UDHR Tabulate

7/29/2019 UDHR Tabulate

1/6

UDHR ICCPR ICESCR

Article 11. Article 14- 16

(1) Everyone chargedwith a penal offencehas the right to be

presumed innocentuntil proved guiltyaccording to law in a

public trial at which he

has had all theguarantees necessary

for his defence.

Article 14 recognizes and

protects a right to justice and afair trial. Article 14.1

establishes the ground rules:everyone must be equal beforethe

courts, and any hearing must

take place in open court beforea competent, independent and

impartial tribunal, with any

judgment or ruling made

public.Closed hearings areonly permitted for reasons of

privacy, justice, or national

security, and judgments mayonly be suppressed in divorce

cases or to protect the interests

of children.These obligations

apply to both criminal andcivil hearings, and to all courts

and tribunals.

The rest of the article imposesspecific and detailed

obligations around the process

of criminal trials in order to

protect the rights of theaccused and the

right to a fair trial. It

establishes the Presumption ofinnocenceand forbids double

jeopardy.It requires that those

convicted of a crime beallowed to appeal to a higher

tribunal,and requires victims

of a Miscarriage of justice to

be compensated.It establishes

rights to a speedy trial,to counsel, against self-

incrimination, and for the

accused to be present and calland examine witnesses.

Article 15prohibits

prosecutions under Ex postfacto law and the imposition


2/6

of retrospective criminal

penalties, and requires theimposition of the

lesser penalty where criminal

sentences have changed

between the offence andconviction.[43]

Article 16 requires states torecognize everyone as a

person before the law. (2) No one shall be

held guilty of any

penal offence on

account of any act oromission which did not

constitute a penal

offence, under nationalor international law, atthe time when it was

committed. Nor shall a

heavier penalty beimposed than the one

that was applicable at

the time the penaloffence was

committed.

Article 12. No one shall be

subjected to arbitrary

interference with his

privacy, family, homeor correspondence, nor

to attacks upon his

honour and reputation.Everyone has the right

to the protection of the

law against such

interference or attacks.

Article 9 recognises the rightsto liberty and security of the

person. It prohibits arbitrary

arrest and detention, requiresany deprivation of liberty to

be

according to law,and obligesparties to allow those deprived

of their liberty to challenge

their imprisonment through

the courts.Theseprovisions apply not just to

those imprisoned as part of the

criminal process, but also to

those detained due to mentalillness, drug addiction, or for

educational or immigration

purposes.

Article 10 of the Covenantrecognises the family as "the

natural and fundamental group

unit of society", and requiresparties to accord it "the widest

possible protection and

assistance."Parties mustensure that their citizens are

free to establish families and

that marriages are freely

contracted andnot forced.Parties must also

provide paid leave or adequate

social security to mothers

before and after childbirth, anobligation which overlaps

with that of Article 9. Finally,

parties must take "special


3/6

Articles 9.3 and 9.4 impose

procedural safeguards aroundarrest, requiring anyone

arrested to be promptly

informed of the charges

against them, andto be brought promptly before

a judge.[29] It also restricts theuse of pre-trial detention,[30]

requiring it to be imposed only

in exceptional

circumstances and for as shorta period of time as possible.

measures" to protect children

from economic or socialexploitation, including setting

a

minimum age of employment

and barring children fromdangerous and harmful

occupations.

Article 11 recognizes the right

of everyone to an adequate

standard of living. Thisincludes, but is not limited to,

the right to adequate food,

clothing,

housing, and "the continuousimprovement of living

conditions."[33] It also creates

an obligation on parties to

work together to eliminateworld hunger

Article 13.

(1) Everyone has theright to freedom of

movement andresidence within the

borders of each state.

Article 12 guarantees freedom

of movement, including the

right of persons to choosetheir residence and to leave a

country.These rights apply tolegal aliens as well as citizens

of a state,and can be restricted

only where necessary to

protect national security,

public order or health, and therights and freedoms of others.

The article also recognises a

right of people to enter theirown country.The Human

Rights Committee interprets

this right broadly as applying

not just to citizens, but also tothose stripped of or denied

their nationality.They also

regard it as near-absolute;"there

are few, if any, circumstances

in which deprivation of the


4/6

right to enter one's own

country could be reasonable". (2) Everyone has the

right to leave anycountry, including his

own, and to return tohis country.

Article 14.

(1) Everyone has theright to seek and toenjoy in other

countries asylum from

persecution.

(2) This right may notbe invoked in the caseof prosecutions

genuinely arising fromnon-political crimes or

from acts contrary to

the purposes and

principles of theUnited Nations.

Article 15.

(1) Everyone has theright to a nationality.

Article 24 mandates the right

to a nationality (2) No one shall be

arbitrarily deprived ofhis nationality nor

denied the right to

change his nationality.

Article 16.

(1) Men and women offull age, without any

limitation due to race,nationality or religion,

have the right to marry

and to found a family.They are entitled to

equal rights as to

marriage, during

marriage and at its

Article 23 mandates the right

of marriage.The wording of

this provision neither requiresnor prohibits same-sex

marriage

Article 10 of the Covenant

recognises the family as "the

natural and fundamental groupunit of society", and requires

parties to accord it "the widest

possible protection andassistance."Parties must

ensure that their citizens are

free to establish families and

that marriages are freely


5/6

dissolution. contracted and

not forced.Parties must alsoprovide paid leave or adequate

social security to mothers

before and after childbirth, an

obligation which overlapswith that of Article 9. Finally,

parties must take "specialmeasures" to protect children

from economic or social

exploitation, including setting

aminimum age of employment

and barring children from

dangerous and harmful

occupations.

(2) Marriage shall beentered into only withthe free and full

consent of the

intending spouses.

(3) The family is thenatural and

fundamental group unit

of society and isentitled to protection

by society and theState.

Article 17.

(1) Everyone has theright to own propertyalone as well as in

association with

others.

(2) No one shall bearbitrarily deprived ofhis property.

Article 18.

Everyone has the rightto freedom of thought,

conscience andArticle 27 mandates the rights

of ethnic, religious and


6/6

religion; this right

includes freedom tochange his religion or

belief, and freedom,

either alone or in

community with othersand in public or

private, to manifest hisreligion or belief in

teaching, practice,

worship and

observance.

linguistic minority to enjoy

their own culture, to professtheir own religion, and to use

their own

language.

Article 18 mandates freedom

of religionArticle 19.

Everyone has the rightto freedom of opinionand expression; this

right includes freedom

to hold opinionswithout interference

and to seek, receiveand impart information

and ideas through anymedia and regardless

of frontiers.

Article 19 mandates freedomof expression.

Article 20.

(1) Everyone has theright to freedom of

peaceful assembly and

association.

Articles 21 and 22 mandatefreedom of association. These

provisions guarantee the right

to freedom of association, theright to trade unions and also

defines the International

Labour Organisation (2) No one may be

compelled to belong toan association.

Documents

UDHR Tabulate