UCLA Public Safety Network Systems Laboratory

Co‐Directors:

Professor Kung Yao yao@ee.ucla.edu

Professor Izhak Rubin rubin@ee.ucla.edu

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Mission• Carry out research, development and testing of public 

safety network systems that provide the public with a reliable, robust, high performance communications network systems.

• Providing the public with timely and reliable multimedia broadband information networks that assure its safety at any time, at any place and on the move.

• Aiding safety service providers and equipment manufacturers with the introduction, testing, operation and management of interoperable, efficient, progressive, manageable and innovative  network systems, applications and autonomous intelligent user devices.

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Areas• 1. Develop a CONOPS for Public Safety Network and Operations Technologies - This includes planning of

workshops and seminars for diverse users to solicit their needs and familiarize them with new technologies. The output of this effort is a Report that becomes the framework for future work.

• 2. Develop Reference Model for Public Safety. This activity builds upon the information collected in Activity 1 and defines a functional Models that describe the Operational Processes that will drive applications and configurations.

• 3. Technologies such as LTE. Also relevant is the issue of Operations Area. This is the kind of efforts that the Dispatch Centers are involved in. Reactive and pro-active technologies and applications that include Data Fusion, Decision Support and new applications that can provide timely information to Smartphones.

• 4. Device Technologies. Such as smart-phones; determine how they can be adopted to the environments that Public Safety Officers work in. Examples include: smartphone devices that can be handled by firemen with gloves on; voice recognition and active-noise reduction technologies that can be used for a Fireman wearing an enclosed helmet. Adopting existing and new GPS and other automated location/tracking technologies that can enhance efficient deployment of First Responders and associated equipments.

• 5. Interoperability - This area is quite relevant to LA-RICS in that initially it could be a start with the solution we are proposing and then based on the CONOPS define future solutions. This drives the demos we will be able to develop. Interoperability should also address intercommunication to other agencies not yet fully adopted to the 700 MHz PS bands.

• 6. Interoperability Testing – in the lab environment at UCLA, where a multitude of LA-RICS environments are simulated and provided to users to use for testing purposes, including studying "what ifs" on new products and technologies.

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Area 1: CONOPS for Public Safety Communications Networking

• Develop a CONOPS for Public Safety Communications Networking• Develop a requirement document for networking transport and operations in a regional

(metropolitan) space• UCLA will develop, run, and conduct meetings, seminars, workshops and conferences to collect

data and assess users’ needs and requirements• Attendees and participants will include persons from user agencies, local/state/federal

government organizations, industrial organizations, manufacturers, legislature, law enforcement, first responders, homeland security, private citizens, academia, DOD, and military.

• Updates of public safety oriented Operations Technologies • Output: Report that becomes the framework for future work in synthesizing services,

applications and technologies for a public safety network system• UCLA unique capability and experience in this area include:

– Three principles of the proposed Center have over 120 years of leadership roles in academic, government, and industrial based R&D projects in communication/computer networks, wireless/satellite communications, aerospace/avionic sys., and array/signal processing sys.

– State of the art knowledge of newly evolving networking systems and services, and networking QoS based transport, management and operations

– Vast experience of center leadership, management, and organization in conducting workshops, conferences, and seminars for government, industrial, and military organizations

– Strong academic and practical experiences permit creation of precise and focused requirement documents

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Area 2: Reference Model for Public Safety Communications Networks

• Develop Reference Model for Public Safety communications networks • This activity builds upon the information collected in Activity Area 1• A layered architecture reference model will be developed to identify the functions and

services that are involved and the corresponding ordering of task and service flows – Each layer receives services from the layer below and provides services to a higher layer– The higher application layers will be divided to multiple public safety oriented sub-

layers that provide essential services to end user devices– The lower networking layers will provide communications networking services that are

effectively and efficiently designed to assure highly robust and failure - resistant transport of high quality multimedia (data, voice and video) flows in a metropolitan space, with effective connectivity to backbone networks

• The models will involve multiple dimensions: user plane, control/signaling place, management (and operations) plane

• Horizontally: Each layer is related to its NME (network management and operations entities); vertically: a layer reference architecture and tasking/service flows in each plane

• Correlation with Functional Models that describe the operational processes that will drive technology and products

• Proposed model needs to have the capability to perform in-frequent uploading of high-rate image/video streams characterizing urgent disaster scenarios

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Area 3: Public Safety Communications and Networking Technologies

• LTE based public safety communications networking systems• Communications mechanisms and gear; radios systems; communications

channels• Communications networking architectures, protocols and robust distribution

algorithms• Communications networking gear; switches and routers; relays• Integrated mobile backbone based and multihop ad hoc networking systems.• Base station and mobile backbone nodes acting as Mobile Control/Command

nodes and /or relay nodes connecting to backbone networks, including to satellite and microwave links

• Operations and management of public safety network systems• Control center operations; decision support; data fusion• New, including smart-phone, applications for use in public safety networks and

services.• Effective status multimedia data dissemination and collection techniques and

their network based distributions

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Area 4: Device Technologies• Use of portable Smartphones (with self-contained high quality camera and

image/video display) for diverse Public Safety applications • Use of Smartphone features but with larger and more capable displays for

dedicated “IT operator” in vehicles and in control/command nodes• Adopt existing and new automated and robust geo-locating technologies for

rapid locating/tracking of first responders in diverse (urban and rural) scenarios

• Exploit voice recognition and adaptive noise cancellation technologies for rapid personnel identification and high quality speech communications in noisy and confined environments

• Devices to sense / collect /generate/ receive / process / fuse and disseminate over time / space Public Safety related data flows. Use of these devices in public safety scenarios such as: alert messaging, precedence based QoS oriented flow control of network communications in emergency situations; dissemination of medical and environmental contamination data; , congestion control for highway systems.

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Area 5: Interoperability • Interoperability between initial system and targeted future network

systems• Interoperability with other access and backbone network systems,

such as:– LTE versions, other cellular implementations, Wi-Fi, Internet, private IP

networks, other access systems (cable, DSL, etc.)– Satellite systems– Paging and other wireless network systems– UAV / helicopter based network systems– Other public network systems– Military networks; including mobile ad hoc wireless networks– Share communications capability for regional authorities (e.g., road repair

and traffic control) in non-emergency scenarios• Interoperability with future smart grid network systems• Interoperability demonstrations

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Area 6: Interoperability Testing• Interoperability testing at UCLA lab environment• Simulation programs developed and employed

– where a simulated LA-RICS environment exists for the end users to come and do the "what ifs" on new products and technologies.

• Development of hybrid simulation and device / network of physical sub-system modeling and analyses

• Tradeoff and sensitivity studies using the lab environment to be developed

• Testing and simulation of interoperations of systems and devices provided by multiple vendors

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PSNS Lab:  Sample Team Topics

• Web Design • Applications per segment (police, fire, first responders, medical, etc.) 

• Requirements per segment Communications gear (radios etc.) per segment 

• Networking gear (routers etc) per segment• Networking architecture and software• Network Management• Apps for smartphone in PS• Testing and measurement• Failure and reconstitution• Autonomous systems and devices

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UCLA PSNS Laboratory

Development Tasks

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Public Safety Network System

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0. Wed Design

• Web design

• Categorization

• References and Links

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I. Communications Equipment for PSNS

• 0.  Requirements

• 1.  Existing radios per public safefy agency

• 2.  Future Radios– E.g., Motorola APX radios;multi band: 700/800 MHz, VHF, UHF1;

– 3. Other Comm equipment

• 3.  Comm physical layer software

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Example: Motorola APX Radios

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Example: Motorola XTL Radios

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Two Way Public Safety Radios

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II.  Networking Gear for PSNS

• 0.  Requirements• 1.  Routers and Switches for PSNS• 2.  Metropolitan Area

– Cellular• 2.1 Current• 2.2 LTE; G4; WiMax• 2.3  LTE for PSNS

• Local Area– WiFi; meshed WiFi

• Other– Satellite– Ad Hoc– UAV based– Autonomous (UGV, UAV, robotic, …)

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IMT

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•In mid 1990s, the ITU-R organization specified the IMT-2000 specifications for what standards that should be considered 3G systems. •However, the cell phone market only brands some of the IMT-2000 standards as 3G (e.g. WCDMA and CDMA2000), but not all (3GPP EDGE, DECT and mobile-WiMAX all fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are formally accepted as 3G standards, but are typically not branded as 3G). •In 2008, ITU-R specified the IMT-Advanced(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G systems.

ITU Requirements and 4G wireless standards

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•4G often refers to IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), as defined by ITU-R. •An IMT-Advanced cellular system must fulfill the following requirements - Based on an all-IP packet switched network.- Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements.- Dynamically share and utilize the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell.- Scalable channel bandwidth, between 5 and 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz - Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth) and similar system spectral efficiency.- Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks.- Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation multimedia support.

4G LTE

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In September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates Basically all proposals are based on two technologies:LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e. WiMAX)

Present implementations of WiMAX and LTE are largely considered a stopgap solution that will offer a considerable boost while WiMAX 2 (based on the 802.16m spec) and LTE Advanced are finalized. Both technologies aim to reach the objectives traced by the ITU, but are still far from being implemented.

The first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced was approved in June 2008 .LTE Advanced will be standardized in 2010 as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification. LTE Advanced will be fully built on the existing LTE specification Release 10 and not be defined as a new specification series. A summary of the technologies that have been studied as the basis for LTE Advanced is included in a technical report.Current LTE and WiMAX implementations are considered pre-4G, as they don't fully comply with the planned requirements of 1 Gbit/s for stationary reception and 100 Mbit/s for mobile.

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) -Advanced

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Data speeds of LTE Advanced

LTE Advanced

Peak Download 1 Gbit/s

Peak Upload 500 Mbit/s

LTE Advanced (Long-term-evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be released in 2012. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements.LTE Advanced is essentially an enhancement to LTE. It is not a new technology but rather an improvement on the existing LTE network. This upgrade path makes it more cost effective for vendors to offer LTE and then upgrade to LTE Advanced which is similar to the upgrade from WCDMA to HSPA. LTE and LTE Advanced will also make use of additional spectrum and multiplexing to allow it to achieve higher data speeds. Coordinated Multi-point Transmission will also allow more system capacity to help handle the enhanced data speeds. Release 10 of LTE is expected to achieve the LTE Advanced speeds. Release 8 currently supports up to 300 Mbit/s download speeds which is still short of the IMT-Advanced standards.

Telia‐branded Samsung LTE modem

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4G Predecessor: 3GPP LTE

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•The pre-4G technology 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is often branded "4G", but the first LTE release does not fully comply with the IMT-Advanced requirements. •LTE has a theoretical net bit rate capacity of up to 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in the uplink if a 20 MHz channel is used — and more if multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), i.e. antenna arrays, are used.• The physical radio interface was at an early stage named High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA), now named Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). •The first LTE USB dongles do not support any other radio interface.• The world's first publicly available LTE service was opened in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm (Ericsson system) and Oslo (a Huaweisystem) on 14 December 2009, and branded 4G. • The user terminals were manufactured by Samsung. •Currently, the two publicly available LTE services in the United States are provided by Metro PCS, and Verizon Wireless. •AT&T also has an LTE service in the works.

Broadband NationFebruary 16, 2011 

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Broadband NationBy Bradford Bowman: National Broadband Plan, Identifying Assets, Creative Solutions, Strategies & Alliances Sprint Bailing on WiMAX - Moving to LTE Makes SenseFebruary 16, 2011 By Bradford BowmanThere's a lot of talk on the street about Sprint's plans if they decide to bail on Clearwire's WiMAX network. There is a definite plan in the works and it has a lot to do with migrating the 152MHz of upper and lower band Educational Broadband Service (EBS) spectrum to LTE.Sprint has said it will make an announcement in around six months surrounding possible transition from WiMAX to LTE. By that time we should know what is going to be happening with Clearwire --who has the rights to the EBS spectrum in almost all large US metro markets. This time frame is also consistent with the likely extension of the FCC's mandated EBS "substantial service" deadline from May 1, 2011 to November 1, 2011 filed for in mid February 2011. This will allow more time for mostly rural EBS license holders (educational entities) to meet safe harbor requirements and keep their EBS licenses.Clearwire's spectrum lease expense is upwards of $290 million per year. Clearwire has stated recently that they are moving away from retailing their service and will be a wholesaler to not only Sprint but Comcast and Time Warner also. Assuming a wholesale ARPU (average rate per user) of around $4.50 per sub they will need over 64 million subscribers just to break even on the spectrum lease expense not even taking into account normal operating expenses.Sprint is almost to that number with 52 million subscribers. A merger with T-Mobile US, with their 31 million customers, would put them over the top as far as covering the spectrum lease expense. And with Comcast and Time Warner needing a mobile wireless strategy going forward, their combined 84 million customers (some are already on Sprint's network) would be the gravy.

Online:  700 MHz Public SafetyNationwide

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http://wn.com/700_mhz

iBook G3 700 Mhz 640 MB ram 2:42

Geeky Devices for Public Safety Networks

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Digi Geeky Gadgets Dailya paper by Digi Geeky – 171

contributors today•Read current edition

partner-puFORID:9ISO-8859site:paperen

SDR

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III. PSNS Networking

• 0.  Requirements

• 1.  Routing and switching

• 2.  Cross layer networking

• 3.  Network management, control and provisioning– Monitoring and control

• Connectivity reconstitution

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IV.  PSNS Architecture

• 0.  Requirements– CONOPS

• 1.  Layered architecture for PSNS– Functions and services per layer

– Layer management entities (LMEs)

• 2.  Interoperability

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V.  Applications and User Interface Devices

• Requirements

• Hardware

• Software

• Smart / intelligent apps and devices

• Status awareness (GPS, etc.)

• Tracking

• Autonomous access and reconfigurability

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VI.  Testing and Performance Modeling

• Requirements– Per technology– Per function– Per Layer

• Example:  Test devices and software for LTE radio equipment, cell operations and network systems.

• Performance modeling and analysis• Simulations

– Analytical based– Combined test system / simulation hybrids

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LA‐RICS

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The Los AngelesRegional Interoperable Communications SystemSystem SpecificationsApril 5, 2010

Section 1

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1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL PORTIONS OF THE SYSTEM1.1. General1.2. Applicable Standards.1.3. Design Review Process1.4. Reliability and Fault Tolerance.1.5. Encryption1.6. Antenna Site Selection.1.7. Frequencies and Licensing1.8. Implementation of the System1.9. Workmanship1.10. Radio Frequency ("RF") Interference Prevention1.11. Mobile Equipment Installation1.12. Decommissioning, Removal and Disposal of Legacy Equipment1.13. Time Synchronization

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1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO ALL PORTIONS OF THE SYSTEM1.1. General1.2. Applicable Standards.1.3. Design Review Process1.4. Reliability and Fault Tolerance.1.5. Encryption1.6. Antenna Site Selection.1.7. Frequencies and Licensing1.8. Implementation of the System1.9. Workmanship1.10. Radio Frequency ("RF") Interference Prevention1.11. Mobile Equipment Installation1.12. Decommissioning, Removal and Disposal of Legacy Equipment1.13. Time Synchronization2. NARROWBANDING OF LA-RICS MEMBERS' EXISTING RADIO SYSTEMS2.1. General Requirements3. DIGITAL VOICE TRUNKED RADIO SUBSYSTEM ("DVTRS")3.1. General Requirements3.2. Capacity3.3. Logging Recorder3.4. Instant Recall Recorder3.5. Dispatch Consoles3.6. Dispatch Console User Interface3.7. Dispatch Console Headset Interface3.8. User Radio Equipment3.9. Specific Requirements for Handheld/Portable Radios ("Portable Radios")3.10. Specific Requirements for Mobile Radios3.11. Specific Requirements for Motorcycle Radios3.12. Specific Requirements for Watercraft Radios3.13. Specific Requirements for Aircraft Radios3.14. Specific Requirements for Undercover Units3.15. Specific Requirements for Detective/Unmarked Units3.16. Specific Requirements for Law Enforcement Command Vehicles3.17. Specific Requirements for Fire Vehicles

LA‐RCS Spec (Cont.)

• 4. ANALOG CONVENTIONAL VOICE RADIO SUBSYSTEM ("ACVRS")

• 5. MOBILE DATA NETWORK• 6. 4.9 GHz WIRELESS HOTSPOT SUBSYSTEM• 7. COMMERCIAL CARRIER WIDE‐AREA DATA NETWORK INTEGRATION

• 8. BROADBAND MOBILE DATA NETWORK• 9. DISASTER RECOVERY AND SPECIAL EVENTS PLANS• 10. LOS ANGELES REGIONAL TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM (LARTCS)

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LA‐RCS Spec (Cont.)

• 11. RADIO COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS• 12. SITE INTERCONNECTION / BACKHAUL SUBSYSTEM

• 13. SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING SUBSYSTEM

• 14. FIRE STATION ALERTING / SELECTIVE CALL UNIT (SCU)

• 15.UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOS ANGELES COUNTY

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LA‐RCS Spec (Cont.)

• 16. TRAINING• 17. SPARES AND TEST EQUIPMENT• 18. SITE CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION• 19.ACCEPTANCE TESTING• 20. INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE TRACKING SUBSYSTEM

• 21.WARRANTY AND MAINTENANCE• 22.DOCUMENTATION

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