Ucni nacrti FIZ-30-9-08-ang - University of Ljubljana nacrti FIZ-30-9-08-ang.pdf · - T. Padmanabhan: Theoretical Astrophysics, ... M. Javornik: Free-free Opacity in Strong Magnetic

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1. Course title: Modern Astrophysics Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Andrej Čadež

Lecturers: Doc. dr. Andreja Gomboc

No. of hours:45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: Enrollment in the class

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student shall get acquainted with the objects and research areas of modern astronomical research: from the origin, evolution and final states of stars, to their assembling into larger systems (galaxies) and their properties.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Short review of the origin and evolution of stars: interstellar dust collapse, Hayashi line, hydrogen ignition and star's entry on the main branch; Evolution of low-mass stars: hydrogen burning in the stellar core and shells, helium flash; Evolution of high-mass stars: nuclear burning in shells, core collapse and envelope expansion, red giants and helium ignition. Evolution and types of binary stars. Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursts: supernovae classification, mechanisms of supernova explosions. Classification and models of Gamma Ray Bursts. Final states of stars: white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes: white dwarf structure, neutron star models, Chandrasekhar's mass and a collapse to a black hole. X-ray binary stars: differences between binaries with a neutron star and binaries with a black hole. Accretion discs and jets. Active Galactic Nuclei: accretion on a black hole, accretion discs and jets; similarities and differences with X-ray binaries, black holes – active and inactive. Galaxy: nucleus of the Galaxy, stellar population in the galactic nucleus, broader effects on the Galaxy; Study of the galactic dynamics: models of galactic structure, origin and evolution of the Galaxy, tidal streams. Galaxies: modern view on the classification and evolution of galaxies.

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Literature: - T. Padmanabhan: Theoretical Astrophysics, Vol. II: Stars and Stellar Systems, (Cambridge University Press, 2001). - M. Salaris, S. Cassisi: Evolution of Stars and Stellar Populations (John Wiley, 2005). - J. Frank, A. King, D. Raine: Accretion Power in Astrophysics (Cambridge University Press, 2002). - J. Binney, M. Merrifield: Galactic Astronomy (Princeton University Press, 1998).

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, problem solving, homeworks, and consultations

7. Assessment methods: Oral examination

8. References (3-5): 1. A. ČADEŽ, M. Javornik: Free-free Opacity in Strong Magnetic Fields, Astroph. Space Sci. 77, 299-318, 1981. [COBISS.SI-ID 776804] 2. A. ČADEŽ, A. Carramiñana, S. Vidrih: Spectroscopy and 3D imafing of the Crab nebula, Astrophysical Journal, 609,797-809, 2004. [COBISS.SI-ID 1777252] 3. A. GOMBOC, A. ČADEŽ: Effect of black hole’s gravitational field on the luminosity of a star during close encounter, Astrophysical Journal, 625, 278-290, 2005. [COBISS.SI-ID 233345] 4. A. GOMBOC, et al.: Multiwavelength Analysis of the Intriguing GRB 061126: The Reverse Shock Scenario and Magnetization, Astrophysical Journal, 667, No. 2, in print, 2008. arXiv:0804.1727v2. 5. D. Katz et al, incl. A. GOMBOC: Spectroscopic survey of the Galaxy with Gaia-II. The expected science yield from the radial velocity spectrometer, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 2005, 359, 1306-1335. [COBISS.SI-ID 233857]

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1. Course title: Classical and Quantum Dynamical Systems Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Tomaž Prosen

Lecturers: Dr. Tomaž Prosen, Dr. Marko Žnidarič



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Applications of Dynamical System's theory in classical and quanrtum nonequilibrium statistical physics

4. Contents (Syllabus outline):

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• Classical hamiltonian dynamical systems

a) Characterization: sensitive dependence on initial conditions – Lyapunov spectra, algorithmic complexity, dynamical entropies. b) Integrability versus Non-integrability. Liouville equation. Ruelle resonances. c) Dissipative systems.

• Quantum dynamical systems with few degrees of freedom. a) Quantum chaos conjecture. b) Random matrix theory and statistical properties of energy spectra. Dyson gas. c) Semiclassical propagators. WKB methods and quantum-classical correspondence. d) Quantum mechanics in phase space. Wigner functions. e) Time domain. Hypersensitivity to external perturbations and Loschmidt echoes.

• Quantum dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom. Quantum integrability and quantum chaos. a) Quantum spin chains, operator algebras and statistical mechanics. b) Qubit. Quantum computation and quantum information, simple examples of quantum algorithms as quantum dynamical systems. c) Quantum entanglement and classical symulations of quantum systems – DMRG method.

• Open quantum system. Competely positive maps. Quantum Liuoville equation, simple examples.

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Literature: H.-J. Stoeckmann, 'Quantum Chaos: an Introduction', Cambridge University Press, 1999. Fritz Haake, 'Quantum Signatures of Chaos', Springer 2001. H.-P. Breuer in F. Petruccione, 'The theory of open quantum systems', Oxford University Press,

2002. P. Gaspard, 'Chaos, Scattering and Statistical Mechanics', Cambridge University Press 1998 e-book: P. Cvitanović, `` Chaos - Classical and Quantum: A Cyclist Treatise'', http://chaosbook.dk (zadnja

verzija, 2007)

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, and project problems for students the solutions of which are to be presented and debated in a class.


8. References (3-5): Prof. dr. Tomaž Prosen 1) T. Gorin, T. Prosen, T. H. Seligman in M. Žnidarič, Dynamics of Loschmidt echoes and fidelity decay, Phys. Rep. 435 (2006), 33-156. 2) T. Prosen in M. Žnidarič, Stability of quantum motion and correlation decay, J. Phys. A 35 (2002), 1455. 3) T. Prosen, Time evolution of a quantum many-body system: Transition from integrability to ergodicity in thermodynamic limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998), 1808.

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1. Course title: Experimental methods of particle and nuclear physics Course coordinator: Prof. Dr. Peter Križan

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student shall get a good understanding of interactions of particles with matter, shall be able to find solutions to experimental problems in particle and nuclear physics, and be able to connect theoretical expectations with results of measurements

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): 1. Identification of particles and nucleai: Time-of-flight, dE/dx. Čerenkov counters: threshold counter, ring imaging Čerenkov (RICH) counter. Transition radiation. Detection of neutrons and neutrinos. 2. Energy measurement: Low energy methods for charged particles, photons and neutrons. Fano factor. Electromagnetic calorimeters. Hadronic calorimeters. Calibartion and control. 3. Magnetic spectrometers: Measuring momentum and particle production point. 4.Detectors of cosmic radiation sources: Systems for detection of high energy cosmis rays on the Earth, in baloons and on satelites. Atmosphere as the calorimeter medium. 5.Analisys of data: Measurements of short-lived states. Angular corrleations in cascade decays 6. Semiconductor detector in particl, nuclear and astrophyiscs: Position sesnsitive silicon detectors: Strip and pixel detectors, CCD sensors. Detection of X in gamma rays. Radiation damage. 7. Scintillation detectors: short review of main properties. Efficiency for different radiation types. Linearity. 8. Photo-detectors: Photomultiplier tubes, transport of photoelectrons, secundary electrons. Microchannal plates, signal development, operation in high magnetic fields. Semiconductor low level light detectors. 9. Ionisation detectors: multiwire proportional chambers, drift chambers, time projection (TPC) chambers. Detection of UV light, X ans gamma rays. Liquid ionisation detectors. 10. Electronic signal processing: Signal development in various detector types. Transformation to a voltage pulse. Noise. Charge sensitive preamplifier. Pulse forming and processing. 11. Elements of charge particle transport: Phase space. Quadrupole lenses, doublets and triplets.

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Sector magnet. Beam elypse. Linear accellerators, phase stability. 5. Literature:

• W.R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1986.

• T. Ferbel (editor), Experimental Techniques in High-Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics, 2nd Edition, World Scientific 1991.

• G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, J. Wiley, New York 1989. • K.G. Steffen, High Energy Beam Optics, Interscience Publishers 1996. •



8. References (3-5): Prof. Peter Križan • K. Abe, K.F. Chen, P. Križan et al, Time dependent CP-violating asymmetries in b->s anti-q q

transitions, Phys. Rev. D72 (2005) 012004 • M. Starič, B. Golob, K. Abe, P. Križan et al, Evidence for D0 - anti-D0 mixing, Phys. Rev. Lett.

98 (2007) 211803 • P. Križan, Recent developments in Cherenkov counters, Trans. Nucl. Sci. 48 (2001) 941.

071101. • I. Arino, P. Križan et al., The HERA-B ring imaging Cherenkov counter, Nucl. Instrum. Meth.

A516 (2004) 445. • P. Križan, Detectors for particle identification, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A581 (2007) 57-64. •

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1. Course title: Optical processes in matter Course coordinator: Associate Prof. dr. Irena Drevenšek-Olenik

Izvajalci: Prof. dr. Martin Čopič, Prof. Dr. Marko Zgonik



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The students shall learn how to apply modern methods of linear and non-linear optics for materials characterization. They get acquainted with the main principles of laser physics, optical telecommunication systems and optical information processing.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Interaction of light with matter: Description of basic interaction processes, classification of optical processes of various orders, coherent and noncoherent processes. Optical Instruments: Detection of visible and infrared light, thermal and quantum detectors, sources of noise, analysis of noise, monochromators, interferometers, Fourier spectroscopy Optical spectroscopy: Atomic emission spectra and quantum states of atoms, life time of quantum states, homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening, saturation of absorption, spectral resolution within Doppler bradening, frequency stabilisation of laser by use of saturated absorption, optical cooling. Time-resolved methods: Optical Bloch equations, optical precession, free spectral decay, quantum beating, photonic echo. Light scattering: Raman spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering, CARS, time-resolved Raman scattering, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering, photon correlation spectroscopy of slow fluctuation processes in materials. Non-linear optical phenomena: material response to high optical fields, effect of symmetry on nonlinear dielectric polarization, description of second and third order non-linear processes, phase matching condition, phase matching in periodicall modulated media, optical second harmonic generation, multifrequency mixing, stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering. Application of non-linear optical processes in optical communication systems: electrooptic effect, photorefractive phenomena, static and dynamic holography, non-linear phenomena in optical fibres and integrated optics, new fields of applications in optical telecommunications.

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5. Literature: 1) W. Demtroder, Laser Spectroscopy, 2. edition, Springer, 1995 2) G. H. Rieke, Detection of Light, Cambridge University Press, 2003 3). D. L. Mills, Nonlinear Optics, Springer, Berlin, 2nd. Ed. 1998, 4) Y. R. Shen, Principles of Nonlinear Optics, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.


7. Assessment methods: Oral examination and /or written examination

8. References (3-5): 1. AVSEC, Matija, DREVENŠEK OLENIK, Irena, MERTELJ, Alenka, GORKHALI, Suraj P., CRAWFORD, Gregory Philip, ČOPIČ, Martin. Band structure of orientational modes in quasiperiodic mesoscale liquid-crystal-polymer dispersions. Phys. rev. lett., 2007, vol. 98, no. 17, str. 173901-1-173901-4. 2. M. Zgonik, P. Gunter, Cascading nonlinearities in optical four-wave mixing JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS 13 (3): 570-576 MAR 1996. 3. M. A. Ellabban, M. Fally, H. Uršič, I. Drevenšek-Olenik, Holographic scattering in photopolymer-dispersed liquid crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, p. 151101-1-3, (2005) 4. M. Fally, M. Ellabban, I. Drevensek-Olenik, Out-of-phase mixed holographic gratings: a quantitative analysis, Opt. Express, 16, p. 6528-6536 (2008).

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1. Course title: Theory of soft matter Course coordinator: Prof. Dr. Rudolf. Podgornik

Lecturers: Prof. Dr. Slobodan Žumer



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student shall get acquainted with the

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Mesophases: thermotropic and lyotropic systems, building blocks, orientational and spacial order parameters, nematics, smectics, chirality, polarization, symmetries, structures, optics of chiral and achiral liquid crystals Phase transitions in liquid crystals: Landau phenomenological approach, Onsagar theory for cylindrical molecules, Maier-Saupe molecular field approach. Elastisity of nematics in smectics: spontaneous deformation, elastic energy of nematics, Landau - de Gennes approach, confinement, defects, Ginsburg –Landauu description of smectics, defects in smectics, characteristic scales, order fluctuations. Electrical properties and optical shutter: Nematics, smectics, and ferroelectric liquid crystals in electrical and magnetic fields. Freederickzs transition. Nematic light shutter.. Polymer materials: Basic characteristics. Phenomenology of polymers. Physics of polymers and scaling hypothesis. Properties of polymer chains: Statistical mechanics of polymer chains. Average length of chain. Ideal polymer chain and Kratky-Porod model of chains. Persistence length. Entropical elasticity of ideal polymer chain. Confined system and osmotic preassure. Polymers in solutions: Osmotic presser. Measurements. Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions. Demixing of polymers. Van't Hoffov equation and interacting polymer molecules. De Gennes theory of dense polymer solutions. Scaling. Gels: Phenomenology description of polymeric gels. Nonlinear elasticity. Elasticity of ideal polymeric gels: Statistical description. Equation of state.

5. Literature:

- M. Rubinstein in R.H. Colby, Polymer Physics (Oxford, 2003, 1-96, 137-196, 253-294)

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- M. Kleman in O.D. Lavrentovich, Soft matter physics: an introduction (Springer 2003, Chapters 2, 3, 4 in 5)


7. Assessment methods: Written test & seminar or homework 8. References (3-5): R. Podgornik: Mechanics of continua 2007 (http://www- f1.ijs.si/~rudi/lectures/mk-1.9.pdf). R. Podgornik, Interactions and Conformational Fluctuations in Macromolecular Arrays, in 'Electrostatis effects in soft matter and biophysics', C. Holm, P. Kekicheff and R. Podgornik Eds., NATO Science Series II – Math., Physics and Chemistry, volume 46 (2001) . I. Muševič, M. Škarabot, U. Tkalec, M. Ravnik, and S. Žumer, Two-dimensional nematic colloidal crystals self-assembled by topological defects, Science 18, 954-958 (2006) M. Chambers, B. Zalar, M. Remškar, J. Kovač, H. Finkelmann, and S. Žumer, Investigations on an integrated conducting nanoparticle-liquid crystal elastomer layer, Nanotechnology 18, 415706 (2007)

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1. Course title: Theory of elementary particles

Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Svjetlana Fajfer

Lecturers: Prof. dr. Svjetlana Fajfer



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Student learns basic elements of the theory of elementary particles

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Models of hadrons. Quantum chromodynamics. Gauge theory of SU(3) strong interactions. Strong coupling constant. Feynman's rules for QCD. Renormalization group equation for QCD. QCD and deep inelastic scattering of leptons on hadronic targets. Glashow - Weinberg – Salam theory of electroweak interaction. Gauge theory of electroweak interaction. Spontaneous global symmetry breaking. Spontaneous local symmetry breaking. Higg's mechanism in the standard model. Electroweak interaction and quarks. Masses of Z0, W+,-, Weinber's angle. Leptons and quarks masses. Generation mixing and parametrisation of the CKM matrix. Hadronic weak decays. Meson decay dynamics. Properties of hadronic currents. Neutral currents. Unitarity of CKM. C, P and T symmetries in weak interaction. Leptonic, semileptonic and nonleptonic mesonic decays. Effective hamiltonian for nonleptonic decays. Nonperturbative methonds in particle physics. Higgs boson.

5. Literature: - Elementary Particles and Their Interactions, Concepts and Phenomena, Quang Ho-Kim and Pham Xuan Yem, Springer 1998.

- Dynamics of the Standard Model, J. F. Donoghue, E. Golowich and B. Holstein, Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology, Cambridge Univ. Press

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(1992). - T.-P. Cheng, L.F. Li,Gauge Theory of elementary particle physics, Oxford University Press (1992).


7. Assessment methods: Oral and/or written exam.

8. References (3-5): prof. dr. Svjetlana Fajfer 1)Chiral loop corrections to strong decays of positive and negative parity charmed mesons. Svjetlana Fajfer (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana & Ljubljana U.) , Jernej Kamenik (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) . Jun 2006. 10pp. Published in Phys.Rev.D74:074023,2006. 2)Chiral corrections and lattice QCD results for F(B(s)) / f(B(d)) and delta(B(s)) / delta m(B(d)). Damir Becirevic (Rome U.) , Svjetlana Fajfer, Sasa Prelovsek (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana & Ljubljana U.) , Jure Zupan (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) . IJS-TP-33-02, ROMA-1353-02, Nov 2002. 10pp. Published in Phys.Lett.B563:150-156,2003. 3)Resonant and nonresonant contributions to the weak D ---> V lepton+ lepton- decays. S. Fajfer, S. Prelovsek (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) , P. Singer (Technion) . IJS-TP-98-08, TECHNION-PH-98-10, May 1998. 21pp. Published in Phys.Rev.D58:094038,1998

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1. Course title: Solid state theory and theory of nanostructures Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Janez Bonča

Lecturers: Prof. dr. Janez Bonča Prof. dr. Anton Ramšak

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10


3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Understanding symmetry properties of electronic and vibrational states, dielectric, magnetic and mechanical properties of condenset matter, as well as collective ordered states and phase transitions, and quantum states and transport through nanostructures.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Crystal symmetries: Symmetry operations in crystals. Point groups. Space groups. Symmetry of the Bravais lattice. Electronic states in crystals and their symmetry properties. Small group and star of the wavevector. Lattice vibrations – phonons: Coupling between electrons and ions, adiabatic approximation. Matrix of elastic constants. Classical vibration modes, acoustic and optical branches. Connection with the theory of elasticity. Quantization of lattice vibrations. Phonon processes: Scattering of neutrons and dynamical structure factor. Elastic and inelastic scattering. Anharmonic processes. Electron correlations: Slater determinant. Second quantization. Creation and destruction operators, anticommutators and field operators. Form of the Hamiltonian in the second quantisation. Hubbard model. Dielectric constant: Lindhart equation. Static screening, screening length. Dynamical screening, plazmon oscillations. Dielectric constant of semiconductor. Connection between electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. Magnetic properties: Magnetic interaction. Models of spin systems. Ground and excited states of spin models. Holstein-Primakoff transformation. Superconductivity: Attractive interaction between electrons, Cooper pairs. BCS ground state and its properties. Excited states. Fenomenologic Ginzburg-Landau theory of the superconductor.

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Nanoscopic materials: Formation of semiconductor-based nanostructures. Carbon-based nanostructures: C60, carbon nanotubes, monolayers. Metallic quantum dots. Electronic properties of nanoscale-systems: Quantized conductance and other elementary properties of quantum dots, quantum wires and two-dimensional electronic gas. Selected phenomena, characteristic for nanoscopic systems: Ballistic electron transport, tunneling, conductance oscillations, Coulomb blockade, single-electron transistor. 5. Literature: - N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics, Holt-Saunders 1976. - M.P. Marder: Condensed Matter Physics, J. Wiley, 2000. - G. Burns: Solid State Physics, Academic Press, 1990. - J.M. Ziman: Principles of the Theory of Solids, Cambridge University Press 1964,1972. - C. Kittel: Quantum Theory of Solids, J. Wiley 1963. - S. Datta, Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems (Cambridge University Press, 1997).

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, homework problems

7. Assessment methods: Oral exam, completed homework problem.

8. References (3-5): J. Bonča in S.A.Trugman: »Effect of Inelastic Processes on Tunneling« Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2566 (1995). C.D. Batista, J. Bonča in J. E. Gubernatis: »Segmented band mechanism for itinerant ferromagnetism«, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 187203 (2002). C.D. Batista, J. E. Gubernatis, J. Bonča in H.Q. Lin: »Intermediate Coupling Theory of Electronic Ferroelectricity«, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 267205 (2004) R. Žitko, J. Bonča, A. Ramšak, and T. Rejec: »Kondo effect in triple quantum dots« Phys. Rev. B 73, 153307 (2006) R. Žitko and J. Bonča: »Fermi-Liquid versus Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior in Triple Quantum Dots«, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 047203 (2007)

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1. Course title: Selected topics of the numerical modelling of the atmosphere Course coordinator: Assist. prof. Mark Žagar,

Lecturers: Assist. prof. Mark Žagar



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Learning the theoretical basics, functionalitiy and use of the numerical models of the atmosphere..

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): 1. Conservation principles. Reynolds averaging. Coordinate transformations. 2. Subgrid effects. Physical parameterizations. 3. Methods for solving. Finite differences. Finite volumes. 4. Initial and boundary conditions. Data assimilation. 5. Particular examples of the model use. Real case studies.

5. Literature: R.A.Pielke, 2002: Mesoscale meteorological modeling, Academic press, 689 pp D.Randall, 2007: An introduction to atmospheric modeling, online http://kiwi.atmos.colostate.edu/group/dave/at604.html

D.R.Durran, 1998: Numerical methods for wave equations in geophysical fluid dynamics, Springer, 465 pp

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, seminars, presentations of students projects


8. References (3-5):

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1) Žagar, M., G. Svensson and M. Tjernström, 2002: Method for determining the small-scale variability of the surface turbulent momentum flux seaward of the coast. J. Appl. Met., 42, 291-307. 2) Žagar, N., M. Žagar, J. Cedilnik, G. Gregorič and J. Rakovec, 2006: Dynamical downscaling of ERA40 for the wind climatology in the mountainous terrain, Tellus, 58A, 445-455. 3) Belušić, D., M. Žagar and B. Grisogono, 2007: Numerical simulation of pulsations in the bora wind, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 1371-1388]

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1. Course title: Dynamics of weather and climate: atmospheric variability Course coordinator: Assist. prof. Nedjeljka Žagar

Lecturers: Assist. prof. Nedjeljka Žagar

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: Lab. Work: 15 Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: Enrollment 3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Application of physical principles for understanding of atmospheric general circulation 4. Contents (Syllabus outline): - What makes it go? - An overview of the atmospheric observations - Conservation of momentum and energy

- Mean meridional circulation - An overview of the effects of radiation and convection - Atmospheric energy cycle - Planetary-scale waves and other eddies - General circulation as turbulence - Climate prediction - Tropical atmosphere-ocean interactions

5. Literature: 1. D. Randal: An Introduction to the general circulation of the atmosphere. Available online on: http://kiwi.atmos.colostate.edu/group/dave/at605.html 2. J.P. Peixoto and A.H. Oort: Physics of Climate. Springer-Verlag 1992 Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2006, ISBN 3-527-40503-8.

6. Teaching methods:

. Lectures, problem solving, homeworks, and consultations


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8. References (3-5): GEORGELIN, M., ŽAGAR, Nedjeljka. The second COMPARE exercise: a model intercomparison using a case of a typicalmesoscale orographic flow, the PYREX IOP3. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2000, 126, 991-1029. ŽAGAR, Nedjeljka, GUSTAFSSON, N., KÄLLÉN, E. Variational data assimilation in the tropics : the impact of a background errorconstraint. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2004, 130, 103-125. ŽAGAR, Nedjeljka, ANDERSSON, Erik, FISHER, Michael, UNTCH, Agathe. Influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation of the ECMWF model short-range-forecast error in the tropical stratosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2007, vol. 133, 1843-1853.

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1. Course title: Selected chapters of nuclear engineering Course coordinator: prof. dr. Borut Mavko

Lecturers: prof. dr. Borut Mavko, doc. dr. Marko Čepin, doc. dr. Irena Mele

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10 2. Prerequisites: Enrolment in the first or higher year study.

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): To gain knowledge in energy conversion in nuclear power systems. Design and operation of fission reactors. Methods of safety analysis and development of safety culture.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Overview of energy issues. Sources of energy, production and consumption of energy, production and consumption of electric energy. Potential, prices and environmental impact for various sources of energy. Nuclear objects, classification, design, properties. Nuclear fuel cycle and basis of nuclear reactor theory. Basic nuclear reactions: chain reactions. Radioactivity and environment: radiation effects, dosimetry, shielding concepts. Reactor physics: criticality, neutron transport. Reactor kinetics: delayed neutrons, reactivity regulation. Nuclear fuel, burn-up, products, fuel management. Treatment of spent fuel with emphasis on advanced reprocessing technologies. Economics and design of fission reactors. Light-water reactors: boiling water and pressurized water reactors. Safety systems of nuclear power plants. Power plant operation. Design of safety systems, structures and devices. Safety and protection systems in future advanced reactors. Deterministic safety analyses. Analyses of operational events, transients, design basis accidents and severe accidents. Development of safety culture - organisation and management. Risk-informed decision-making. Licensing, project preparation, documentation, safety reports and operational limits. Quality assurance: programs, procedures, implementation.

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Decommission of the nuclear objects. New techniques of energy production based on fission. New reactor concepts. Energy production with fusion. 5. Literature: 1) R. A. Knief, Nuclear engineering, Theory and Technology of Commercial Nuclear Power, Taylor and Francis, 1984 2) B. Pershagen: Light Water Reactor Safety; Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989 3) IAEA Safety Standards Series: Plants: Nuclear safety, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, transport of radioactive materials, safety of nuclear fuel cycle facilities and quality assurance.

6. Teaching methods: - lectures - laboratory work - seminars - project oriented teamwork - guided individual study

7. Assessment methods: written / oral examination, passed / not passed

8. References (3-5): -MAVKO B.: Jedrski reaktor, Ljubljana: Modrijan, 1996; -MAVKO B., PROŠEK A., D'AURIA F.:. Determination of code accuracy in predicting small-break LOCA experiment. Nuclear Technology, 1997, vol. 120; - MELE I.: Decommissioning - a problem or a challenge?. Nucl. Technol. Radiat. Prot., 2004, vol. 19, no. 2, str. 65-73. - ČEPIN M. The risk criteria for assessment of temporary changes in a nuclear power plant. Risk anal., 2007, vol. 27, no. 4, str. 991-998.

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1. Course title: Selected chapters on nuclear and reactor physics Course coordinator: prof. dr. Matjaž Ravnik

Lecturers: prof. dr. Matjaž Ravnik, doc. dr. Andrej Trkov, prof. dr. Milan Čerček

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminars: Lab. Work: 15 Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: Enrolment in the first or higher year study.

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student acquires a deeper knowledge of reactor physics and related nuclear physics basics. The primary objective is to train the student for independent research work, as well as applied work in the field of nuclear reactors, ranging from nuclear data evaluation, deterministic and Monte Carlo transport calculations of critical systems, to nuclear reactor core design.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Selected chapters on nuclear physics (nuclear reactions, fission) Evaluated nuclear data files Transport equation for neutrons Diffusion approximation Numerical methods for the solution of the transport and diffusion equations Monte-Carlo methods Reactor kinetics Burnup and transmutation Nuclear safety parameters (peaking factors, temperature coefficients) Nuclear reactor core design

5. Literature: 1) Bell-Glasstone, Nuclear reactor theory Van Nostrand, 1970 2) Robert Barjon, Physique des reacteurs nucleaires, Inst. des Sc. Nucl., Grenoble, 1993 3) Emendorfer-Hoecker, Theorie der Kernreaktoren, Bibliographisches Inst.Manheim, 1969

6.

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Teaching methods: - lectures - laboratory work on the research reactor - seminar

7. Assessment methods: written / oral examination,

8. References (3-5): 1) RAVNIK, Matjaž, JERAJ, Robert. Research reactor Bechmarks. Nucl. sci. eng., 2003, vol. 145, str. 145-152. 2) TRKOV, Andrej. Status and perspective of nuclear data production, evaluation and validation. Nucl. Eng. and Technol., 2005, vol. 37, str. 11-24. 3) ČERČEK, Milan, GYERGYEK, Tomaž, STANOJEVIĆ, Mladen. Effects of energetic electrons on collector and source potentials in a finite ion temperature plasma. Contrib. Plasma Phys. (1988), 1999, vol. 39, str. 541-556.

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1. Course title: Didactics of physics with projects

Course coordinator: assoc. prof. dr. Gorazd Planinšič

Lecturers: assoc. prof. dr. Gorazd Planinšič

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10 2. Prerequisites: a) Enrolment b) Succcesfully completed undergradute program that is required for teaching physics at the high-school level c) required minimum average grade in the undergraduate study

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Review and comparative study of the main approaches and methods for teching high school phyics and main achievements in Physics Education Research.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Modern approaches and methods for teaching physics: review of the main internationally renown approaches Research in phyiscs education: fields of research and methods; applicability of the results in practise The role of modern technologies in teaching phyiscs: internet, multimedia, computers, real time mesurements, modern electronics, new materials. Significance and examples of introducing interdisciplinary (crosscuricular) connections in teaching at high school level (physics and: biology, medicine, geology, chemistry, ecology, sport, iformatics, music, sociology...) Work with gifted students (physics Olimpiades, IYPT, etc; individual work with gifted students) Science and society: science literacy, role of informal education, environment and sustainable development, science for non-scientists; relevance of physics for boys/girls and approches to motivate either for learning science; science and para-science Presentation of selected popular topics from didactics of physics in the form of seminars and projects.

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And: writing scientific and popular science papers and literature, critical review of physics textbooks, main resources, national curricula and national exams, international researches in pupils' performance (PISA, TIMSS...), review of the relevant institutions and societies in Slovenia and in EU, international societies and main conferences in the field of Physics education. 5. Literature: 1. J Strnad, O poučevanju fizike, knjižica Sigma (DMFA) 2007. 2. A Arons, Teaching Introductory Physics, John Wiley & Sons (1997). 3. Robert Karplus: Introductory Physics - A Model Approach, 2nd edition (Captain's Engineering Services, Buzzards Bay, MA.) 2004. 4. E F Redish, Teaching Physics with the Physics Suite, John Wiley & Sons, 2003. 5. C Swartz, T Miner, Teaching Introductory Physics - a source book, AIP press (1998).

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, cooperative study, peer instructions, several active learning methods (such as peer instruction, interactive lecture demonstrations etc), seminars, projects

7. Assessment methods: Oral exam, seminars and projects; Mentoring the first year students in their project lab work is co-requisite

8. References (3-5): PLANINŠIČ G, Project laboratory for first-year students, Eur. J. Phys., 2007, 28, str. S71-S82. • PLANINŠIČ G, SLIŠKO J, Mechanical model aids understanding of light interference. Phys. Educ., 2005, 40, str. 128-132. • A Earle, J Frost, V Engstrom, M Čepič, G Planinšič, G Ireson, S Ciapparelli, Teacher guide: Spercomet – Sperconductivity Multimedia Educational Tool, Simplicatus, Trondheim, 2004.

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1. Course title: Selected Topics from Classical Physics Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Andrej Čadež

Lecturers: prof. dr. Andrej Čadež, doc. dr. Primož Ziherl

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites:

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student acquires an understanding of the development of theoretical physics, leading from the newtonian mechanistic view to the unification of mechanics, electromagnetism and gravitation in a unified classical field theory of the 20th century.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Lagrangian mechanics: Coordinates as a tool to describe dynamics. Inertial and non-inertial systems. Lagrangian and Euler-Lagrange equations. Symmetries and conservation laws. Hamiltonian and Noether’s theorem. Galileo transformations. Examples: harmonic oscillator, Foucault’s pendulum, two body problem. Electromagnetism: EM-field equations in integral and differential form. Vector and scalar potential. Field equations with potentials and their symetries: gauge invariance with respect to the scalar field and charge conservation. Non-invariance of free-field equations with respect to Galileo transformations; invariance with respect to transformations of Poincaré group. EM field in different inertial systems. Special theory of relativity: Construction of free particle Lagrangian invariant with respect to Poincaré transformations. Point interactons and conservation laws for momentum, energy and angular momentum. EM field equations in 4 dimensional form, covariant Lagrangian for a particle in the EM field. Examples: relativistic collisions, motion of charges in the EM field. Tensor theory of gravity: Lagrangian for a particle in the gravitational field. Invariance with respect to Poincaré transformations, why does gravity need tensor potentials. Kepler problem and tensor gravity. Gravity weak field equations; invariance with respect to coordinate and Poincaré transformations. Stress energy tensor as source of gravity and conservation laws – equations of motion. Examples: stress-energy tensor for a “point particle” and it’s gravitational field; black holes Stress-energy tensor: stress-energy tensor for an ideal gas and interpretation of components; EM stress-enery tensor. Equations of motion for ideal gas from stress-energy tensor. Generalization with viscous terms, Hookes law and stress energy tensor for an elastic solid. Examples: newtonian fluid dynamic equation of motion, Bernoulli equation, Navier-Stokes equation, vibration of bars and membranes.

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Basics of statistical mechanics: ideal gas particle states in a fixed vessel at constant temperature. Number of states in a given energy interval and the probability for a state to be occupied; entropy; laws of thermodynamics for an ideal gas and a mixture of ideal gases.

5. Literature: 1) L.N. Hand, J.D. Finch: Analytical Mechanics, Cambridge 1998 2) J.D. Jackson: Classical Electrodynamics, Academic Press, 3. izdaja 1999 3) R. Fitzpatrick: Maxwell’s Equations and the Princiles of Electromagnetism, Infinity Science, Hingham MA, 2008 4). A. Čadež: Teorija gravitacije, skripta 5) R. D’Inverno: Introducing Einstein’s Relativity, Oxford 1999

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, numerical exercises, homework projects and consultations

7. Assessment methods: Oral/written examination

8. References (3-5): prof. dr. Andrej Čadež doc. dr. Primoz Ziherl

A. Čadež; M. Calvani: Relativistic emission lines from accretion discs around black holes, MNRAS, Volume 363, Issue 1, pp. 177-182.(2005) A. Čadež: Internal scattering in Fabry-Perot cavities; Phys. Rev. A,41, 6129

A. Čadež: Apparent Horizons in the Two-Black-Hole Problem; Ann. Phys., 83,449 P. Ziherl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 128102 (2007). P. Ziherl in S. Svetina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 761 (2007).

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1. Course title: Remote sensing in meteorology Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Jože Rakovec

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Student gains knowledge on advanced remote sensing techniques for monitoring and measurements in atmosphere and of ground.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Methods of remote sensing in atmosphere: Interaction of EM waves with atmosphere and ground. Systems for remote sensing: passive and active radiometers, satellite and ground systems). Accuracy and resolution (spatial, temporal, spectral, radiometric). Satellite remote sensing in meteorology: Operational geostationary satellites, sun-synchronous satellites and R&D satellites. Introduction to image processing. Multi-spectral channel combination and algorithms for automatic determination of ground and cloudiness. Use of satellite data for nowcasting; products for monitoring and nowcasting of extreme weather events. Use of satellite data for determination of soil data (temperature, soil humidity). Radar measurement of hydrometeors reflectivity and radial velocity. Problems with relation between radar reflectivity and precipitation rate, errors in radial velocity. Use of radar data in nowcasting (tracking and types of thunderstorms, use in meteorological and hydrological models (data assimilation).

5. Literature: 1. Oštir, Krištof, 2006, Daljinsko zaznavanje. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC. 2. Doviak and Zrnić 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations 3. Izbrani prispevki iz mednarodnih znanstvenih revij in zborniki konferenc ERAD 4. Kidder S.Q., 1995:Satellite meteorology : an introduction, San Diego [etc.] : Academic Press,


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8. References (3-5): 1. RAKOVEC, Jože. Vertical radar reflectivity profiles in Slovenia. Theor. appl. climatol., 1997, 57, str. 351. RAKOVEC, Jože. Vertical radar reflectivity profiles in Slovenia. Theor. appl. climatol., 1997, 57, str. 35-47. [COBISS.SI-ID 398948] 2. ZGONC, Anton, RAKOVEC, Jože. Time extrapolation of radar echo patterns. V: COLLIER, Chris G. (ur.). COST 75 : advanced waether radar systems : international seminar Locarno, Schwitzerland, 23 to 27 march 1998, Locarno, (EUR, 18567 EN). Luxembourg: European Commission, 1999, str. 229-239. [COBISS.SI-ID 896868] 3. RAKOVEC, Jože, VRHOVEC, Tomaž, GREGORIČ, Gregor, KASTELEC, Damijana. Evaluation of surface precipitation and radar data during some MAP IOPs in western Slovenia : presented at MAP Meeting 2001, Schliersee, Germany. MAP newsl. (Zür., Print. ed.), 2001, no. 15, str. 88-91. [COBISS.SI-ID 1372260]

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1. Course title: Experimental astrophysics Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Tomaž Zwitter

Lecturers:

No. of hours:45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10 2. Prerequisites: Enrollment in the class.

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Overview of experimental techniques in astrophysics. Critical evaluation of the possibility to determine the value of each of the astrophysical parameters of a given object.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Obtaining information on objects in space: the leading role of spectroscopy, comparison with photometry, astrometry, space travel, cosmic rays, neutrino astronomy and observation of gravitational waves. Overview of current projects (Gaia, LISA, etc.). Spectroscopic observation with different types of spectrographs: selection of optimal configuration, examples of optical spectrographs (NTT, VLT, Hubble, Keck, Galileo, Asiago, etc.); spectrographs outside the visual light window; analysis of spectroscopic observations using binary stars as an example. Stellar spectra: physical conditions in stellar atmospheres and their description, measurements of temperature, gravity, chemical composition and macroscopic motions (rotation, turbulence, stellar winds); examples and assumptions of some landmark stellar atmosphere models (Kurucz, NextGen, etc.). Environments outside the local thermodynamic equilibrium: mass transfer in binary stars, exotic stars, different kinds of nebulae, interstellar and intergalactic gas clouds, active galactic nuclei, etc. Galactic astrophysics: the need and ways to measure position and motion of stars in our Galaxy, constants of motion, stellar streams; Spectra of galaxies: measurement of red-shift and internal kinematics.

5. Literature: L. H. Aller: Atoms, Stars and Nebulae, Cambridge University Press, 1991. B. Warner: Cataclysmic Variable Stars., Cambridge University Press, 2003. H. J.G. L. M. Lamers, J.P. Cassinelli: Introduction to Stellar Winds, Cambridge University press, 1999. D. F. Gray: The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Atmospheres, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992. P. Lena: Observational Astrophysics, Springer-Verlag, 1986.


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Lectures and consultations, problem solving, student projects.

7. Assessment methods: Oral and/or written examination.

8. References (3-5): Prof . Tomaž Zwitter - D'Odorico S., Oosterloo T., Zwitter, T. Calvani M.: „Evidence that the compact object in SS433 is a neutron star and not a black hole“, Nature, 353, 329-331 (1991) [COBISS.SI-ID 64129] - Munari U., Zwitter T.: „Equivalent width of NaI, and KI lines and reddening“, Astron. Astrophys,, 318, 269-274 (1997), 88 citatov. [COBISS.SI-ID 87681] - T. Zwitter, F. Castelli, U. Munari: „An extensive library of synthetic spectra covering the far red, RAVE and GAIA wavelength ranges“, Astron. Astrophys., 417, 1055-1062 (2004) [COBISS.SI-ID 220801]

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1. Course title: Physics of Advanced Materials Course coordinator: prof. dr. Janez Dolinšek

Lecturers:

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar:15 Lab. Work: Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: Inscription

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): gaining knowledge on advanced materials

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): I. Electronic materials and electrical properties II. Thermal conductors and insulators III. Thermoelectric materials IV. Magnetic materials V. Superconductors VI. Optical materials VII. Quasicrystals VIII. Micro- and nanotubes and wires IX. Carbon-based materials X. Hydrogen-storage materials

5. Literature: 1. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction; 6th edition, W. D. Callister, Jr. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003) 2. Engineering Materials Science; M. Ohring (Elsevier, 1995) 3. Quasicrystals – A Primer; 2nd edition, C. Janot (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, exercises, homework, consultations

7. Assessment methods: written and/or oral exam

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8. References (3-5): prof. dr. Janez Dolinšek: - director of permanent European School in Materials Science - 190 original publications (1983-2008) in peer-review journals from the fields of condensed matter physics and NMR spectroscopy (14 PRL, 75 PRB) - Slovenian principle investigator of the EU Network of Excellence "Complex Metallic Alloys" (FP6, 2005 – 2010)

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1. Course title: Physics of nanosystems Course coordinator: Anton Ramšak

Lecturers:

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: 0 Other: ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: No specific prerequisites

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Active skills in theoretical treatment of real mesoscopic systems as are quantum dots, quantum wires, thin layers etc.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Materials in nanotechnology. Realisation of nanostructures in semiconductors. Carbon based nanostructures: C60, carbon nanotubes and carbon monolayers. Metalic quantum dots. Nanowires. Molecular nanostructures. Experimental methods for the analysis of nanomaterials: physics of atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling microscope. Electronic properties of nanostructures. Quantized conductance and other basic electronic properties of quantum dots, quantum wires and two dimensional electronic gas. Ballistic electron transport, tunneling, noise, Coulomb blockade, single electron transistor, Aharonov-Bohm effect, quantum Hall effect, Kondo effect. Basic microscopic models relevant to nano structures. Quantum information processing. Quantum entanglement. Examples of the realisation of quantum bits. Fundamental theorems about quantum bits: no-cloning, destilation, error correction, quantum teleportation. Single and double qubit gates. Examples and application of quantum computing algoritms.

5. Literature: Selected chapters from textbooks: C. Kittel, Introduction to solid state physics (John Wiley & Sons, 2005 or later edition). W. Rainer, Nanoelectronics and Information Technology (John Wiley & Sons, 2005). D.K. Ferry and S.M. Goodnick, Transort in nanostructures (Cambridge University Press, 2001). S. Datta, Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems (Cambridge University Press, 1997). N.D. Mermin, Quantum Computer Science (Cambridge University Press, 2007).

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6. Teaching methods: Lectures, numerilad excercises, home projects, consultations.

7. Assessment methods: Oral and written exam. Written exam can be replaced with an individual project.

8. References (3-5): Prof. Dr. Anton Ramšak A. Ramšak, I. Sega, and J.H. Jefferson, Entanglement of two delocalized electrons, Phys. Rev. A 74, 010304(R) (2006). A. Ramšak and J.H. Jefferson, Shot noise reduction in quantum wires with 0.7 structure, Phys. Rev. B 71, 161311(R) (2005). A. Ramšak, T. Rejec, and J.H. Jefferson, Effect of deconfinement on resonant transport in quantum wires, Phys. Rev. B 58, 4014 (1998).

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1. Course title: Cosmology Course coordinator: dr. Anže Slosar, assist. prof.

Lecturers:


2. Prerequisites: Enrollment in the class.

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The objective is to obtain basic understanding of the standard cosmological model, with special emphasis on the basic assumptions (homogeneity, isotropy, observer's role) and their experimental justifications. The students learn about statistical methods as a crucial means to obtain constraints on cosmology and fundamental physics.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Homogeneous cosmological model: Hubble diagram, coordinate systems, Newtonian cosmology. Special relativity, Friedman-Robertson-Walker metrics, Friedman-Lemaitre equations. Cosmic inventory: photons, barions, dark matter, neutrinos (ultrarelativistic matter), dark energy. Early universe and light decoupling. Measurements of Hubble constant and expansion history. Perturbations in the linear theory: Taxonomy of perturbations. Perturbations in dark matter: evolution before and after the matter-radiation equipartition, transfer functions, power spectra. Cosmological limits to neutrino masses. Measurements of anisotropies in cosmic microwave background. Non-linear universe: N-body simulations and phenomenology of non-linear regime. Mass functions, Press-Schecter theory, halo model. Relation between matter and galaxy distributions as a function of galaxy properties (luminosity, colour, marphology, galactic nuclei). Measurements of galaxy distribution, weak lensing and Ly-alpha forest. Early universe and inflation: the problem of boundary conditions. Lepto-genesis, bario-genesis, Saharov conditions. Motivation for inflation, its scalar-field implementation, tensor and scalar perturbations. Spectral indices and slow-roll evolution approximation.

5. Literature: − Scott Dodelson: Modern Cosmology, Academic Press 2003. • Andrew Liddle: An Introduction to Modern Cosmology, John Wiley 2003. • Viatcheslav Mukhanov: Physical Foundations of Cosmology, Cambridge University Press,

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2005. • Thanu Padmanabhan: Cosmology and Astrophysics through problems, Cambridge University

Press 1996. • Lars Bergström, Ariel Goobar: Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, Springer 2006. • John Peacock: Physical Cosmology, Cambridge University Press 2003.

6. Teaching methods: Lectures and consultations, problem solving, homework, student projects.

7. Assessment methods: Oral and/or written examination.

8. References (3-5): dr. Anže Slosar, assist. prof.: − A Slosar et al.: Cosmological parameter estimation and Bayesian model comparison using

Very Small Array data, MNRAS 341:L29–L34, 2003 [COBISS.SI-ID 202881].

− S Dodelson, A Melchiorri, A Slosar: Is Cosmology Compatible with Sterile Neutrinos?, PRL 97(4) 1301, 2006 [COBISS.SI-ID 290433] .

− U. Seljak, A. Slosar, P. McDonald: Cosmological parameters from combining the Lyman-alpha forest with CMB, galaxy clustering and SN constraints, Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics, 10 (2006) 014 [COBISS.SI-ID 293505]

− C Gordon, K Land, A Slosar: Cosmological Constraints from Type Ia Supernovae Peculiar Velocity Measurements, PRL 99(8), 1301, 2007 [COBISS.SI-ID 289665].

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1. Course title: Quantum Optics Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Martin Čopič

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student shall get acquainted with the qunatum description of light and with the main qunatum phenomena in optics

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Quantization of the electromagnetic field, photon representation, coherent states. Measured quantities, photon counting, correlation functions, and coherence. Field representation in terms of quantum distribution functions. Interaction of light with atoms. Dressed states and quantum Rabi oscillations. Resonance fluorescence. Squeezed states and optical parametric amplification Interaction with reservoir, master equations. Entangled states, Bell inequalities, quantum coding

5. Literature: Christopher Gerry and Peter Knight, Introductory Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press , 2004 D. F. Walls and G.J. Milburn, Quantum Optics, Springer 1995

R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press 2000


7. Assessment methods:

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Oral examination

8. References (3-5): Prof . Martin Čopič DREVENŠEK OLENIK, Irena, ČOPIČ, Martin. Phase-matched optical second-harmonic generation in helically twisted smectic-C[sup]* phase. Phys. rev., E Stat. phys. plasmas fluids relat., 1997, 56, str. 581-591. [COBISS.SI-ID 455524] MARINČEK, Marko, ČOPIČ, Martin, LUKAČ, Matjaž. Time-dependent EM field characterization in pulsed lasers. IEEE j. quantum electron., 2000, 36, str. 502-508. [COBISS.SI-ID 1262180] MERTELJ, Alenka, ČOPIČ, Martin. Anisotropic diffusion of light in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Phys. rev., E Stat. nonlinear soft matter phys. (Print), 2007, vol. 75, no. 1, str. 011705-1-011705-6. [COBISS.SI-ID 20493095]

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1. Course title: Quantum field theory Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Svjetlana Fajfer Lecturers: Prof. dr. Svjetlana Fajfer No. of hours: Lectures: Seminar: Lab. Work: Other: 45 30 15 ECTS: 10

2. Prerequisites: enrolment in the class

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Basic understanding of the relativistic field equations and electromagnetic interactions.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Free scalar field: Klein-Gordon's equation, clasic field, canonic quantisation; Free spinor field: clasic field, canonic quantisation; Free electromagnetic field: Maxwell's equations in covariant form, gauge theory, quantisation (Lorentz gauge, Coulomb's gauge); Field theory and interactions: action (local U(1), SU(2), SU(3)), gauge transformation, asymptotic friedom and perturbation theory; S-matrix; Lowest orders of QED: cross section, Compton's cross section; Radiative corrections: photon apolarization, electron's propagator, vertex function. Anomalous magfnetic moments.

5. Literature:

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-Claude Itzykson, Jean-Bernard Zuber: QuantumField Theory McGraw-Hill, New York (1987) - Brian Hatfield: Quantum Field theory of point particles and strings, Addison-Wesley publishing company, New York (1992) - M. Peskin, D. Schroeder: An introduction to quantum field theory, Addison-Wesley publishing company, New York (1995)- Elementary Particles and Their Interactions, Concepts and Phenomena

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, homeworks and exercises.

7. Assessment methods: Written and oral exam 8. References (3-5): 1) Chiral loop corrections to strong decays of positive and negative parity charmed mesons. Svjetlana Fajfer (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana & Ljubljana U.) , Jernej Kamenik (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) . Jun 2006. 10pp. Published in Phys.Rev.D74:074023,2006. - 2) Chiral corrections and lattice QCD results for F(B(s)) / f(B(d)) and delta(B(s)) / delta m(B(d)). Damir Becirevic (Rome U.) , Svjetlana Fajfer, Sasa Prelovsek (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana & Ljubljana U.) , Jure Zupan (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) . IJS-TP-33-02, ROMA-1353-02, Nov 2002. 10pp. Published in Phys.Lett.B563:150-156,2003.

- 3) Resonant and nonresonant contributions to the weak D ---> V lepton+ lepton- decays. S. Fajfer, S. Prelovsek (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) , P. Singer (Technion) . IJS-TP-98-08, TECHNION-PH-98-10, May 1998. 21pp. Published in Phys.Rev.D58:094038,1998

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1. Course title: Teory of lasers Course coordinator: Prof. Martin Čopič

Lecturers:


2. Prerequisites: Enrollment in class

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Detailed understanding of laser physics and other coherent light sources, ability to use rate equations, semiclassical description, and density operator

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Theory of radiation, properties of spectral lines, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. Electromagnetic field in optical resonators. Opticla pumping and rate equations, optical amplification and saturation. Single frequency laser in the approximation of rate equations, relaxation oscillations, Q-switching. Spectral width of an ideal single frequency laser and quantum noise. Mulitmode laser and mode-locking. Examples of laser systems: gas and solid state lasers, active optical fibres, semiconductor lasers. Frequency stabilization of lasers, pulse compression and ferequency combs, laser as a time and length standard. Semiclassical model of laser, frequency shift. Quantum descritpion of lasers, master equation for the density matrix, coupling of a resonator mode to a reservoir.

5. Literature: O. Svelto, Principles of Lasers, 4th ed., Springer 1998 A. E. Siegman, Lasers, University Science Books 1986 H. Haken, Laser Light Dynamics, Light Vol. II., North Holland 1985


7.

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Assessment methods: Oral examination

8. References (3-5): Prof . Martin Čopič DREVENŠEK OLENIK, Irena, ČOPIČ, Martin. Phase-matched optical second-harmonic generation in helically twisted smectic-C[sup]* phase. Phys. rev., E Stat. phys. plasmas fluids relat., 1997, 56, str. 581-591. [COBISS.SI-ID 455524] MARINČEK, Marko, ČOPIČ, Martin, LUKAČ, Matjaž. Time-dependent EM field characterization in pulsed lasers. IEEE j. quantum electron., 2000, 36, str. 502-508. [COBISS.SI-ID 1262180] MERTELJ, Alenka, ČOPIČ, Martin. Anisotropic diffusion of light in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Phys. rev., E Stat. nonlinear soft matter phys. (Print), 2007, vol. 75, no. 1, str. 011705-1-011705-6. [COBISS.SI-ID 20493095]

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1. Course title: Experimental methods in condensed matter physics Course coordinator: prof. dr. Janez Dolinšek

Lecturers:


2. Prerequisites: Inscription

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): gaining knowledge on spectroscopic and microscopic experimental methods in condensed matter physics

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): I. Scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis (SEM) II. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) III. Surface methods (STM, AFM, LEED, AES) IV. NMR and EPR V. Gamma spectroscopy VI. Positron and muon spectroscopy VII. Neutron scattering VIII. Spectroscopy with atoms and ions IX. Magnetic measurements X. Transport measurements

5. Literature: Solid State Spectroscopy; H. Kuzmany (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1998) Transmission Electron Microscopy; D. B. Williams, C. B. Carter (Plenum Press, New York, 1996) Introduction to Surface and Thin Film Processes; J. A. Venables (Cambridge University Press, 2000) Surfaces and Interfaces of Solid Materials; H. Lüth (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1995)

6.

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Teaching methods: Lectures, exercises, homework, consultations

7. Assessment methods: written and/or oral exam

8. References (3-5): prof. dr. Janez Dolinšek: - director of permanent European School in Materials Science - 190 original publications (1983-2008) in peer-review journals from the fields of condensed matter physics and NMR spectroscopy (14 PRL, 75 PRB) - Slovenian principle investigator of the EU Network of Excellence "Complex Metallic Alloys" (FP6, 2005 – 2010)

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1. Course title: Symmetries in physics

Course coordinator: doc. dr. Primož Ziherl

Lecturers: doc. dr. Primož Ziherl


2. Prerequisites: Ennrollement in the doctoral program

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences):

The course discusses the role of symmetry in physical systems using a balanced selection of examples from physics of elementary particles, atomic and molecular physics, and condensed matter physics, and introduces group theory and group representation theory as tools for studying symmetries.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline):

Groups. Role of symmetry in physics. Definition of a group, subgroup, direct product, class. Examples. Representations. Linear spaces and operators. Theory of representations, characters, reducible and irreducible representations, Schur’s lemmas, orthogonal relations, representations of direct products, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Tensor operators, Wigner-Eckart theorem. Discrete groups: example. Permutation group S(n). Parity, representations, and base vectors; Young diagrams; direct and outer product. Continuous groups: example. Rotation group R(3). Infitesimal operators, irreducible representations, base vectors. Angular momentum, structure of atom. Symmetry in quantum mechanics. Definition of symmetry in quantum systems, degeneracy and characterization of eigenfunctions; selection rules and matrix elements; symmetry-breaking perturbations; indistinguishable particles. Molecular spectra. Harmonic approximation, eigenmodes; electron states and spectra, infrared and Raman spectra; many-body states. Point groups and crystal fields. Classification, symmetry operations, stereogram; structure of classes, crystallographic point groups. Symmetry of crystals. Translation group, space group; electron states in crystals, lattice vibrations; selection rules. Nuclei and elementary particles. Lie algebras, Casimir operators, unitary representations. Isospin and SU(2) group; SU(3) group, multiplets. Supermultiplets: nuclei; elementary particles, quarks. Space and time. Euclidean group; Lorentz group; Poincaré group.

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5. Literature: Selected chapters in

• W. Ludwig in C. Falter, Symmetries in Physics (Springer, Berlin, 1996).

• J. P. Elliott in P. G. Dawber, Symmetry in Physics (MacMillan, Houndmills, 1979).

• M. Hamermesh, Group Theory and Its Application to Physical Problems (Dover, New York, 1989).

• M. Tinkham, Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics (McGraw Hill, New York, 1964).

• S. K. Kim, Group Theoretical Methods and Applications to Molecules and Crystals (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999).

•


lectures, tutorials, seminars, homework assignments, consultations


• completed homework assignment is required to qualify to take oral examination • oral examination • grades: 1-5 (fail), 6-10 (pass) (in agreement with UL Statutes) •

8. References (3-5): P. Ziherl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 128102 (2007). P. Ziherl and S. Svetina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 761 (2007). P. Ziherl and R. D. Kamien, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3528 (2000).

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1. Course title: Advance quantum physics

Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Peter Prelovšek

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student gets basic knowledge of the nonrelativistic quantum machanics of many-body systems and the simplest methods for the treatmetn of such problems

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Method of second quantization: Bosons and fermions. Creation and annihilation operators. Field operators. Moment representation. Models of quantum systems of interacting fermions and bosons.

Atoms and molecules: Thomas-Fermi model of atom. Hartree-Fock approximation for atoms and molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Bosons: Free bosons, pair correlation function. Coherent states. Boson gas. Bose - Einstein condensation. Bogolubov method of canonical transformation for excited states. Superfluidity. Variational and numerical approaches: Density functional and local approximation. Quantum Monte-Carlo method. Propagator: Spectral function. Lehmann representation. Physical interpretation. Perturbation expansion: Time-dependent perturbation theory. Wick theorem. Feynman diagrams in coordinate and momentum space. Dyson equation. Goldstone expansion for ground-state energy. Screened interaction and dielectric response: RPA. Two-particle scattering and Bethe-Salpeter equation.

5. Literature: - F. Schwabl: Advanced Quantum Mechanics (Springer, 1999). - A. S. Davydov, Quantum Mechanics (Pergamon Press, 1970). - A. L. Fetter, J. D. Walecka, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Physics (Mc Graw Hill, 1971). - M. Rosina, Višja kvantna mehanika (DMFA,1995)


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Lectures, problem solving, homeworks, and consultations


8. References (3-5): Prof . Peter Prelovšek P. Prelovšek: Teorija trdne snovi, DMFA 1999 J. Jaklič, P. Prelovšek, Finite-temperature properties of doped antiferromagnets, Advances in Physics, Vol. 49, 1 (2000). P. Prelovšek, Two-band model of superconducting cuprates, Physics Lett. B 249, 33 (1988).

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1.

Course title: Advanced statistical physics

Course coordinator: prof. dr. Anton Ramšak

Lecturers: prof. dr. Anton Ramšak

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: 0 Other:

ECTS: 10 2. Prerequisites: enrolment in the class

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Application of methods of statistical physics for description and analysis of equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Statistical physics methods in real systems. Density matrix, partition function, canonical and grand canonical systems, averages, thermodynamic limit. Ideal quantum gas, Bose-Einstein condensation. Real gases, virial expansion. Mean field approximation: Poisson-Boltzmann equation for inhomogeneous Coulomb gas; ferromagnets; percolation; binar alloys; polimers. Flory-Higgins mean field theory for polimers. Theory of phase transitions. Phenomenology: continous and discontinous transitions; triple, critical, tricritical points; symmetry breaking; universality; order parameter. Thermodynamics: liquid-gas transition in real systems, van der Waals model; thermodynamics of superconductors; Landau theory of phase transitions: ferromagnet/paramegnet, nematic/isotropic liquid. Classical critical exponents, Ginzburg-Landau hamiltonian, Ginzburg criterium. Renormalization group: 1D and 2D Ising model, renormalization in real space, spin blocks, (non)linear transformations, critical point. Methods of non-equilibrium statistical physics. Fokker- Planck equation, Botzmann transport equation, Greens and response functions. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Classical limit. Examples: dielectric and magnetic susceptibility, transport coefficients. Influence of conserved quantities and broken symmetry.

5. Literature: Selected chapters from textbooks: F. Schwabl, Statistical Mechanics (Springer, Berlin, 2002). K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987). P. Papon, J. Leblond in P. H. E. Meijer, The Physics of Phase Transitions (Springer, Berlin, 2002).

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J.M. Yeomans, Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992). N. Goldenfeld, Lectures on phase transitions and the renormalization group (Addison-Wesley, Urbana-Champain, 1992). 6. Teaching methods: Lectures, numerilad excercises, home projects, consultations.

7. Assessment methods: Oral and written exam. Written exam can be replaced with an individual project.

8. References (3-5): Prof. Dr. Anton Ramšak

A. Ramšak, I. Sega, and J.H. Jefferson, Entanglement of two delocalized electrons, Phys. Rev. A 74, 010304(R) (2006). A. Ramšak and J.H. Jefferson, Shot noise reduction in quantum wires with 0.7 structure, Phys. Rev. B 71, 161311(R) (2005). A. Ramšak, T. Rejec, and J.H. Jefferson, Effect of deconfinement on resonant transport in quantum wires, Phys. Rev. B 58, 4014 (1998).

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1. Course title: Mechanics of nuclear structures and materials Course coordinator: Izr.prof.dr. Leon Cizelj

Lecturers: Izr.prof.dr. Leon Cizelj, Izr.prof.dr. Igor Jenčič


2. Prerequisites: Enrolment in the first or higher year study. Prerequisite knowledge from the fields of: Construction mechanics, fracture mechanics, Heat transfer, elastomechanics, plastomechanics

3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Study and handle computational mechanics methods, typically employed in nuclear engineering, at different length and time scales. Study the most important methods used to transfer information between scales. The main focus is on finite element method and scales important for engineering: component and crystal grain scales. Obtain also basic ideas of other contemporary methods. Study and handle models and methods for prediction of growth of defects, important for the safety of nuclear facilities. Under guidance, implement selected numerical experiments.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Finite element method in mechanics of solids. Small deformations Finite deformations Typical finite elements Constitutive models (scale of components). Isotropic and anisotropic elasticity. Plasticity. Constitutive models (scale of crystal grains). Crystal plasticity. Damage models.

Stationary cracks. Growing cracks. Overview of simulations at smaller scales. Dislocations. Molecular dynamics. Overview of other numerical methods in mechanics of solids Finite difference method. Boundary element method Meshless methods

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Design and implementation of computational experiments.

5. Literature: 1) Kleiber, Handbook of Computational Solid Mechanics, Springer, 1995. 2) Zienkiewicz, Taylor, The Finite Element Method, Butterworth – Heinemann, 2000. Asaro, Lubarda, Mechanics Of Solids And Materials, Cambridge University Press (United States), 2006. 3) Chen, Lee, Eskandarian, Meshless Methods in Solid Mechanics, Springer, 2006.

6. Teaching methods: - lectures - computational exercises - seminar

7. Assessment methods: written / oral examination,

8. References (3-5): SIMONOVSKI, Igor, NILSSON, Karl-Fredrik, CIZELJ, Leon. The influence of crystallographic orientation on crack tip displacements of microstructurally small, kinked crack crossing the grain boundary. Comput. mater. sci.. [Print ed.], 2007, vol. 39, no. 4, str. 817-828. CIZELJ, Leon, RIESCH-OPPERMANN, Heinz. Modelling the early development of secondary side stress corrosion cracks in steam generator tubes using incomplete random tessellation. Nucl. Eng. Des.. [Print ed.], 2002, vol. 212, str. 21-29. JENČIČ, Igor, Hollar, E.P. and Robertson, I.M., Crystallization of isolated amorphous zones in semiconductors, Phil. Mag. 83, 2557-2571 (2003).

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1. Course title: Modelling in nuclear thermal hydraulics

Course coordinator: izr. prof. Iztok Tiselj

Lecturers: izr. prof. Iztok Tiselj, doc. dr. Ivo Kljenak

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: Lab. Work: 15 Other: ECTS: 10


3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Modelling of thermal hydraulic processes in the systems of the nuclear power plants. Development of computer codes and application of the existing computer codes. Specific competences: Modelling and ability to solve various problems, computational skills. Each of the projects within the course presents a nuclear thermal hydraulic problem that is solved with appropriate mathematical tool. Relevant mathematical tools are existing computer codes as well as computer codes developed by the student.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Two-phase flows: types of two-phase flows. Emphasis on types relevant for nuclear engineering. Two-phase flow models and numerical solution of equations. Modelling with two-fluid models of two-phase flow, modelling of wall heat transfer in two-phase flow, boiling in vertical channel, interfacial exchange of mass momentum and energy. Modelling of single to two-phase flow transition: condensation, cavitation. Practical examples and exercises: - Thermodynamics simulations - "Lumped parameter" models, solution of ordinary differential equations. - 2D/3D simulations in hydrodynamics with finite difference and finite volume methods. Development of own codes and application of existing codes Fluent, CFX. - Simulations of critical flow in the nozzle and pressure waves in the pipes - solution of Euler equations with finite volume methods. Own codes and codes RELAP, TRACE. - Simulations of two-phase flows: a) two-fluid models: 1D and 3D simulations b) interface tracking models

5. Literature: 1) Ishii, Hibiki, "Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow", Springer, 2006.

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2) Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications, John David Anderson, Publisher: McGraw Hill, Pub. 1995 3) Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics, Joel H. Ferziger and Milovan Peric, Springer Verlag, 1999 6. Teaching methods: - lectures - computational exercises

7. Assessment methods: written / oral examination

8. References (3-5):

1) TISELJ, Iztok, PETELIN, Stojan. Modelling of two-phase flow with second order accurate scheme. J. comput. phys., 1997, vol. 136, str. 503-521. 2) TISELJ, Iztok in 10 avtorjev. WAHA3 Code Manual, Report of the project: WAHALoads - Two-phase flow water hammer transients and induced loads on materials and structures of nuclear power plants, 2004 3) KLJENAK, Ivo, MAVKO, Borut. Simulation of void fraction profile evolution in subcooled nucleate boiling flow in a vertical annulus using a bubble-tracking approach. Heat Mass Transfer, 2006, 42, str. 552-561.

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1. Course title: Radiation and environment

Course coordinator: prof. dr. Andrej Likar

Lecturers: prof. dr. Andrej Likar, doc.dr. Damijan Škrk



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The course gives students knowledge in the field of radiation and environmental protection with aim to act as qualified and independent experts when evaluating health risks due to radiation exposure and be able to harmonise practices with radiation protection legislation.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Ionising radiation sources (natural and artificial isotopes, cosmic radiation, nuclear fuel cycle, accelerators, neutron generators, X-ray sources, nuclear explosions, radiological and nuclear accidents). Effects and consequences of ionising radiation (absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective

dose, stohastic effects, deterministic effects, dose -effect relationship models). Radiation protection principles and measures (justification, optimisation, dose limits) Radiation exposure evaluation (occupational exposure, medical exposure, public exposure, dose registers). Measurement of radiation (dose rate measurements, high resolution spectrometry, alfa spectrometry, radiochemical methods, sampling and sample preparation, reliability control, documented procedures, comparison measurements, calibration procedures). Environmental radiological monitoring (basic guidelines, external radiation monitoring, monitoring of air, water, soil and food chain, emergency events monitoring, TENORM). Monitoring programmes (preoperational monitoring, operational monitoring, monitoring, decommission monitoring programmes in Slovenia). Modeling of radioactive contamination distribution Cases of emergency events and their analysis (nuclear reactor accident, radiological accidents, military activities, countermeasures ). Legislation, recommendations and organisations in the field of radiation protection (EURATOM, Slovenian legislation, organisations: ICRP, IAEA, UNSCEAR, ISOE/NEA)

5.

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Literature: − G. F. Knoll, Radiation detection and measurement, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000 − H. Cember, Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1996 − Council Directive 96/29 EURATOM Basic safety Standards for the protection of the health of

workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation (1996) − International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for Safety of

Radiation Sources, IAEA Safety Series 115 − Recommendations of the ICRP,Annals of the ICRP, Publication 103, Elsevier 2008 − Zakon o varstvu pred ionizirajočimi sevanji in jedrski varnosti (Uradni list RS št 102/04) s

pripadajočimi predpisi1)

6. Teaching methods: - lectures, homework, seminars, consultations

7. Assessment methods: written / oral examination, passed / not passed

8. References (3-5): 1) KORUN, Matjaž, LIKAR, Andrej, LIPOGLAVŠEK, Matej, MARTINČIČ, R., PUCELJ, Bogdan. In situ measurement of Cs distribution in soil. Nucl. instrum. methods phys. res., B Beam interact. mater. atoms (1994), vol. 93, str. 485-491. 2) LIKAR, Andrej, VIDMAR, Tim, PUCELJ, Bogdan. Monte Carlo determination of gamma-ray dose rate with the geant system. Health phys. (1958), 1998, vol. 75, str. 165-169. 3) LIKAR, Andrej et. al. Proton capture to continuum states of 209Bi. Phys. rev. C. Nucl. phys., 2006, vol. 73, str.044609-1-044609-8- 4) ŠKRK, Damijan, ZDEŠAR, Urban, ŽONTAR, Dejan. Diagnostic reference levels for X-ray examinations in Slovenia. Radiol. oncol. (Ljubl.), 2006, vol. 40, no. 3, str. 189-195. 5) BREZNIK, Borut, KRIŽMAN, Milko, ŠKRK, Damijan, TAVZES, Radovan. Law on protection against ionising radiation and nuclear safety in Slovenia. V: Third ISOE European Workshop, Portorož, Slovenia, 17-19 April 2002. Occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants, (Radiation protection). Issy-les-Moulineaux: OECD, 2003, str. 83-90. 6) ARINO, I., GORIŠEK, Andrej, KORPAR, Samo, KRIŽAN, Peter, PESTOTNIK, Rok, STARIČ,

Marko, STANOVNIK, Aleš, ŠKRK, Damijan, ŽIVKO, Tomi. The HERA-B ring imaging Cherenkov counter. Nucl. instrum, methods phys res., Sect. A, Accel.. [Print ed.], 2004, vol. 516, str. 445-461.

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1. Course title: Optical methods in physics for teachers

Course coordinator: doc. dr. Igor Poberaj

Lecturers: doc. dr. Igor Poberaj

No. of hours: 45 Lectures: 30 Seminar: 15 Lab. Work: 0 Other: 0 ECTS: 10


3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Knowledge of fundametal laws in optics, optical phenomena and optical devices and their applications. Understaning of optical phenomena and working principles of optical devices.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Introduction: Wave exuation. Reflection and refraction: Fresnel eqautions, total internal reflection, application examples. Diffraction theory: Kirchhoff scalar diffraction theory, Fresnel and Fraunhof approximation, holography, Gaussian beams, examples. Interferometry: Fabry Perot interferometer, Michelsonov and Mach Zender interferometer, Sagnac interferometer, optical resonators. Interaction of light with matter: refractive index, Faraday effect, light propagation in anisotropic media, fundamentals of nonlinear optics, optical amplification. Basic principles of lasers. Litght detectors. Examples of optical device applications: optical sensors, spectroscopy, advanced microscopy techniques, laser material processing, laser micromanipulation.

5. Literature: Hecht: Optics (Addison-Wesley 1998, ISBN 0-201-30425-2) R. Guenther: Modern Optics (Wiley, 1990, ISBN 0-471-60538-7)

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, seminars, consultations.


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Oral exam 8. References (3-5): MUŠEVIČ, Igor, ŠKARABOT, Miha, BABIČ, Dušan, OSTERMAN, Natan, POBERAJ, Igor, NAZARENKO, V., NYCH, A. Laser trapping of small colloidal particles in a menatic liquid crystal : clouds and ghosts. Phys. rev. lett., 2004, vol. 93, str. 187801-1-187801-4 KOTAR, Jurij, VILFAN, Mojca, OSTERMAN, Natan, BABIČ, Dušan, ČOPIČ, Martin, POBERAJ, Igor. Interparticle potential and drag coefficient in nematic colloids. Phys. rev. lett., 2006, vol. 96, str. 207801-1-207801-4 OSTERMAN, Natan, BABIČ, Dušan, POBERAJ, Igor, DOBNIKAR, Jure, ZIHERL, Primož. Observation of condensed phases of quasiplanar core-softened colloids. Phys. rev. lett., 2007, 99, str. 248301-1-248301-4.

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1. Course title: Atmospheric physics - radiation Course coordinator: Prof. Jože Rakovec

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): Student shall get acquainted with physical basis of radiation processes in atmosphere, atmospheric energetic and climate and its change.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Radiation in atmosphere: Solar radiation transfer through a clear atmosphere (absorption in O3 and H2O, Rayleigh scattering on air molecules, Mie scattering on aerosol), IR radiation of ground and of atmosphere (absorption in H2O, CO2, O3, ...), effect of clouds and of aerosol. Divergence of radiation flux in an atmospheric layer and its warming/cooling. Global energetic: Energy transformations (internal, potential and kinetic energy in atmosphere, available potential energy), global planetary energy balance, local balances and warming/cooling. Global climate consequences: Radiation balance change due to greenhouse effect and due to other causes. Radiative potentials of different gasses and aerosols. Scenarios of radiation balances.

5. Literature: 1. J. Houghton: The Physics of Atmospheres, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002, ISBN 0-512-80456-6. 2. C. F. Bohren, E. E. Clothiaux: Fundamentals of atmospheric radiation. Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2006, ISBN 3-527-40503-8. 3. G. E. Thomas, K. Stamnes: Radiative transfer in the atmosphere and ocean, Cambridge University Press, 1999 XXVI+517 str. ISBN 0-521-40124-0 4. G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt: Radiative Processes in Meteorology and Climatology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976, XVII+ 328 str., ISBN 0-444-41444-4 5. IPCC: Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Cambridge Univ. Press (for WMO and UNEP), 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-88009-1. 6. J. Houghton: Global warming: the complete briefing, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1997, XV+251 str. ISBN 0-521-62089-9

6.

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Teaching methods: Lectures, problem solving, homeworks, and consultations


8. References (3-5): Prof . Jože Rakovec 1. J. Rakovec, 2008: Energetika dogajanj v ozračju. I. del, Izmerjene in modelske vrednosti, Obz. mat. fiz. 55, 91-101. [COBISS.SI-ID 2098020] , II. del, Energijske pretvorbe (v tisku). 2. Kastelec, D., Rakovec, J., Zakšek, K., 2007: Sončna energija v Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU, 2007. 136 str., ilustr. ISBN 978-961-254-002-9. [COBISS.SI-ID 233151488] 3. Hočevar, A. in Rakovec, J, 1977: General models of circum-global and quasi-global radiation on hills of simple geometrical shapes. Part I, Theoretical consideration. Arch. meteorol. geophys. bioclimatol., B Climatol. environ. meteorol. radiat. res., 25, 151-164. [COBISS.SI-ID 775268] , Part II, Applications, verification with measurements. Arch. meteorol. geophys. bioclimatol., B Climatol. environ. meteorol. radiat. res., 25, 165-176. [COBISS.SI-ID 775524]

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1. Course title: Open Problems in Physics

Course coordinator: Prof. dr. Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik

Lecturers:



3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The purpose of this course is to let the student know how far do we understand the law of nature---on all the fields of physics (from the elementary particle physics, over all kinds of the many body problems, to the cosmology) and to present her/him on open problems how do a new knowledge, new ideas, new understanding arise, and what role do new theories, new models, new experimental evidences and experimental checking play in better understanding the law of nature. In seminars and home works on simple examples shall students together with the teacher and the assistant try to better understand some of the open problems in physics. Students may make a choice of either deeper treating a few particular problems or be involved in more open problems trying to find out common points.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): A short overview of theoretical tools and approaches applicable on all the fields of physics. The action, symmetries of an action and equations of motion. Application of the action on several different physical systems. Mathematical tools for the description of the internal degrees of freedom of fermions and bosons: spins and charges. A short overview of the today's knowledge in the elementary particle physics. The assumptions of the standard model of the electroweak and colour interactions. The standard model. Experimental approvals of the standard model. Open problems of this model. Some propositions for solutions of the open problems and possible predictions of the particular propositions: A simple supersymmetric model and possible predictions. An insight into the theory of strings and membranes and possible predictions. Other propositions. Expectations from te measurements at new accelerators and other new experiments. A short overview of the theory of gravitation and cosmology. A short overview on the gauge theory of gravitation and in the Einstein theory of gravitation. The cosmological model with the Newton mechanics. The hadron matter and antimatter in the universe. The dark matter and possible explanations for the dark matter appearance. The dark energy. Experimental evidences of the evolution of our universe. Open problems and some propositions for solving these problems. Simple models for the inflation of the universe, for the dark matter, for the dark energy.

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Clusters of particles, matter and properties of matter. A short insight into hadron physics: How to come from the bare quarks to hadrons. Effective theories of clusters of elementary particles. Evaluation of properties of particles with the lattice QCD. Matter and open problems in many body systems. Special properties of matter: electromagnetic, supraconducting, others. Effective theories, ideas for effective theories, searching for ways and ideas to come from experimental evidences and from more fundamental theories to effective theories. Quantum mechanics and quantum field theories. Open problems. Problems with the interpretation of experiments. Problems of quantum theory of gravitation. Quantum computers. Other actual problems.

5. Literature: Ta-Pei Cheng, Ling-Fong Li, Gauge theory of elementary particle physics (Oxford University Press 1986), poglavje o Standardnem modelu, M. Mizushima, Theoretical Physics (John Wiley, New York 1972), Poglavje o gravitaciji. P. Ramond, Field theory (Frontiers in Physics, Addison-Wesley 1990), poglavja o akciji, simetrijah in fermionskih ter bozonskih poljih. M. Blagojević, Gravitation and gauge szmmetries (IOP London 2002), Poglavje o simetrijah in o umeritveni teoriji gravitacije. A.V. Narlikar (Ed.), High Temperature Superconductivity (Springer 2004). J. Silk, The Big Bang; The creation and evolution of the universe (Freeman 2001), uvodno poglavje.

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, problem solving, homeworks, seminar works with a strong collaboration with the teacher (advising students, discussing with them in very details the seminar problem) and consultations.

7. Assessment methods: Oral examination, homeworks and one seminar.

8. References (3-5): *N.S. Mankoč Borštnik, H.B. Nielsen, ,,Why Nature has made a choice of one time and three space coordinates?˝, hep-ph/0108269, J. Phys. A:Math. Gen. 35 (2002) 10563-10571. *N.S. Mankoč Borštnik, H.B. Nielsen ''An example of Kaluza-Klein-like theory with boundary conditions, which lead to massless and mass protected spinors chirally coupled to gauge fields'', Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006) 771-775, hep-th/0509101, *Phys. Lett. B 10.1016 (2008), ''Fermions with no fundamental charges call for extra dimensions'', *Phys. Lett. B 644 (2007) 198-202, hep-th/0608006. *A. Borštnik Bračič, N.S. Mankoč Borštnik, ''On the origin of families of fermions and their mass matrices'', hep-ph/0512062, Phys Rev. D 74 (2006) 073013-16. *G. Bregar, M. Breskvar, D. Lukman, N.S. Mankoč Borštnik, ''On the origin of families of quarks and leptons - predictions for four families'', to appear in New J. of Phys.Sept.2008, hep/ph-07082846.

*M. Gregorič, N.S. Mankoč Borštnik, "Quantum gates and quantum algorithms with Clifford algebra technique",to appear in Int. J. of Modern Phys. In Sept. 2008, quant-ph/0801.3201v1.

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1.

Course title: Experimental Surface Physics Course coordinator: Prof. Igor Muševič

Lecturers: Prof. Dean Cvetko

No. of hours:45 Lectures: 10 Seminar: 5 Lab. Work: 30 Other: ECTS: 10


3. Objectives of the course and intended learning outcomes (competences): The student shall get acquainted with surface and interface physics of solid and soft matter with a strong emphasis on practical application of experimental methods for surface spectroscopy, imaging and structural analysis.

4. Contents (Syllabus outline): Soft matter surfaces and interfaces: Molecular interactions and DLVO theory. Van der Waals force and forces between charged surfaces. Structural forces in liquids, adhesion and capillary forces. Principles of operation of STM, AFM and related Surface Probe Microscopy techniques. Force spectroscopy using Atomic Force Microscope. Optical tweezers, force spectroscopy and manipulation of matter. Solid surfaces and thin films: Geometrical structure of solid surfaces, surface relaxation and reconstruction, surface morphology long range order and surface phase transitions. Epitaxy and thin film growth. Electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces. Synchrotron radiation based techniques. Practical excercises : Structural techniques: Structural and long range order measurements of solid surfaces and overlayers by diffraction (LEED, X-ray diffraction, Helium atom scattering). Photoelectron diffraction as local structural probe. Spectroscopy: X-ray photoemission for chemical analysis of surfaces – XPS, valence band spectroscopy – UV photoemission, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) – measurement of molecular geometry at surfaces. Applications to complex organic systems. Spectromicroscopy using synchrotron radiation. Practical applications of STM microscopy and spectroscopy. Single molecule and atom manipulation using low-temperature STM. Imaging of surfaces using AFM and related SPM techniques. Application of AFM in biological and soft-matter systems. Practical applications of force spectroscopy using AFM, applications of laser tweezers.

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5. Literature: 1. J. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press, 1992. 4. R. Wiesendanger, Scanning probe microscopy, Springer, 1998. 5. J.P.Fillard, Near field optics and nanoscopy, World Scientific, 1996. 6. A. Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces, Cambridge UP, 1988. 7. D.P.Woodruff, T.A.Delchar, Modern techniques in surface science, Cambridge 1994. 8. J.M.Walls, R. Smith, Surface science techniques, Pergamon, 1994 9. D.Meyers, Surfaces, Interfaces and Colloids, VCH Publishers Inc., 1991. 10.P.A.Kralchevsky, K. Nagayama, Particles at Fluid Interfaces and Membranes, Elsevier 2001.

6. Teaching methods: Lectures, practical excercises, experimental work in laboratories, workshops, and consultations 7. Assessment methods: Oral exam. Students may choose from solid state and soft matter surface course. Common to both selected topics is »experimental techniques«. Written reports on participation in real experiments in selected laboratories are mandatory and should be presented at oral exams. Grades from 1 to 10 (excellent); 1-5 (do not pass) 6-10 (pass) according to the Faculty and University regulations.

8. References (3-5): Prof . Igor Muševič, Prof. Dean Cvetko 1. I.Muševič et al. Science 313, 954(2006). 2. D.Cvetko et al., Phys. rev., B, Condens. matter mater. phys., 2005, vol. 72, str. 045404-1-045404-9. [COBISS.SI-ID 19179559] 3. A. Schiffrin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2007, vol. 104, no 13, str. 5279-5284. [COBISS.SI-ID 1985636]

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