unbonded for a distance of 50 mm to facilitate the clamping of the specimen and a satisfactory starting of the peel. Cuts are made down to the substrate (be carefully that the substrate have not to be cut) along the length of the sample to provide three peel strips 50 mm wide for every system.

Procedure Three specimens are submitted to peeling, one at a time, at the rate of 100 mm/min Method A It is essentially a rigid steel frame mounted on the moving crosshead of the tensile test machine. On this frame is located, by means of free running bearings, a carriage onto which the specimen is mounted. By means of a wire and a pulley arrangement the motion of the crosshead of the tensile test machine is transferred to the carriage in the ratio 1 : 1. A counter weight is fitted to permit the carriage to return to the start position and to maintain the tension in the wire. Method B A frame, onto which the specimen is mounted, is fixed on a rigid wall at a distance from the tensile test machine not less of 2,5 m and at a height sufficient to maintain a peeling angle of 90° ± 5° during the test. A wire transmits the peeling force to the specimen by means of a pulley fixed on the crosshead of the tensile machine.

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Result The test method, the type of rupture, the maximum peel strength for every test specimen and the mean peel strength of the three are recorded, specifying the test method and following the instructions given in the EN 12316/1 §9 or with computerised method. In the test report, the mounting of the test specimens shall be stated, especially with regard to the nature of this support and the eventual physical characteristics of the membranes and glue. Note for compatibility purpose In case of verification of compatibility of the sheet with sheets of different family or adhesives, the test specimens, constituted by support, adhesive or sheet of different family and sheet under approbation, have to be submitted to artificial ageing at elevated temperature following the standard prEN 1296 for 4 weeks 4.3.4 Resistance to slippage Procedure The specimens are glued or torched onto steel plates in accordance with the manufacturer�s installation instructions. Aluminium sheets are glued using a two-part adhesive onto the specimens in such a way to allow marking of a line before and after the test. Test samples are left 24 hours after preparation before initial line is marked on aluminium in respect to the reference marks on the steel plate. The test samples are placed into the oven at 80 ± 2°C in a horizontal position for 1 hour and then for 2 hours at the maximum declared slope. The samples are taken out of the oven and maintained for 24 hours in the horizontal plane and allowed to cool at ambient temperature. Another line is drawn in respect to the reference marks and the distance measured between the two lines at the centre of the specimen. Result The slippage of the sheet is the average of the three distances measured with an accuracy of 0,2mm.

4.3.5 Resistance to cyclic movement (fatigue)

General This test permits the determination of the resistance to fatigue movement of waterproofing fully bonded systems due to gaps (not expansion joints) in the substrates. The resistance to fatigue movement is determined by applying the specimen on a specified substrate with a specified gap and investigating, after opening and closing the gap at a given speed, amplitude and temperature, the effects on the system both visually and by determining the watertightness at the area over the gap. (EOTA Guideline for liquid applied roof waterproofing systems-Technical Appendix 08)

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Apparatus - Fatigue testing machine with two rigid plates at both sides of a gap, on which a specified substrate can be fixed (at

both sides of the gap between the rigid plates). One or both of the plates are capable of moving in a horizontal plane with a speed of (16 ± 0, 1) mm/h.

- Cold box or refrigerator designed to reach a temperature of �20 ± 2°C and with a size that can contain the fatigue-testing machine.

- Specified substrate : concrete slabs prepared according EN 1323 § 5 with dimensions 200 x 200 mm. The surface of the slab, onto which the specimen is to be applied, shall be formed by the top surface. Test specimen Only one test specimen is tested for every direction (machine and cross). The test specimen shall have a width of at least 50 mm and a length of at least 150 mm, shall be applied as prescribed by the applicant and shall be fully bonded to the surface of the two pieces of the specified substrate with gap, using a gap protection spacer of 2,0 mm. The assembled test pieces shall be cured at 23 ± 2°C and at 50% HR ± 5 for at least 24 hours in case of torching or hot bitumen bonding and for the period as prescribed by the manufacturer in case of bonding with adhesives. Procedure The test shall be carried out at a temperature of -10 ± 2°C. Position the fatigue-testing machine in the cold box and adjust the temperature to -10 ± 2°C. Fix the starting point and adjust the amplitude of movement and the speed of the movement to 16 min/h. Condition the cured test specimen including the substrate at -10 ± 2°C for at least 16 h in the fatigue-testing machine. Fix the relevant substrates to the rigid plates of the machine. The test specimen shall be placed in such a way that movement occurs only at the gap in the substrate, which shall be exactly in line with the gap between the two rigid plates Start the fatigue procedure by increasing the 2,0 mm gap to 3,0 mm, remove the gap spacer and subsequently cycle between 3,0 and 1,0 mm. Apply 500 cycles. Stop the test after the specified number of cycles. Take the test specimen out from the cold box and return it to ambient temperature. Examine the test specimen thoroughly for effects such as cracks, delamination, splitting or tearing on the top surface and loss of adhesion at the gap. Measure the length of debonding, if any. Determine the watertightness of the specimen over the gap at room temperature by using a pipe of sufficient size to impose a head of water of 100 mm during 24 hrs. Result Record the mode of failure. Record as final result whether the test specimen remains watertight or not. The test specimen shall pass the watertightness test and the debonding, if any, does not exceed 100mm in total or 75 mm on one side of the gap. 4.3.6 Watertightness The test method is the standard EN 1928-Method A with the following clarification : - the test pressure shall be 10 kPa 4.3.7 Dimensional stability (free shrinkage) The test method is the standard EN 1107-1 In case of anisotropy, the test shall be done also in cross direction

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4.3.8 Flow resistance at elevated temperature The test method is the standard EN 1110 4.3.9 Resistance to static loading The test method is the standard EN 12730 with the following clarifications : - both the methods A (EPS 20) and B (concrete) are to be used - the test must be performed at step of 5 kg, starting from 5 kg and prosecuting just to 25 kg . - the results are expressed as L5 if the specimens are punctured with a load of 10 kg and not punctured with a load of 5 kg L10 if the specimens are punctured with a load of 15 kg and not punctured with a load of 10 kg L15 if the specimens are punctured with a load of 20 kg and not punctured with a load of 15 kg L20 if the specimens are punctured with a load of 25 kg and not punctured with a load of 20 kg L25 if the specimens are not punctured with a load of 25 kg In the case of multilayers, the sheets must be loose laid on the support and fully adhered in between. 4.3.10 Resistance to impact The test method is the standard EN 12691 with the following clarifications : - introduction of a puncturing tool with a diameter of 15 mm - the results are expressed as I10 if the specimens are not punctured with a puncturing tool with a diameter of 10 mm I15 if the specimens are punctured with a puncturing tool with a diameter of 10 and not punctured with a

puncturing tool with a diameter of 15 mm I20 if the specimens are punctured with a puncturing tool with a diameter of 15 mm and not punctured with a

puncturing tool with a diameter of 20 mm I30 if the specimens are punctured with a puncturing tool with a diameter of 20 mm and not punctured with a

puncturing tool with a diameter of 30 mm I40 if the specimens are punctured with a puncturing tool with a diameter of 30 mm and not punctured with a

puncturing tool with a diameter of 40 mm In the case of multilayers, the sheets must be loose laid on the support and fully adhered in between. 4.3.11 Resistance to tearing (nail shank) The test method is the standard EN 12310-1 with the following clarifications : - both the directions (machine and cross) have to be tested - the test specimens shall be measured 100 ± 1mm wide (test results on 50 mm wide can also be accepted). 4.3.12 Shear resistance of joints The test method is the standard EN 12317-1 4.3.13 Peel resistance of joints The test method is the standard EN 12316-1 with the following clarifications : - the length of the joint is recommended to be at least 300 mm, where applicable - the mean value of peel resistance can be calculated also with computerised method (through deformation energy,

etc)**

**NOTE : The purpose of the evaluation method specified here is to calculate an average peel resistance value which corresponds to the mean value of the forces acting on the test specimen at certain specified times during testing. This method also permits an evaluation to be carried out if the graphs do not feature any distinctive peaks. This can occur when testing some bonded materials. It should be noted that the results can vary, depending on the direction in which the specimens are taken.

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4.3.14 Form stability under cyclical temperature change The test method is the standard EN 1108 4.3.15 Determination of watertightness after stretchting at low temperature The test method is the standard prEN 13897 4.3.16 Determination of water vapour permeability The test method is EN 1931 and the result is expressed as a moisture resistance factor µ calculated according §. 9.1. simplified calculation procedure. 4.4 Test methods regarding durability 4.4.1 Durability of the membrane after temperature conditioning at specified temperature. The test specimens according EN 1296 are conditioned in a ventilated oven during a time period at constant temperature as specified hereafter. a) Flexibility at low temperature 24 weeks at 70°C Flexibility at low temperature is carried out as described in section § 4.2.5 (= EN 1109). b) Flow resistance at elevated temperature 24 weeks at 70°C Flow resistance at elevated temperature is carried out as described in section § 4.3.8 (= EN 1110).

c) Resistance to peeling 4 weeks at 80°C Resistance to peeling from the support is carried out as described in section § 4.3.3. 4.4.2 Durability of the membrane after water conditioning a) Flexibility at low temperature 1 week in water at 23°C Flexibility at low temperature is carried out as described in section § 4.2.5 (= EN 1109). 4.4.3 Durability of joints after water conditioning a) Resistance of joints is carried out as described in §. 4.3.12 after 1 week in water at 60 °C b) Resistance of joints is carried out as described in §. 4.3.13 after 1 week in water at 60 °C

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5 QUALITY CONTROL 5.1 General

The manufacture of polymers modified bitumen sheets must be quality-controlled (consisting of an internal self-check and supervision by an issuing institute). The possession of an ISO 9001 certificate by the manufacturer is to be taken into consideration if it can be verified by the issuing institute. 5.2 Internal check To ensure constant quality control of products is maintained, the internal checks performed by the manufacturer must comprise :

- raw materials check - inspections during production - finished product inspections and tests

The results of these checks are to be recorded and submitted to the institute responsible for supervision during the surveillance inspection as described in the following tables. If the manufacturer is ISO 9001 certified, the quality control data sheets of the QM can substitute internal tests. In this case the applicable part of the QC becomes integral part of the technical dossier. These results are to be kept for at least five years. 5.2.1 Raw materials check The scope of the raw materials check will be specified by the approving institute in agreement with the manufacturer. These inspections are used for checking the quality consistency of the following components :

- bitumen - polymer (APP/SBS) - fillers - reinforcement - protection

For these checks the supplier's appropriate documents can be taken into consideration (ISO 9001 certified suppliers of the raw materials). 5.2.2 Checks during production Apart from continuous production process and plant monitoring (temperature, line speed, weight, thickness, etc) checks shall be performed on the coating medium sampled in the production machine and on finished product on line. 5.2.2.1 On coating medium The purpose of this check is to confirm swiftly any deviation liable to affect the characteristics of the finished product. The characteristics to be checked at least are listed in the following table. R&B temperature Every week Dispersion control* Every batch** Penetration at 60°C for APP modified bitumen Every batch**

* Dispersion control = microscope or other accepted dispersion control test ** Batch = amount of product manufactured to the same specification within a maximum period of 24 h (see prEN

13707 � point 3.8)

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Elastic recovery for SBS modified bitumen before and after artificial ageing by long term exposure to elevated temperature

Every 6 months In agreement with the issuing institute

5.2.2.2 On finished product on line The purpose of this check is to confirm swiftly any deviations liable to affect the characteristics of the finished product. Apart from continuous production plant monitoring, checks shall be performed on the appearance and placement of the reinforcement. Appearance and continuity of the incorporated protection

Continuously

Thickness and/or mass per unit area (or mass of the roll) Every two hours Total width Every two hours Selvedge width Every two hours 5.2.3 Checks on finished product Within the context of the internal check, the manufacturer must verify at least the following characteristics at the minimum frequencies mentioned (in agreement with the approval institute the frequencies can be adapted). Thickness or Mass per unit area Every batch Flexibility at low temperature - initial - after heat ageing for 24 weeks at 70°C

Every week(a) Twice a year(a)

Dimensional stability Every week(b) Flow resistance at elevated temperature - initial - after heat ageing for 24 weeks at 70°C

Every week(a) Twice a year(a)

Tensile properties Every month(b) Resistance to tearing (nail shank) Twice per year(b) Shear resistance of joints Every year Peel resistance of joints Every year Adhesion of granules Every month(c) Form stability under cyclical temperature change only for metallic sheets

Every year

(a) In the case where a manufacturer is continuously producing numerous differently reinforced sheets, and/or sheets

which differ only by the presence of incorporated protection, whilst using the same type of coating and having a similar thickness, the frequency for these tests, which relate essentially to the type of coating, may be considered on the total number of these different sheets.

(b) In case where a manufacturer is continuously producing numerous different sheets which contain the same carrier

(type and mass) and the same type of coating, the frequency of these tests which relate essentially to the carrier, may be considered on the total number of these different sheets.

(c) In the case where a manufacturer is continuously producing numerous differently reinforced sheets with incorporated mineral protection or surfacing, whilst using the same type of coating, the frequency for this test may be considered on the total number of these different sheets.

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5.3 Monitoring by an independent body The manufacturer is required to conclude a supervision contract with a body recognised by the approving institute by arrangement with the confirming institute.

The inspection must take place at least twice per year. It relates to verification of internal inspection and the conditions pertaining to relevant personnel and equipment. During these visits samples will be taken for audit testing to be conducted once per year by an external laboratory or by the internal laboratory if accepted by the involved institute; the characteristics to be checked being those listed below. - Thickness - Flexibility at low temperature - Dimensional stability - Flow resistance at elevated temperature - Tensile properties - Quantity and adhesion of granules , if it is the case - Additional specific tests could be necessary for satisfying national fire requirements. In the case where a manufacturer is continuously producing numerous differently reinforced sheets and/or sheets which differ only by presence of incorporated protection, whilst using the same coating medium, the frequency for these tests may be considered on the total number of these different sheets. The inspection reports must be kept by the approving institute for a period of at least five years. The confirming institute of the country of destination could ask additional tests not included in the certification if required by national regulation, but must however recognise the inspection contract approved by the issuing institute.

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6 CONTENT OF THE APPROVAL The approval shall provide at least the following information : 6.1 Purpose, defined as function of : - Slope (see Appendix 3) - Accessibility (see Appendix 3) - Presence or not of protection - Compatible support (e.g. concrete or similar, timber or similar, insulation as base layer, etc.) 6.2 Description 6.2.1 Manufactured sheets (waterproofing sheets) - Chemical type - Presentation : length/s, width/s, thickness/es, weight of roll/s, type/s of reinforcement and finishes - Composition of the sheet/s - Identification characteristics of the coating medium (MDV or MLV and measured values) - Identification characteristics of the reinforcement/s (MDV or MLV and measured values) - Identification characteristics of the sheet/s (MDV or MLV and measured values) as reported in table 2.1 - Specific properties of the sheet/s as reported in chapter 3 - Other properties (in the case for information only) 6.2.2 Other materials (adhesives, screeds, other sheets, etc.) - Chemical type - General declared identification characteristics 6.2.3 Conditioning and storage of the various materials 6.3 Brief description of manufacturing process 6.4 List of controls in the course of manufacture 6.5 Installation - Preparation work of the substrate - Composition of the roofing system on main part of the roof and type of connection of the roofing to its support - Installation process (including joints between sheets) and any point that should be specially mentioned to the

contractors with the relevant drawings - Repair and maintenance processes 6.6 Reference Information about address, age, dimension, design, composition, behaviour, etc.

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APPENDIX 1 : BIBLIOGRAPHY CEN STANDARDS : - EN 1107-1 - Determination of dimensional stability - Part 1 : Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - EN 1108 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of form stability under cyclical temperature

changes - EN 1109 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of flexibility at low temperature - EN 1110 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of flow resistance at elevated temperature - EN 1296 - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roofing - Method of artificial ageing by long term exposure to

elevated temperature - EN 1426 - Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of needle penetration - EN 1427 - Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of softening point - Ring and Ball method - EN 1848-1 - Determination of length, width and straightness - Part 1 : Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - EN 1849-1 - Determination of thickness and mass per unit area - Part 1 : Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - EN 1928 - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of watertightness - EN 12039 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of adhesion of granules - EN 12310-1 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) - EN 12311-1 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of tensile properties - EN 12316-1 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of peel resistance of joints - EN 12317-1 - Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of shear resistance of joints - EN 12691 - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of impact resistance - EN 12730 - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing - Determination of resistance to static

loading - prEN 13707 - Reinforced bituminous sheets for roof waterproofing - Definitions and characteristics - EN 29073-1 - Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Determination of mass per unit area - EN 29073-3 - Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Determination of tensile strength and elongation - prEN 13897 - Flexible sheets for waterproofing - Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing -

Determination of watertightness after stretching at low temperature (under approval) EOTA GUIDELINES : - Guideline for mechanically fastened waterproofing systems - ETAG 006 - Guideline for liquid applied roof waterproofing systems - Technical appendix 08 - Fatigue resistance UEAtc : - General directive for the assessment of roof waterproofing systems - Special directives for the assessment of reinforced waterproof coverings in atactic polypropylene (APP) polymer

bitumen - Special directives for the assessment of reinforced homogeneous waterproof coverings of Styrene-Butadiene-

Styrene (SBS) elastomer bitumen - General guide for the assessment of insulant as support of waterproofing sheets OTHER STANDARDS : - NF XP P84-360 - Détermination du retour élastique des liants bitumineuses - EN-ISO 9001 - 2000 Quality management systems. Requirements.

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APPENDIX 2 : DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 1 Waterproofing system A waterproofing system consists of all the essential materials, components and accessories to provide a waterproof barrier to the roof structure, including the necessary detailing to cope with internal and external angles, upstands, verges, gullies, rainwater outlets, expansion joints, etc. Assembly of one or more layers of roofing sheets in its applied and jointed form, which has certain performance characteristics, to be assessed as a whole. Where only one layer is used this is usually referred to as a single layer system. A bituminous roofing system is formed on site by connecting and sealing one or more super-imposed layers of bitumen sheets to form a single composite waterproof layer for use over flat, pitched or vertical surfaces according to building application requirements. 2 Base layer (support layer) The layer situated immediately below the waterproofing system. 3 Roof In this document the roof is defined as consisting of the structural elements and all intermediate elements up to the surface exposed to the weather. The various elements that may be used in a roof are given below. In any particular roof one or more of the elements may be omitted, the minimum specification being a structural deck and a waterproofing system. 4 Roof elements 4.1 Protection One or more layers of material applied or placed on the upper surface of the waterproofing system. The protection may have an aesthetic requirement, but its main function usually is to protect the waterproofing system from the effects of solar radiation or mechanical effects such as wear or wind uplift. Main types of protection : a no protection b factory applied protection : -mineral finishing -metallic finishing -organic finishing c site applied protection -paint -sheet -chippings or gravels : -light (thin layer of gravels) -medium (layer of gravels 20-50 mm thick) -heavy (layer of gravels greater than 50 mm) -slabs -pavements -roof gardens Methods of application : a-bonded to the waterproof layer b-loose laid on the waterproofing layer with or without an anti perforation layer c-separated from the waterproofing layer by an air space (slabs on support)

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4.2 Separation layer (Isolation layer) A layer of material laid between the roof elements to prevent adhesion between the elements and transmission of differential movement or to prevent chemical reaction between the various elements. 4.3 Watertight layer One or more layer of waterproofing materials applied over the roof area designed to prevent water entering the roof structure of a building. 4.4 Venting or equalising layer Continuous air layer located under the roofing system or under the vapour control layer in order to equalise the water vapour pressure. This layer may or may not be vented to the outside. 4.5 Anti-perforation layer A layer between the waterproofing and the heavy protection used to minimise the effect of mechanical loads. 4.6 Surfacing screed A screed used to produce a levelled and uniform surface on an element and/or to give it the mechanical and/or physical properties required for the application of the next layer. A distinction is made between the screed applied to the insulation and the screed applied to the load bearing structures. 4.7 Thermal insulation A layer or layers of lightweight material to give the required thermal insulation to the roof. 4.8 Vapour control layer A vapour control layer used to reduce or stop the migration of water vapour to the upper layer. 4.9 Sloping layer A layer of varying thickness to provide the finished roof with a slope which ensures free drainage of water. 4.10 Structural deck Part of the roof designed to take both dead and imposed loads, constructed in accordance with National Regulations. 4.11 Partial bonding layer An underlayer installed on site and designed to achieve a reliable and defined percentage of bond (with a given distribution of holes) between the roof waterproofing and the substrate. This layer can also diffuse any water vapour pressure. 4.12 Mechanically fastened underlayer An underlayer, fastened mechanically to the structure (through any insulation present). It does not count as a waterproofing layer unless the fastenings are completely covered by the joints in the underlayer. 4.13 Added layer beneath protection A layer installed between the roof waterproofing and its protection layer of gravel or slabs, designed to protect the roof waterproofing against impact and other mechanical damage.

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5 Single layer system A single layer waterproofing system is one in which the watertight layer is constituted by one only membrane which alone, in both the general area of the roof and in upstands, fulfils all the functional and durability requirements. 6 Multi-layer system A multi-layer waterproofing system is one in which the watertight layer is constituted by more than one membrane, at least two.

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APPENDIX 3 : CLASSIFICATION 1 Classification according to built up of waterproof layer - Single layer system : The waterproof layer is laid as a single sheet. The joints consist usually of a simple overlay at the edges of the sheets. The joints are formed on site fully bonding the edge according the manufacturer's specifications. . - Multi-layer system : 2 or more sheets are laid on site consecutively to make up the waterproof layer. The sheets are fully bonded to one another and laid so that the joints are staggered between the different layers. The system may consist of : - two or more layers of the same material (homogenous system), although the thickness, the type of reinforcements and the surface finishing of the individual sheets may be different. - two or more layers of dissimilar materials (mixed system), eg polymer modified bituminous sheet andtraditional bituminous felts. 2 Classification according to roof accessibility - Non accessible roofs : architectural or sloping roofs on which it is difficult to walk on without special equipment or accessible for the maintenance of the roof itself. - Limited access roofs : maintenance traffic only, excluding maintenance of equipment placed on the roof requiring

frequent access, unless particular walking ways are present. - Accessible roofs : pedestrian traffic (public or private). - Accessible roofs : vehicular traffic - lightweight vehicles (up to two tons per axis) - heavyweight vehicles (more than two tons per axis) - Roofs for special purpose (out of this document) - roof gardens - green roofs - other usage 3 Classification according to the slope of the roof - Class I : allows the free standing of water and the possible use of heavy protection. - Class II : allows the free drainage of water and the possible use of heavy protection. - Class III : allows the free drainage of water, but does not allow the use of heavy protection. - Class IV : special laying techniques are required because of the slope. 4 Classification according to the method of fixing the waterproofing to its support - Fully bonded : - by torching - by adhesive - by auto adhesion - Partially bonded - Mechanically fastened (not considered in this document ) - Loose laid and ballasted - Mixed system

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Note on the supports of the waterproofing The support (in particular the structural deck) of the waterproofing has an important role on the behaviour of the waterproofing independently of its functions to ensure the general level of the roof. Among the characteristics of the supports that affect the behaviour of the waterproofing, the following have to be noted: - the internal cohesive strength (in relation to the effects of wind uplift) - the effects of the movements of the supports Distinction has to be made between : - Deflection under loads : the maximum permissible deflections of the structural components are defined in the National Regulations or Codes of Practice. In some instance the choice of the waterproofing system may impose its own deflection limitations - Irreversible movements : shrinkage and/or deformation of the support that may cause cracking of

monolithic supports or the opening of joints in composite supports - Reversible movements : moisture and thermal movements of the support. The frequency and magnitude of the movements have to be considered. The effects of movements on the waterproofing system will largely depend on the methods of fixing

of the system. For a given amplitude and frequency the effects of movement will be at a maximum for fully bonded systems and the effects will decrease through partially bonded to loose laid systems

- the fire behaviour of the roof assembly when the source of fire is external to the roof covering (fire arriving from outside). - the resistance to loads (static loads and impacts) - the chemical compatibility between the supports and the waterproof covering. The use of traditional multi-layer bituminous felts on well-defined supports is generally the subject of national Codes of Practice. The Codes take account of the properties of the supports in relation to the roof slope, the accessibility of the roofs and the method of fixing between the waterproofing and the support. Where such well-known supports are to be used with a waterproofing, it is sufficient to list such supports in the Certificate. Where new forms of support are to be used with the waterproofing, the conditions of use must be explicitly defined in the Certificate.

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APPENDIX 4 : RULES FOR INSTALLATION ON SITE 1 General rules The installation procedure must be such that it can be carried out in a satisfactory manner by competent roofing contractors. The instructions for detailing to cope with jointing, internal and external angles, upstands, verges, gutters, gullies, rainwater outlets, expansion joints, etc. must be simple and compatible with normal building site conditions. 1.1 Climatic conditions The system must be capable of installation under climatic conditions normal to external building construction work. The finished waterproofing must not be adversely affected by interruptions in the installation process due to sudden rainstorms. The system must be capable of withstanding the normal changes in climatic conditions, which may occur within a few hours of installation. 1.2 Support conditions The system may be capable of being installed on support materials at their normal accepted site humidity conditions. The state of the surface of the support (planeness, irregularities, etc.) must be compatible with the requirements of the roofing. If this condition is not fulfilled, it is necessary to provide a protecting or equalising layer. 2 Quality rules for the installation of sheet materials on site 2.1 Resistance to tearing The tear strength must not be so low that the material is easily damaged in handling under normal site conditions. 2.2 Handling characteristics at low temperature Materials that can not readily be heated without risk must be sufficiently flexible at the lowest temperature likely for roof construction, so that they do not crack or split when roofing details are being formed. 2.3 Impact damage at low temperature At the lowest temperature likely to occur in roof construction, the material should not shatter or show more than superficial damage when subjected to impact likely to occur during handling and installation. 2.4 Unrolling at low temperature After 24 hours at the lowest temperature likely to occur in roof construction, the material should be capable of being easily unrolled without damage. 3 Quality rules for primers and adhesives used on site 3.1 Safety on site Toxic or inflammable products must be labelled, stored and placed according to the relevant EC or National regulations.

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3.2 Shelf life Time and conditions of storage must be clearly marked on the containers (cans or drums). Materials that are adversely affected by exposure to low or high temperature conditions must have this fact clearly marked on the containers, indicating the lowest or highest temperature the material can withstand. The "best use before" time must be indicated. 3.3 Drying time of primers The drying time of any primers used in the system must not be in excess of 24 hours at the lowest temperature envisaged for site applications. Also it can not be less than 1 hour at the highest temperature envisaged. 3.4 Setting time of adhesives The setting time of any adhesive used in the system must not be more than a few hours at the lowest temperature likely to occur during construction and enough long at the highest temperature to permit the work. 3.5 Softening of the support layer The adhesive should not cause softening and/or damage of the support layer due to the effects of its solvents or of the temperature of application of the adhesive. 3.6 Water sensitivity The drying or curing time of primers or adhesives must not be adversely affected by the normally expected humidity of the support. 4 Quality rules for jointing on site 4.1 Introduction The reliability of joints is particularly important in the case of single layer waterproofing systems for which there is not the same margin of safety as in multi-layer waterproofing systems. Experience has shown that failure of these roofing systems occurs when there are discontinuities and this is why it is essential to follow accurately the rules set out below for jointing sheets. 4.2 The manufacturer must provide a jointing method, describe how it is to be achieved and its limitation in use and provide technical assistance during the laying process. 4.3 Qualification of operatives (workers - manpower) Good joints must be made by skilled operatives, trained in the use of the proposed products and methods of jointing. 4.4 Sensitivity to climatic conditions The stated extreme conditions of temperature and humidity, which the joints must be able to withstand, should represent conditions that are as unfavourable as those normally encountered on site. 4.5 Cleaning of the materials to be joined The constituent parts of the joint (sheets and overlapping areas) must be cleaned ( free from dust, grease and other materials) when the joint is made.

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4.6 Conditions at the support At the joints between roofing sheets, the support must have a continuous surface, free from irregularities that might prevent the bonding and consolidation of the joint from their normal course. 4.7 Overlap of roofing sheets The sheets are to be laid in such a way to avoid the overlapping of four sheets in the same point, both in longitudinal and transverse direction. Also in multi-layer systems the sheets of the second layer must be staggered to avoid the superposition of the joints. The width of overlap of roofing sheets must be fairly constant and in any case greater than the minimum required for the correct execution of the joint. It is difficult to envisage joints that can be achieved properly on site if the width of overlap is less than 50mm (special justifications should be made for such type of joints). 4.8 Workability of adhesives The open time of the adhesives and their pot-life must be indicated by the manufacturer for the extreme temperature conditions envisaged on site and the quoted times must be strictly observed during the application. 4.9 Compatibility of jointing materials with the support The compatibility of jointing materials with the support must be carefully studied. In case of incompatibility special measures should be taken to prevent contact between the jointing materials and the support or other materials with which can be come in contact.

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APPENDIX 5 : Format for INSPECTION BRIEF - ONLY FOR INFORMATION -

AGREMENT CERTIFICATE N° .............................................................................. Issuing institute ................................................................................................... Inspection Report N° .......................... Date ......................................................... Previous inspection date ................................................. Certificate holder .................................................................................................. Factory address ................................................................................................... Factory delegate ................................................................................................... Holder delegate ................................................................................................... Inspector ........................................................................................................... Raw materials checks Checks made by supplier/s manufacturer Penetration at 25°C Each batch BITUMEN RB Temperature As defined by

manufacturer APP Melt index Each batch POLYMER Etc Each batch SBS Each batch Etc Each batch FILLER Nature by declaration Each batch Granulometry Each batch Nature by declaration Each batch REINFORCEMENT Mass per unit area Each batch Tensile strength and

elongation at break Each batch

Mineral protection Granulometry Each batch Metallic protection Thickness Each batch Mass per unit area Each batch Batch dimension : Bitumen .����������.. Polymer 1 .����������.. Polymer 2 .����������.. Polymer n .����������.. Filler .����������.. Reinforcement .����������.. Mineral protection .����������.. Metallic protection .����������.. Other .����������.. Checks during production on coating medium

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Range of

nominal value

Total number of tests

Number of tests out of conformity

Minimum measured value

Maximum measured value

Frequency

RB temperature Every week Dispersion control* Every batch** Penetration at 60°C for APP modified bitumen

Every batch**

Elastic recovery for SBS modified bitumen

Every six months in agreement with the issuing institute

* Dispersion control = microscope or other accepted dispersion control test ** Batch = amount of product manufactured to the same specification within a maximum period of 24 h (see prEN

13707 � point 3.8) Checks during production on finished product on line Range of

MDV or MLV value

Total number of tests

Number of tests out of conformity

Minimum measured value

Maximum measured value

Frequency

Thickness or mass per unit area

Every two hours

Total width Every two hours Selvedge width Every two hours Checks on finished product Range of

MDV or MLV value

Total number of tests

Number of tests out of conformity

Minimum measured value

Maximum measured value

Frequency

Thickness or Mass per unit area Every batch Flexibility at low temperature Every week Dimensional stability Every week Flow resistance at elevated temperature for SBS family

Every week

Tensile properties Every monthl

Resistance to tearing (nail shank) Twice per year

Shear resistance of joints Every year Peel resistance of joints Every yearly Adhesion of granules Every month Form stability under cyclical temperature change (for metallic sheets)

Every year

After ageing at 70°C for 24 weeks Flexibility at low temperature Twice per

year Flow resistance at elevated temperature for APP and SBS modified bitumen

Twice per year

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Checks performed in presence of inspector on sheet ......produced the ............. Result Range Conform Not conform Thickness Mass per unit area Flow resistance at elevated temperature Flexibility at low temperature Dimensional stability Tensile properties Adhesion of granules, if it is the case Observation Testing apparatus Production Drawing of samples Conclusion Signatures

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APPENDIX 6 : ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Unofficial English translation of XP P 84-360 (1996).

All official references shall be made to the French standard XP P 84-360 (July 1996) � AFNOR classification index P 84-360

Modified bitumen binders Determination of the elastic recovery for bituminous binders ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Scope This standard describes the test procedure for the determination of the conventional elastic recovery of polymer modified bitumen. It applies to binders for waterproofing coverings. 2 Definitions The elastic recovery measures the capacity of a modified bituminous binder to recover its initial dimension after having been strained at a given elongation during 24 h, then relaxed during the following 24 h. The permanent set is the residual deformation after a relaxation of the same duration. NOTE: It is usually considered that the elastic recovery of an elastomeric bitumen binder is assessed if the permanent set of fresh samples is not greater than 10 % after being strained at an elongation of 200 % and if the permanent set of aged samples is not greater than 10 % after being strained at an elongation of 25 %. 3 Principle The determination of the elastic recovery applies to fresh materials (not aged) and to conventionally aged materials. A layer of a given thickness of the binder is strained at a given elongation between two reference marks separated by a given distance; this elongation is maintained for 24 h. Then the sample is released for relaxation on a non adhesive support for 24 h. Then the permanent set is measured. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Room at a controlled temperature of (23 ± 2)°C 4.2 Ventilated oven Ventilated oven at a temperature of (70 ± 2)°C 4.3 Elongation device Device allowing to impose an elongation at a speed of (300 ± 50) mm/min and to maintain this elongation.

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As a recommendation, the useful length of such a device should be 400 mm for test specimens with an initial length of 90 mm and for an elongation of 200 %. A device allowing the elongation of several samples simultaneously will lead to a better repeatability. 4.4 Length measuring device Length measuring device, measuring length of at least 300 mm, with a scale division of 0,5 mm. 4.5 Caliper-square Sharp pointed caliper-square of at least 300 mm long, with an accuracy of 1/50 mm. 4.6 Gauge Plate gauge (20 x 90) mm and sharp pencil with "silvery" fat ink. 4.7 Mandrel Mandrel 2 mm of diameter, length 20 mm at least. 4.8 Glue Cyanoacrylate glue. 4.9 Miscellaneous Talcum, glass plate, scissors, knife or die-cutter. 5 Samples Poured or moulded plates of the bituminous binder, with a thickness of (2,1 ± 0,1) mm, placed between two siliconised papers. 6 Conditioning of samples The plates, out of which the "fresh" test specimens will be taken, are conditioned after preparation at minimum 14 days and maximum 42 days in the room at (23 ± 2) °C before cutting and testing. The plates, out of which the aged test specimens will be taken, are conditioned after preparation during (180 ± 3) days in the ventilated oven at (70 ± 2) °C, then cooled down at (23 ± 2) °C during minimum 24 h and maximum 7 days before cutting and testing. The direction of production of the samples shall be marked. The conditioning is made without pulling off the siliconised paper. 7 Test specimens The test specimens are cut in a same sample with a knife or using a die-cutter in the direction of production of the plate, the siliconised paper being maintained. The dimensions are (160 ± 1) mm x (20 ± 1) mm (see figure 1). After cutting, the siliconised paper is pulled off from one face of the test specimen before positioning in the elongation device.

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Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 1: Dimensions of the test specimen

8 Procedure Prepare the assembly of the test specimen as indicated on figure 2: � position and draw the reference marks for the length;

- either centring the gauge and marking the ends of the test specimen with talcum; - or drawing two lines at a distance of about 90 mm with the silvery fat ink pencil;

� place the mandrels and fold up the ends of the test specimens to get two loops stuck together with the Cyanoacrylate glue. The ends are at a distance of 1 mm to 5 mm from the reference marks;

� let the test specimens relax for about 24 h, at (23 ± 2) °C, and with the caliper-square measure the length L between the marks, in the axis of the test specimen, with an accuracy of 1/50 mm; 0

� elongate the test specimen to the final length ± 0,5 mm; for example: - up to 270,0 mm for a required elongation of 200 %; - up to 112,5 mm for a required elongation of 25 %;

� keep the test specimens in tension at that elongation during 24 h ± 15 min at (23 ± 2) °C; � with the scissors, cut the ends of the test specimens between the reference marks and the loops and let

relax on the glass plate covered with talcum during 24 h ± 15 min at (23 ± 2) °C; � measure the distance L between the reference marks in the axis of the test specimen with the caliper-

square, with an accuracy of 1/50 mm; � repeat the measure on three different test specimens minimum, for a given elongation. Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 2: Schematic assembly of the test specimen

9 Calculations and expression of the results The permanent set is calculated by the relation:

Permanent set 100xLLL

0

0−=

Where

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L is the length after testing, expressed in millimetres (mm); 0L is the length before testing, expressed in millimetres (mm);

The permanent set is the arithmetic mean of each individual permanent set. 10 Precision of the method The repeatability is 1,5 % and the reproducibility is 3 % (absolute). 11 Test report The test report shall include: - the reference to the French document XP P 84-360; - the identification of the sample (commercial reference, manufacturer, date and place of preparation); - general information related to the test and events which may have affected the results; - the results: report all individual values and the corresponding mean values.

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