1

UBC International Training Fund

PresentsPresents

The following material is intended to make you aware

of the currently acceptable and recognized methods of

performing the tasks described in this presentation.

However, every possible application of these methods

cannot be foreseen and the following material is not

designed to cover every potential application. Therefore,

you must always follow all current procedures and safety

regulations whenever you perform any of the tasks

discussed in this presentation.

4

HYTORC

• World Wide Coverage

• Customer Specific Solutions

• On-site Training And Support

• Superior Design And Materials

THE WORLD’S LARGEST MAKER OF HYDRAULIC BOLTING TOOLS

5

HYTORC Covers the WorldIn every industry - wherever there is a bolting challenge!

6

HYTORCEVERY INVESTMENT MUST PAY FOR ITSELF..

HYTORC PAYS BACK BIGTIME!!

•PRECISION = GET THE JOB DONE RIGHT!

•POWER = GET THE JOB DONE FAST!

•PROTECTION = GET THE JOB DONE SAFELY!

7

THE GOALS OF THIS COURSE:

To Help You -

1. Increase Your Value In The Workplace Because Of Your Skills

2. Increase Your Job Satisfaction As A Professional

3. Become A Safer Worker

AND...

8

YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE WHY AND HOW OF BOLTING

BOSS…Give Me These Tools, And I Will Give YouThe Results You Want.

FASTER SAFER BETTER

9

CHANGE IS HARD FOR SOME PEOPLE...

BUT YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!

10

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS COURSE:

• Elements Of Bolting Theory• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Various

Bolting Methods On Common Bolting Problems

• How To Properly Use Gaskets, Tube Compression Fittings And Bolt Locking Devices

• Proper Operation Of Modern Hydraulic Torquing/tensioning Tools

• Hands-on Practical Application Not Just Talk!

11

12

TODAY’S MILLWRIGHT WEARS MANY HATS • Power Plants• Steam Turbines• Generators• Nuclear Reactors• Gas Pipelines• Hydro Units• Diesel/gas Engines• Pumps And Compressors• Structural Assemblies

13

AND WAY THE WORK IS DONE AIN’T EXACTLY LIKE YOUR DADDY DID IT!

• Increased Complexity• New And Tighter

Tolerances• Safety And Work Rules• Less Time For Maintenance• Higher Costs

14

MANY INDUSTRIES - HUNDREDS OF APPLICATIONS

15

NO MATTER HOW BIG AND COMPLEX THE MACHINERY GETS...

AT ITS HEART, HOLDING EVERYTHING TOGETHER IS

THE HUMBLE LITTLE BOLT

LET ME INTRODUCE YOU TO

16

THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF BOLTS AND STUDS...

17

BUT THEY ALL HAVE THE SAME BASIC PURPOSE:

Unlike A Pin Or A Clip - A Bolt Holds Surfaces Together

18

THE SECRET IS...

19

STRETCH THE BOLT AND AS IT SPRINGS BACKIT SQUEEZES THE JOINT TOGETHER

20

The Key Is To Get Enough Spring ActionTo Hold The Joint Together - But Not TooMuch Stretch So That That The Bolt Yields - Or No Longer Springs Back

TIGHTER IS NOT ALWAYS BETTER!!

21

WE CALL THIS SPRING ACTION

ON THIS FLANGE24 BOLTS @58,000 Lbs. PER BOLTTOTAL PRE-LOAD 1,392,000 Lbs.

OR..

22

THE TOTAL THE PRE-LOAD MUST BE GREATERTHAN THE PRESSURES TRYING TO ESCAPE

23

THERE ARE TWO COMMON WAYS THAT PRE-LOADIS ACHIEVED:

1. TORQUE

2. TENSIONING

Let’s Briefly Examine The Ways Each Of These Is Done And Their Relative

Advantages And Problems

24

SOME DEFINITIONS:

TORQUE= ANGULAR MOMENTUM (CIRCULAR FORCE)usually measured in foot/pounds(sometimes also in newton/meters or kilogram/meters)

FOOT/POUND= A TORQUE OF 1 POUND AT A DISTANCEOF 1 FOOT FROM THE CENTERyou can double the torque by doubling eitherthe force or the distance

If you want more torque…Get a bigger hammer or a longer lever!

25

By Using A Strain Gauge (Scale) It Is PossibleTo Measure How Much Pre-load Is DevelopedPer Unit Of Torque Applied To Any Given Bolt

CHANGE WEIGHT OR DISTANCE AND YOU CHANGE LOAD

26

KEEP IN MIND:In Bolting We Are Interested InPre-load Or Clamping Force Not Torque.

(But Since Load Is Difficult To Measure WeMeasure Torque As Away To Approximate Load)

27

The Advantages Of Using Torque Are:

1. It Is Relatively Easy To Measure

2. Even Torque Means Even Load

The Consistency Of Load From Bolt To Bolt…

Is Often More Important Than How Tight TheBolts Are

28

SINCE THE THREADED BOLT WAS INVENTED PEOPLEHAVE COME UP WITH SOME VERY CREATIVE WAYSOF TIGHTENING THEM

CHEATER BARS

(An Accident Waiting To Happen)

29

HAMMER WRENCHES

Oh, My Aching Back!!Watch Out Below!!

30

IMPACT WRENCHES - small and large

Noise And Vibration

Fast Run-down But Fizzle At The End

How Tight Is Tight??

31

Examples Of Tools Used To Turn A Nut Or Bolt

But None Of TheseCan Measure How Tight?

32

So People Have Come Up With Some Other Ways Of Guessing At Load When Using These Tools

•TORQUE/TURN •BOLT STRETCH

•ULTRA-SONIC •LOAD INDICATORS

33

With Hydraulics, Unlike Other Methods We Can Measure The Forces With Great

Accuracy And Consistency

1. Each Bolt Will Be Exactly Tight Enough

And What Is More Important-

2. Evenly Tight With Its Neighbors

34

Let’s see if we got these concepts straight…

Quiz #1

The EndThe End